Jeotgal (salted seafood) has been one of major fermented foods in Korea for long time. Although there are many studies about Jeotgal in various aspects of food, its immunological importance on hosts has not been elucidated yet. In this study, we investigated if several bacteria isolated from Jeotgal may modulate the function of dendritic cells (DCs), powerful antigen-presenting cells equipped with special immunological capabilities. 4 Jeotgal bacteria were selected as representatives and used for experiments. To treat viable DCs, those bacteria were killed at 60¡� for 30 min. The viability of DCs treated with Jeotgal bacteria was verified and two isolates significantly induced high production of interleukin-12, a representative cell-mediated cytokine of DCs. Surface activation and maturation markers (MHC class II, CD40, CD86) of DCs were analyzed by flow cytometer. In addition, the treated DCs showed significantly high lymphocyte stimulatory capability compared to control DCs based on allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions. These observations suggest that Jeotgal isolates can function as immunostimulating bacteria in hosts, like Lactobacillus. Taken together, these experimental evidences may broaden the use of Jeotgal isolates in immunological fields in addition to as a fermented food.

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported their beneficial roles on host including reduction of infectious diarrhea problems. In this study, preventive effect of Lactobacillus (L.) reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) was investigated in suckling piglets. Two groups of one day old PEDV naive piglets were orally administered L. reuteri HY25101 and L. johnsonii HY25103 for three days respectively before challenge with lethal dose of PEDV. In second experiment, passive immunized one day old piglets using colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were used. The survival rates of the L. reuteri HY25101 administered group were significantly higher than that of L. johnsonii HY25103 administered group and viral shedding was rapidly diminished in L. reuteri HY25101 administered group. Interestingly piglets born from the sow immunized with attenuated PEDV vaccine were not completely protected from PEDV challenge, however coadministeration of L. reuteri HY25101 and colostrums containing PEDV specific IgA were more effectively prevent PEDV infection. These results suggested that dietary treatment using L. reuteri HY25101 could reduce diarrheal problem and mortality rate caused by PEDV in suckling pigs. In addition, L. reuteri HY25101 could be used as one of effective compensation treatment with attenuated live vaccine for PED.

The growth characteristics and the properties of the Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) isolated from intestine of slaughting pig were examined in order to confirm whether it will be used practically as probiotics or not. E. faecium was identified by morphological and biochemical tests including of final confirming by API strep kit. Among 264 samples, 44 isolates (16.7%) of E. faecium were observed as an exellent growth as a range of 1×10∨7 CFU/ml~3.3×10∨9 CFU/ml in viable bacterial count on MRI medium.

Probiotics colonize the intestines and exert an antibacterial effect on pathogens. Therefore, probiotics could be used as a preventive agent against lethal infections. To isolate probiotic microorganisms, 116 bacterial strains were isolated from healthy cow's milk and were subjected to Gram-stain, morphology and biochemical analyses, Vitek analysis, and 16S rRNA analysis. One of the strains identified as Bacillus (B.) thuringiensis 87 was found to grow very well at pH 4.0~7.0 and to be resistant to high concentrations of bile salts (0.3~0.9% w/v). B. thuringiensis was susceptible to the antibiotics used in the treatment of bovine mastitis, yet it exhibited an antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus 305. Moreover, it protected mice from experimental lethal infections of E. coli O55, Salmonella typhimurium 01D, and S. aureus 305 through a significant induction of interferon-γ, even at four-week post-administration of B. thuringiensis. Although oral administration of B. thuringiensis 87 did not provide significant protection against these lethal challenges, these results suggest that B. thuringiensis 87 could be a feasible candidate as a probiotic strain.

Analysis of efficiency of prebiotics and probiotics and different systems of their application for the focused formation of bacteriocenosis of gastro-intestinal tract of calves was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. There were used 7 groups of calves: 1 – clinically healthy; 2 – calves with diarrheal syndrome which did not get preparations; 3 – calves were administrated daily with liquid probiotic Bifidoflorin Zhidkij in dose 20 ml in course of 20 days; 4 – calves were administrated daily with prebiotic Biofon with colostral milk or milk in dose 20ml in course of 20 days; 5 – calves were administrated daily with prebiotic Biofon-AIL in dose 20 ml in course 20 days; 6 – calves were administrated with probiotic Bifidoflorin Zhidkij simultaneously with prebiotic Biofon; 7 – calves were administrated with probiotic Bifidoflorin Zhidkij in combination with prebiotic Biofon-AIL. In course of studies there was analyzed the age-specific dynamics of bifidus bacteria, lactic acid bacillus, and Escherichia quantities in calves excrements. Research results showed that application of the proposed prebiotics and probiotics promoted the earlier and active contamination of intestines with obligate anaerobe gram-positive flora with its dominative position in relation to gram-negative nonsporeforming facultative anaerobic flora. At the stage of the second aging immunodeficiency the analyzed preparations rendered the resolving effect. The highest positive indexes were obtained after combined application of probiotic Bifidoflorin Zhidkij with prebiotic Biofon-AIL

Evaluation of antagonistic activity of strains of lactic and bifid bacteria, metabolite producers, as well as the treatment and prophylactic efficacy of Laktimet and Batsinil probiotics was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus. In course of study there were estimated 29 strains of lactic acid bacillus of different kinds, 13 strains of bifid bacteria and 35 strains of bacillus (Bac. subtilis and Bac. pumilis). There were studied 3 strains of bifid bacteria: Bifidobacterium adolescentis MS-42; Bifidobacterium adolescentis BIM V-01; Bifidobacterium adolescentis BIM V-87; 2 strains of lactic acid bacillus: Lactococcus lactis subsp. Lactis BIM V-132, Lactococcus casei subsp. rhamnosus BIM V-189; and 6 strains of Bacillus subtilis. Research results showed that the main part of the studied strains had steady antagonistic activity to test-cultures of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Zone of growth delay of test-cultures of the main quantity of strains (from 54 up to 92%) was from 11 up to 30. Research results showed that application of cell-free probiotics Laktimet and Batsinil promoted the increasing of resistance by means of increasing or lowering of total protein, insignificant increasing of blood serum bactericidal activity and increasing of phagocytic activity of leukocytes on 7,3%

Development of diarrheal diseases of newborn animals has a miltifactorial character and it is very difficult to optimize the structure of microbial population in alimentary tract and to carry out the correction of the microbe status only by means medical preparations. Therefore, for regulation of standard structure of intestine microflora in a complex of medical and preventive measures for diarrhea diseases of young poultry an important role is played by application of probiotics, prebiotics, and immunoamplifiers. In course of study there were used biologically active preparations produced on the basis of ecologically pure products of a natural origin: immunostimulant Alveozan, probiotics Bifidoflorin liquid and Dialakt, and prebiotics Biofon АIL and Biofon. Research was realized on one-day-old broiler chickens of Kobb-500 cross. The obtained data on the positive influence of the studied preparations on microbiocenosis of an alimentary tract of broilers chickens correlated with the indexes of natural resistance (autarcesis).The analyzed preparations made it possible to increase the local protection, stimulation of hematopoiesis (increasing of hematoglobulin, erythrocytes and leukocytes); to increase the blood content of whole protein, albumens and globulins, bactericidal activity of blood serum. Complex introduction of the analysed preparations stimulated the natural disease resistance factors, normalized the metabolic function of poultry, promoted the increasing of chicken livability and productivity

Nowadays in connection with an interdiction for antibiotics use in animal feeding it is very actual to work out and apply new forms of probiotic preparations which should be as ecologically safe and harmless both to people and animal products. Probiotics make it possible to improve the digestibility of nutritive substances of forages, normalize metabolism, enrich with biologically active substances that promotes the increasing of their productivity. In the Republic of Belarus the probiotics are produced in the obviously insufficient quantity that creates problems of young stock livability. Influence of application of Akozil and Sublicin probiotics in diets of suckling calves on biochemical parameters of blood serum was analysed. It was stated that use of the analysed probiotics made it possible to decrease the level of urea and total cholesterol, to increase of the total protein content in blood serum of the experimental calves. There was noted the increasing of glucose level in blood serum of calves fed with Akozil. There was marked the tendency of more optimal level of calcium and phosphorus in calves having Sublicin in their diets. The obtained results testified the normalization of metabolic processes taking place in calves which were fed by the mentioned above probiotics

In the conditions of the Republic of Belarus there were studied biochemical indexes of calf blood serum against the background of application of probiotic preparations Bilavet C. Results of research showed that administration of probiotic preparations from the first day till the six day and from the fourteenth day till the nineteenth day of calf life with the preventive purpose rendered the simulative influence on indexes of natural resistance, which were accompanied with the increasing of total protein quantity in blood on 2,9-5,9%, as well as the increasing of protein fractions, in particular, globulin-rich fraction on 4,2-6,4%. Administration of probiotic preparation Bilavet С to calves rendered the positive influence on blood biochemical indexes, promoted the uptaking and better accumulation of mineral substances: content of crude calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, iron increased on 15,3%, 10,5%, 13,2% and 3,6%, respectively.

Analysis of the optimal scheme of doses and rates of combined administration of probiotic Dialakt and immunostimulant Alveozan was realized in the conditions of the Republic of Belarus by the example of 1500 broiler chickens of cross Kobb- 500. Chickens of the first (controlled) group were given only total ration, balanced with the main nutrients. For the chickens of the second group were administrated with immunostimulant Alveozan with water starting from one day old age, every day in dose of 10 mkg/kg of body weight once a day in course of 5 days successively and with 7 days interval till the end of growing period; and probiotic Dialakt was administrated with water in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head (10,0-20,0 mln microbial bodies) starting from one day old age, once a day in course of 5 days successively and with 6 and 14 days intervals till the end of growing period. Chickens of the third group were administrated Alveozan in dose of 10 mkg/kg of body weight with drinking water once a day in course of 5 days with 10 days interval till the end of growing period; and Dialakt in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head with drinking water starting from one day old age, every day in course of 5 days with 6 and 14 days interval till the end of growing period. The research results showed the following optimal regime of complex application of the analyzed preparations: immunostimulant Dialakt - in dose of 0,1-0,2 ml/head with drinking water starting from one day old age, once a day in course of 3 days successively with 6 and 14 days intervals till the end of growing period; and immunostimulant Alveozan - in doze of 10 mkg/kg of body weight with drinking water once a day in course of 5 days with 10 days interval till the end of growing period. Complex application of Dialakt and Alveozan promoted the increasing of organometric indexes, specific volume and size of thymus in 1,5-1,8 times (P less than 0,01), Fabritsiya bursa - in 2 times (P less than 0,01) and lien - on 11,1% (P less than 0,05)