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Administration of ochratoxin A and T-2 toxin to growing swine.
1994
Harvey R.B. | Kubena L.F. | Elissalde M.H. | Rottinghaus G.E. | Corrier D.E.
Effects of dietary ochratoxin A (OA) and T-2 toxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Thirty-six barrows (3 replicates of 3 for each of 4 treatment groups, mean body weight, 18.0 kg) were fed: 0 mg of OA and 0 mg of T-2/kg of feed (control); 2.5 mg of OA/kg of feed; 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed; or 2.5 mg of OA plus 8.0 mg of T-2/kg of feed for 30 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, immunologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weight and body weight gain were decreased by all toxin treatments, but the combination toxin treatment reduced weight gain more than did either of the toxins administered singly and could be considered additive. Liver weight was decreased by combination treatment, whereas kidney weight was increased by OA treatment. Ochratoxin decreased serum cholesterol, inorganic phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase values; reduced mean cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, and macrophage phagocytosis; and increased creatinine and total protein values. Consumption of T-2 toxin reduced hemoglobin and serum alkaline phosphatase values. The combination treatment decreased serum cholesterol, gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, mean cell volume, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, as well as lymphoblastogenesis and phagocytosis, and increased serum nine concentration. We concluded that OA and T-2, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and immunologic values, and organ weights of growing barrows. Although some analytes were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone, the interactions could best be described as additive, not synergistic.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Clinical efficacy and toxicity of doxorubicin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes administered to dogs with lymphosarcoma.
1994
Matherne C.M. | Satterfield W.C. | Gasparini A. | Tonetti M. | Astroff A.B. | Schmidt R.D. | Rowe L.D. | DeLoach J.R.
Doxorubicin was encapsulated in canine erythrocytes, treated with 0.32% glutaraldehyde, and administered at a dosage equivalent to 30 mg of free doxorubicin/m(2) of body surface area to dogs with diagnosis of lymphosarcoma. Compared with administration of free doxorubicin, this method of drug delivery substantially reduced peak plasma concentration and prolonged higher plasma concentration of doxorubicin. As such, this method was comparable to continuous IV infusion. Previous studies have indicated this method's potential for reduction in toxic side effects, particularly cardiotoxicosis, while allowing higher total doses of doxorubicin to be administered. In this study, doxorubicin encapsulated in glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes induced a triphasic exponential decay of doxorubicin from plasma, the highest relative contribution to the total area of the curve being the terminal phase. The treatment was effective in inducing complete and partial remissions of lymphosarcoma, with minimal acute toxicosis and no evidence of cardiotoxicosis. However, substantial, unanticipated, chronic, nonregenerative myelosuppression developed, and was most strikingly expressed as profound thrombocytopenia. Efforts to ameliorate or circumvent this toxic effect will be required prior to further consideration of this doxorubicin delivery system for treatment of systemic neoplasia.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Enhancement of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxic activity by bovine serum albumin.
1994
Waurzyniak B.J. | Clinkenbeard K.D. | Confer A.W. | Srikumaran S.
Growth of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 in RPMI 1640 medium containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 2.5 hours enhanced culture supernatant leukotoxic activity [30,700 +/- 12,900 toxic units/ml, compared with leukotoxic activity of culture supernatants produced in RPMI 1640 medium alone (120 +/- 40 toxic units/ml)]. Gel filtration chromatography of the leukotoxic activity from RPMI 1640 medium supernatants in buffer containing 50 mM NaCl indicated a single leukotoxic activity peak (peak I) eluting near the gel resin molecular mass exclusion limit (estimated molecular mass of approx 8,000 kd). In contrast, culture supernatants produced in RPMI 1640 plus bovine serum albumin medium (RPMI + BSA) had peak I and 2 additional leukotoxic activity peaks (peaks II and III) with estimated molecular mass of approximately 80 and < 30 kd, respectively. All leukotoxic activity peaks were composed of approximately 100-kd molecular mass leukotoxin protomer, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody against leukotoxin. Subjecting culture supernatant leukotoxic activity produced in RPMI + BSA to gel filtration chromatography in buffer containing 500 mM NaCl or 6M urea resulted in detection of only a single leukotoxic activity peak with estimated approximate molecular mass of 250 and 800 kd, respectively. These findings suggest that P haemolytica exists as a high molecular mass aggregate with low leukotoxic activity which, in the presence of BSA, partially disaggregates to multiple toxin forms with enhanced leukotoxic activity. Some of these leukotoxin forms interact with dextran-based gel resins at low ionic strength.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Acute and subacute toxicity of folpet to fingerings of common carp, Cyprinus carpio and goldfish, Carassius auratus
1994
Heo, G.J. (Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea Republic). Department of Veterinary Medicine) | Lee, Y.S. (Seoul National University, Suwon (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine) | Lim, Y.K. (Cheju National University, Cheju (Korea Republic). Department of Veterinary Medicine)
Morphological changes of schwann cells as neurotoxic responses
1994
Rim, B.M. | Chae, H.S. | Lee, O.H. (Chonbuk National University, Chonju (Korea Republic). Bio-Safety Research Institute)
Embryotoxic effects of DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, in rats
1994
Chung, M.K. | Kim, J.C. (Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Taejon (Korea Republic). Toxciology Research Center)
Studies on Pasteurella multocida isolated from pneumonic lungs of slaughter pigs
1994
Ahn, B.C. | Kim, B.H. (Kyungpook National University, Taegu (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine) | Cho, K.H. (Kyungpook Animal Health Experiment Institute, Taegu (Korea Republic))
A study on efficacy and safety of bio-gammamix by oral administration to cultured fish
1994
Heo, G.J. (Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine) | Kim, B.G. | Yeh, J.G. | Kim, J.H. (Bayer Vetchem, Ltd., Anyang (Korea Republic). Bayer Veterinary Medical Research Institute)
Putative avocado toxicity in two dogs
1994
Buoro, I.B.J. | Nyamwange, S.B. | Munyua, S.M. (Nairobi Univ. (Kenya)) | Chai, D.
Studies on the teratogenicity of folpet in the developing chick embryo
1994
Lim, Y.K. (Cheju National University, Cheju (Korea Republic). Department of Veterinary Medicine) | Heo, G.J. (Chungbuk National University, Cheongju (Korea Republic). Department of Veterinary Medicine) | Lee, Y.S. (Seoul National University, Suwon (Korea Republic). College of Veterinary Medicine)