The prevalence rate of bacterial isolates of public health importance in pigeons was (28.16%). The incidence of bacterial pathogens differed according to health status of examined pigeons and ages either squabs or adults, as it gave the higher incidence in freshly dead squabs (33.33%) and in adults (28.57%) followed by diseased squabs (31.03%) and adults (26.67%) then finally slaughtered pigeons (25.56%). There was a wide range of bacterial pathogens isolated from nasal and cloacal swabs of diseased pigeons including C. jejuni, Citrobacter freundii, D. pneumoniae, E. coli, K. oxytoca, K. pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella spp, S. aureus and Y. enterocolitica. There were variations between the incidence and the species of pathogens isolated from cloacal and nasal swabs either in squabs or in adults K. oxytoca, Mannheimia haemolytica and Y. enterocolitica never isolated from adult. It was appeared that the deaths usually occurred due to combination of more than one bacterium. On the examination of internal organs slaughtered pigeons, there were differences in the incidences of bacterial isolation form different organs. Serological identification of most prevalent isolates revealed 5 Salmonella serovars including, 3 P. aeruginosa serogroups and 6 E. coli serogroups. All examined pathogens were sensitive to enrofloxacin followed by gentamicin then ciprofloxacin. In contrast, streptomycin then erythromycin and colistin sulphate showed the lowest effect. Among the isolates tested, P. aeruginosa was resistant to the most used antibiotics..Most isolated strains of E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Y. enterocolitica from pigeons were elaborating enterotoxin. S. paratyphi A and S typhimurium var. copenhagen were 100% enterotoxigenic followed by S. typhimurium(83.33%) , E. coli O8 and Ps. aeruginosa I (75%) in each. On other hand, lower enterotoxin production was observed in Ps. aeruginosa A (46.15%) and E. coli O111 (44.44%).

Ever since infectious bursal disease (IBD) was recognised in Nigeria over forty years ago, it continues to pose a threat to poultry production with limited information on the likely role of other avian species especially those raised in close proximity with chickens. For this study, blood samples were obtained from184 unvaccinated apparently healthy birds comprised of Japanese quails (63) andindigenous chickens (60) on smallholdings as well as pigeons (61) in a live-bird market in Osun and Oyo states, southwest Nigeria.Sera from these birds were analysed for IBD virus antibodies using a commercial ELISA kit. Overall, 69 (37.5%) sera were positive for IBDV with 52.8% (65/184) and 6.6% (4/184)from birds on smallholdings and live-bird market, respectively. These findings indicate that these birds were sub-clinically infected and could serve as reservoirs shedding the virus into the environment and perhaps, corroborate the suggestion that the inability to effectively control or eradicate the disease from poultry flocks in Nigeria may be due to limited information on the contributions of other avian species other than chicken in the spread of IBD virus.

Besides the yield loss of the pigeons those are infested with ectoparasites they are also susceptible against the other infections because of weakened immunity. Thus it has been evaluated the situation of ectoparasites of domestic pigeons and determined the prevalance in Antakya region. Materials and Totally 100 domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) which are fed for hobby in Antakya region were examined with respect of ectoparasites. The prevalance of ectoparasites of domestic pigeons has been determined and identified according to the literature.The prevalance of ectoparasites of domestic pigeons was determined as 52% and three different ectoparasites were detected. Columbicola columbae was the dominant species with a percentage of 45%, Argas reflexus and Pseudolynchia canariensis were also dedected with a percentage of 5% and 2%, respectively. Despite the higher percentage of infestation in female pigeons (54,5%) when compared with males (48,9%) and adults (56,9%) when compared with juveniles (42,9%) no significant difference was found statistically (p>0.05). But louse infestation of adult pigeons (58,3%) was significantly higher than the juvenile pigeons (28,5%) statistically (p<0.05).The yield and perfomance loss in domestic pigeons should not be ruled out. Therefore hygien of shelters and ventilation is crucially important. Ectoparasiter situation should be monitorized and gotten under controlled.