Purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from 16 serotypes of Pasteurella multocida were complexed with Aspergillus fumigatus ribosomes. The complexes were used as inocula to prepare antisera, in chickens, for somatic antigen typing by the gel diffusion precipitin test (GDPT). Antisera made against 15 of 16 LPS reacted with their respective specific heat-stable antigens in the GDPT and homologous LPS in the passive hemagglutination test. Antisera could not be made against serotype 15 LPS. Correlation was not observed between intensity of the precipitin reaction in the GDPT and titer to homologous LPS in the passive hemagglutination test. Most antisera cross-related with other heat-stable antigens of other serotypes in the GDPT. Many of these cross-reactions were eliminated by dilution. Cross-reactions that occurred in the GDPT with antisera made against LPS of serotypes 2, 5, 7 and 8 could not be eliminated by dilution.

Twenty-nine healthy 17- to 29-day-old unweaned Isaeli-Friesian male calves were each given a single IV or IM injection of 10 or 20 mg of moxalactam disodium/kg of body weight. Serum concentrations were measured serially during a 12-hour period. Serum concentration vs time profiles were analyzed by use of linear least-squares regression analysis and the statistical moment theory. The elimination half-lives after IV administration were 143.7 +/- 30.2 minutes and 155.5 +/- 10.5 minutes (harmonic mean +/ SD) at dosages of 10 and 20 mg of moxalactam/kg of body weight, respectively. Corresponding mean residence time values were 153.1 +/- 26.8 minutes and 169.9 +/- 19.3 minutes (arithmetic mean +/- SD). Mean residence time values after IM administration were 200.4 +/- 17.5 minutes and 198.4 +/- 19.9 minutes at dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The volumes of distribution at steady state were 0.285 +/- 0.073 L/kg and 0.313 +/- 0.020 L/kg and total body clearance values were 1.96 +/- 0.69 ml/min/kg and 1.86 +/- 0.18 ml/min/kg after administration of dosages of 10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively. Moxalactam was rapidly absorbed from the IM injection site and peak serum concentrations occurred at 1 hour. The estimated bioavailability ranged from 69.8 to 79.1%. The amount of serum protein binding was 53.4, 55.0, and 61.5% when a concentration of moxalactam was at 50, 10, and 2 micrograms/ml respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of moxalactam ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 micrograms/ml against Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains and from 0.005 to 6.25 micrograms/ml against Pasteurella multocida strains.

Purified lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from 16 serotypes of Pasteurella multocida were complexed with Aspergillus fumigatus ribosomes. The complexes were used as inocula to prepare antisera, in chickens, for somatic antigen typing by the gel diffusion precipitin test (GDPT). Antisera made against 15 of 16 LPS reacted with their respective specific heat-stable antigens in the GDPT and homologous LPS in the passive hemagglutination test. Antisera could not be made against serotype 15 LPS. Correlation was not observed between intensity of the precipitin reaction in the GDPT and titer to homologous LPS in the passive hemagglutination test. Most antisera cross-related with other heat-stable antigens of other serotypes in the GDPT. Many of these cross-reactions were eliminated by dilution. Cross-reactions that occurred in the GDPT with antisera made against LPS of serotypes 2, 5, 7 and 8 could not be eliminated by dilution.

Outer membrane protein (OMP)-enriched extracts of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were examined by use of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Culture medium did not have a significant effect on the OMP profiles of strains of P multocida examined; however, in vivo propagation had an appreciable effect on the OMP profile composition of the reference strain P-1059. Such bacteria, expressed several additional OMP in the 27-kD, 48-kD, 56-kD, 60-kD, 80-kD, and 94-kD molecular mass regions. These OMP were not detected in the electrophorogram of strain P-1059 grown in vitro. The OMP profiles of reference strains of the 16 serotypes of P multocida did not identify any serotype-specific protein markers. Field strains of serotype A:3 had variation in OMP profiles and did not express OMP that all were identical to that expressed by the reference strain P-1059. The live attenuated CU and M9 bacterial vaccine strains expressed strain-specific OMP markers of 48-kD and 45-kD molecular masses, respectively. These strain-specific OMP markers may be used to differentiate these strains from virulent field strains that are of the same serotype and isolated from turkeys that have succumbed to pasteurellosis as a result of vaccine-related reactions or breakdown in immunity.

Ceftazidime pharmacokinetic values were studied in unweaned calves given the antibiotic alone or in combination with probenecid. Ceftazidime was administered IV to 9 calves at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight and IM (10 mg/kg) to 8 calves, to 7 calves (10 mg/kg plus probenecid [40 mg/kg]), and to 9 calves (10 mg/kg plus probenecid [80 mg/kg]). Serum concentration-vs-time data were analyzed, using noncompartmental methods based on statistical moment theory. The data for IV ceftazidime administration also were fitted by use of a linear, open 2-compartment model. The mean (+/- SD) terminal half-life was 138.7 +/- 23.6 minutes and 126.3 +/- 10.5 minutes after IV and IM administrations, respectively. The mean residence time was 167.3 +/- 21.1 minutes and 201.4 +/- 16.8 minutes after IV and IM administrations, respectively. Coadministration of probenecid did not affect the terminal half-life or mean residence time values. The total body clearance was 1.75 +/- 0.26 ml/min/kg, and the volume of distribution at steady state was 0.294 +/- 0.064 L/kg. The estimated mean absorption time was 34.1 minutes. There were no significant differences between the mean residence time calculated by statistical moment theory or by compartmental analysis, indicating central compartment output of ceftazidime. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentration values of ceftazidime determined for Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Pasteurella multocida, and P haemolytica isolates ranged from less than 0.01 to 0.1 microgram/microliter.

To evaluate the relationship between pneumonic lesions and distribution of bacteria, lungs from calves inoculated with Pasteurella multocida were examined histologically by use of immunoperoxidase technique. Pneumonic lesions fundamentally consisted of bronchopneumonia with fibrinopurulent pleuritis. The lesions were confirmed to be associated with inoculated P multocida, using the immunoperoxidase technique. The P multocida antigen was detected not only in the bacterial clusters in the lesions, but also in the cytoplasm of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. Further, immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the inoculated bacteria generally were phagocytosed and digested by neutrophils.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of sulfonamides were determined against Bordetella bronchiseptica (n = 10), Pasteurella multocida (n = 10), Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (n = 20), and Streptococcus suis (n = 10) strains isolated from pigs with atrophic rhinitis, pneumonia, or meningitis. Sulfonamides tested in an agar dilution method were sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfadoxine, sulfisoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine, sulfanilamide, sulfatroxazole, and sulfisomidine. Results indicated that monotherapy of S suis infections with sulfonamides should not be encouraged because the MIC50 of all sulfonamides investigated was greater than 32 microgram/ml. The MIC50 of the sulfonamides against B bronchiseptica ranged from 0.5 to 8 migrogram/ml, against P multocida from 2 to 32 microgram/ml, and against H pleuropneumoniae from 8 to 64 microgram/ml. The MIC50 of sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethoxazole for the gram-negative bacteria did not exceed 16 microgram/ml. Among these compounds, sulfamethoxazole had the highest activity. The frequently prescribed sulfamethazine had an overall low antimicrobial activity.

In present study the transtracheal aspiration technique using a commercial polypropylene 5 fr. urinary catheter with 13-gauge 2.5 inch hypodermic needle was applied to bovine medicine in order to determine the availability of this procedure for diagnosis of lower respiratory tract disease. The subjects were forty adult cattle which consisted of thirty-one cows with respiratory signs such as cough and nasal discharge and nine cows without these signs. This procedure appeared suitable for collecting specimens of the lower respiratory tract secretions without uncontamination by the flora of the mouth, respiratory distress and any complications. The most of microorganisms isolated was Pasteurella multocida (48.7 %) and a mucopurulent inflammatory response was the most appeared accounting for 40 % of cytological basis. Most cows with severe clinical signs showed a mucopurulent inflammation (60 %) and Pasteurella multocida were isolated dominantly in severe cases (63.2 %). Cows with mild clinical signs were distributed in each of the five cytological classification and Pasteurella multocida was the most isolated accounting for 40 % of mild cases. In the cytologic examination, a few neutrophils and epithelial cells were seen in the fluid of mucoid inflammation, and many neutrophils with epithelial cells and thick mucoid exudate were seen in the fluid of mucopurulent inflammation. Various number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and epithlial cells were examined in the fluid of mixed cell inflammation. The columnar ciliated epithelial cells were examined mainly in normal aspirates. From these results the transtracheal aspiration technique as a diagnostic aid for lower respiratory tract disease of cow is considered as a simple, safe and useful method and can be performed in the field situation