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Molecular epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different sources in Brazil | Epidemiologia molecular de Listeria monocytogenes isoladas de diferentes fontes no Brasil
2013
Andrea Micke Moreno | Renata Paixão | Luisa Zanolli Moreno | Débora Dirani Sena de Gobbi | Daniele Cristine Raimundo | Thais Sebastiana Porfida Ferreira | Ernesto Hofer | Maria Helena Matte | Marina Moreno
<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that primarily affects pregnant women, neonates, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, and it may cause abortion, septicemia, and meningitis. From the 13 capsular groups described, serotypes 4b, 1/2b and 1/2a are most closely related to human infection. For this reason, serotyping has limited value as an epidemiological tool; thus, improved discriminatory typing methods are required to enhance knowledge of L. monocytogenes contamination and infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates in the pork processing industry in Sao Paulo, Brazil and human infection isolates by ERICPCR and single enzyme AFLP. Serotypes 1/2c and 4b were frequent among isolates from pork and slaughterhouse/market environments, whereas serotypes 4b and 1/2a were observed among human isolates. ERIC-PCR and AFLP revealed 34 and 31 distinct profiles, respectively, which had tendencies of separation according to serogroup and isolate origin. The genetic profiles from slaughterhouse and market environments suggest the possibility of different sources of Listeria contamination in the environment, although in certain cases, continuous contamination caused by the persistence of clonal strains is also a possibility.</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">Listeria monocytogenes é um importante patógeno de origem alimentar que afeta principalmente grávidas, neonatos, idosos e indivíduos imunocomprometidos, e pode causar abortamento, septicemia e meningite. Dos 13 grupos capsulares descritos, os sorotipos 4b, 1/2b e 1/2a são os mais relacionados à infecção humana. Por esta razão, a sorotipagem possui valor limitado como ferramenta epidemiológica e, dessa forma, métodos mais discriminatórios são necessários para melhorar o conhecimento sobre a contaminação e a infecção por L. monocytogenes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a diversidade genética de isolados de L. monocytogenes da indústria de processamento de carne suína no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e compará-los a isolados de casos de infecção humana através do ERIC-PCR e AFLP com uma única enzima. Os sorotipos 1/2c e 4b foram frequentes em carne suína e ambientes de abatedouros e mercados, enquanto os sorotipos 4b e 1/2a foram observados nos isolados de humanos. ERIC-PCR e AFLP resultaram em 34 e 31 perfis distintos, respectivamente, com uma tendência a separar de acordo com o sorogrupo e a origem do isolado. Os perfis genéticos de ambiente dos abatedouros e mercados sugerem a possibilidade de diferentes origens de contaminação por Listeria nos ambientes estudados, porém, em alguns casos, é possível que ocorra a persistência de cepas clonais causando contaminação contínua.</p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> 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Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Analysis of the association of the schooling with income and with cares of health and ectoparasitism in dogs in the city of Araguaína, Tocantins | Análise da associação da escolaridade com renda e com cuidados de saúde e ectoparasitismo em cães na cidade de Araguaína, Tocantins
2008
Francisco Baptista | Monalisa de Sousa Moura Souto | Arielle Nunes Morais | Raimunda de Sousa Canêdo Barros | Adayanna Karolline Moreira Schneider
An epidemiological survey carried out in 2005, in the city of Araguaína, State of the Tocantins, revealed to exist association between schooling and income of dogs' owners (p;0,05). In the group of owners with smaller schooling, the increase of the formal instruction, for nine or more years, can reduce the number of dogs without confinement, vaccination (except against the rabies) or deworming in 23,3% (IC95%=10,935,2), 30,5% (IC95%=18,7-41,1) and 22,3% (IC95%=10,7-33,2), respectively; in the assembly of all of the owners of dogs this reduction can be, in the same order, of 10.7% (IC95%=0,8-19,3), 14.3% (IC95%=3,9-24,3) and 10.7% (IC95%=1,0-19,5). The regional socio-economic promotion, with more actions of sanitary education and increase of the schooling, is essential condition to the improvement of the health of the dogs and, consequently, of the public health. | Um inquérito epidemiológico realizado em 2005, na cidade de Araguaína, Estado do Tocantins, revelou existir associação entre escolaridade e renda de proprietários de cães (p;0,05). No grupo de proprietários com menor escolaridade, o aumento da instrução formal, para nove ou mais anos, pode reduzir o número de cães sem confinamento, vacinação (exceto contra a raiva) ou vermifugação em 23,3% (IC95%=10,9-35,2), 30,5% (IC95%=18,7-41,1) e 22,3% (IC95%=10,7-33,2), respectivamente; no conjunto de proprietários de cães esta redução pode ser, na mesma ordem, de 10,7% (IC95%=0,8-19,3), 14,3% (IC95%=3,9-24,3) e 10,7% (IC95%=1,0-19,5). A promoção sócio-econômica regional, com mais ações de educação sanitária e aumento da escolaridade, é condição essencial para a melhoria da saúde dos cães e, conseqüentemente, da saúde pública.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine: mechanisms and bacterial agents with the greatest impact on human health | Resistência a antimicrobianos em medicina veterinária: mecanismos e agentes bacterianos de maior impacto em saúde humana
2013
Ketrin Cristina da Silva | Terezinha Knobel | Andrea Micke Moreno
Vários estudos retrospectivos e prospectivos têm sido realizados para investigar o aumento e a disseminação de microorganismos resistentes a antimicrobianos. As taxas de resistência entre esses agentes são crescentes e representam uma preocupação mundial, tanto em medicina humana como em veterinária. O objetivo da presente revisão é descrever os mecanismos de resistência antimicrobiana e os riscos associados ao uso de antimicrobianos na produção animal. Os patógenos de maior impacto em saúde humana e animal são abordados, incluindo bactérias Gram-negativas e Grampositivas multirresistentes e extensivamente resistentes. | Many retrospective and prospective studies have been performed to understand the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The rates of antimicrobial drug resistance among bacterial pathogens are high and now represent a worldwide concern, both in human medicine and veterinary practices. The aim of this review is to describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and the risks associated with antimicrobial use in animal production. Pathogens with major impacts on human and animal health are discussed, including multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Isolation of Mycobacterium spp. in milk from cows suspected or positive to tuberculosis | Isolamento de Mycobacterium spp. do leite de vacas suspeitas e positivas para tuberculose
2001
Renata Bonini Pardo | Hélio Langoni | Lia Jeanne Pereira Mendonça | Kung Dahr Chi
This study was performed considering the public health hazards related to the elimination of mycobacteria through milk of dairy cows suspected or positive for tuberculosis presenting no clinical alterations. A total of 780 milk samples from 52 animals, positive or suspected for tuberculosis, according to Stormont's test, were analysed to detect Mycobacterium spp. The samples consisted of 300 ml/cow, collected in the first milking of the day, during 15 days. Frozen samples were sent to the laboratory, inoculated in Löwenstein-Jensen with reduced glicerol (0.5%) and Stonebrink media and kept under 37ºC for at least 90 days. The genus of each observed colony was initially confirmed by Ziehl-Neelsen and auramin staining methods. The isolation of Mycobacterium spps was confirmed in 78 (10%) samples collected from 19 (36.54%) animals. According to thin layer chromatography, time and temperature growth characteristics and colonies aspects, the 19 animals eliminated: M. avium (5.26%), M. fortuitum (10.52%), M. bovis (5.26%) and Mycobacterium spp. (78.95%). | Considerando-se o risco à saúde pública representado pela eliminação de micobactérias pelo leite, foram colhidas 780 amostras de 52 fêmeas bovinas leiteiras consideradas suspeitas ou positivas para tuberculose ao teste de Stormont. As amostras foram submetidas à pesquisa de Mycobacterium spp. e consistiam de 300 ml de leite/vaca, colhidos na primeira ordenha do dia, durante 15 dias. As amostras congeladas foram enviadas ao laboratório, processadas pelas técnicas preconizadas por Kantor16, Quinn et al.24 e Corner et al.5, inoculadas em meios de Löwenstein-Jensen com teor reduzido de glicerol (0,5%) e de Stonebrink, e incubadas a 37ºC por um período mínimo de 90 dias. O gênero de cada colônia isolada foi inicialmente confirmado pelos métodos de coloração de Ziehl-Neelsen e da auramina. O isolamento de Mycobacterium spp. foi confirmado em 78 (10%) amostras provenientes de 19 (36.54%) animais. De acordo com a cromatografia em camada delgada, as características de tempo e temperatura de crescimento e os aspectos coloniais, os 19 animais eliminaram: M. avium (5.26%), M. fortuitum (10.52%), M. bovis (5.26%), and Mycobacterium spp. (78.95%).
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