This study was achieved on 75 cross breed cows ( Jarubi X fresian) , The PH of vagina and its secretion was measured for all cows during the different oesturs phases ( proestrus estrus and l:uring different stages of pregnancy ) PH was measured by using PH paper. Results revealed that aginal PH of cows tends to be alkaline during proestrus; estrus and during luteal phase but in case of pregnancy the vaginal PH becomes acidic on the contrary to that of ewes. Results also indicated that there is no significant effect of neither cows age nor pregnancy frequency on PH Values of cows vagina and its secretion; results also showed that vaginal PH and its secretion had no signification effect on correlation between them. Results cleared that it is possible to diagnose pregnancy by means of PH values during this stages of pregnancy in an accuracy of 100% in pregnant cows confirmed by rectal

The baicterial and fungal population in the rumen fluid was measured by using, different V cultures mediia and incubation temperature. The Psychrophil, Camel, higher mean of mesophils,‘ psychrophilsj, coli form and fungi count was found in the rumenal fluid of sheep. While higher mean of staphylococci and Escherichia coli count was observed in the rumenal fluid of camel. Significant mean difference among microbial population in the rumenal fluid was observed between camel and sheep and between sheep and cow concerning the psychrophilic bacteria Also _ significant mean difference was observed in E coli mean count among camel ,sheep and cow I, rumenal fluid microbial population .There was no significant difference in the mean count of mesophils ,coliforrn ,staphy1ococci and fungi. A freshly isolated _E.coli from rumenal fluid of camel had antibacterial activity against ' Streptococcus: spp and Staph aureus

In an experimental study was designed to evaluate the immunopathological effect of sensitized Mycobacterium bovis transfer factor in guinea pigs organs against challenge infection with these microorganisms. The results of this study were showed the followings: 1: Transfer factor recipient group:It was showed an early aggregations of macrophages and lymphocytes (early granuloma) in lungs and liver and reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and macrophages proliferation in the paracortical region of mediastinal lymph node and in periarteriolar sheath areas in the white pulps of the spleen (T cell regions).These early granulomas were persisted during 2" and 4h week postinocultation and slightly decreased and disappeared during the 6h and 8h weeks postinoculation respectively. 2:Group of infection with Mycobacterium bovis:It was showed on extensive tubercuclous granutomatous lesions in the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and in the mediastinal and hepatic lymph nodes.The lesions were initiated at 2nd week postinoculation and it gradually developed into extensive tuberculous granuloma with central caseation, during the 4h and 6h weeks postinoculation.These lesions were persisted and continued during 8h week postinoculation. Two animals died at 7h week postinoculation due to generalized tuberculosis. 3:Transfer factor recipient group and challenged with Mycobacterium bovis. It was showed a well developed granulomatous reactions in the lungs, liver, spleen and mediastinal and hepatic lymph nodes. These granulomas consisted of aggregation of epitheliod cells, lymphocytes and few giant cells without caseastion. These granulomas were initated during the 2' week and gradually increased in size in the 4h week and decreased at 6h week and completely disappeared during the 8th week postinoculation. No animals were died in this group. 4: Control group:It was showed neither morphological and nor histological lesions in the body organs.

The study was aimed to evaluate the effect ofchitosan sheets on wound healing process and its activity as a wound dressing materials. Accordingly chitosan sheet was isolated and prepared from the exoskeleton of the native shrimps in Basrah Province. Twenty-four male rabbits were used and two full-thickness circular cuts (2cm in diameter) were made on the dorsal aspect of each rabbit. The healing process was evaluated macroscopically by evaluation of the properties of chitosan sheets on wound in terms of (adherence, absorption, and fluid accumulation) on different intervals (i.e.lSt,3’d,7‘h,and 15"‘ post wounding day). On the other hand the contraction rate in tested liand control wounds were evaluated during different intervals (i.e. at lS‘,3' ,7‘ ,and I5“ post wounding day).The healing process was evaluated microscopically in terms of (infiltration of neutrophils and macrophage infiltration, new blood vessels and fibroblast proliferation and Re—epithelialization). . The result of macroscopic evaluation showed that chitosan sheets were firmly adherent to ' . the wound with underlying mild fluid accumulation during the first three post wounding day. At , the same time the sheets started to disappear and completely absorbed at 7' day after wound breation. The result of the effect of the chitosan sheet on wound contraction demonstrated that the bontraction rate of tested wounds was significantly higher than in control wounds through the lperiod of experiment. In the treated group complete wound closure with contraction rate of 100% was reached at 103‘ post wounding day while the control wounds failed to close completely till the ’ lend of experiment at 15‘ day. The results of microscopic evaluation of wound healing process were demonstrated significant increase (p

The influence oi‘Ai'oe vera oil extract,on wound healing was studied topically, the study involved preparation bf oil extract of Aloe vera ,also preparation of oil ointment was done .The study‘ involved b8 female rabbits, they were divided A into three groups (3"tf"St gm" a'"'"a' treated f°' (3 days) , 7th:second group treated for (7days) _ and 14"‘ day post wounding: third group treated for (14 days ).2full thickness incisional open wounds were done on the shoulder region of each group animals The wound(treated and control)were treated cpntinuously with 0.5mg oil ointment. All wounds evaluated macroscopically to the degree of (hyperemia and exudation )and microscopically to the neutrophil and macrophages infiltration ,re-epithelization fibroblast proliferation with collagen deposition and new blood capillary formation. Both macroscopic and microscopic results show the efficacy Show of Aloe vera oil extract in healing process as compared with control wounds.

The pathogens listed under dogs and cats include the pathogens of males and females for the species. The pathogen of cats is lesser than of dogs because of difficulty in catching and handling the cats. The pathogens are referred by their first laboratory confirmer(s), except for the bacterial pathogens which are listed without the confirmer(s) due to the uncertainty of the first confirmer (s). The microorganismes from healthy tissues are not included. The mentioned investigations and research studies confirmed 82 pathogens in dogs and 26 in cats

Stool samples were collected from 7537 persons attending Qurna hospital in Basrah from the period of Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2005 were examined and studied to define the role of intestinal protozoal infections ( Entamoeba histolytica , Giardia lamblia and mixed infection ) in rural region (Qurna) and effect of risk factors of age and sex related to these parasites. A high percentage of patient (29.2%) had infection with Entamoeba histolytica followed by (15.0%) infected with Giardia lamblia. The influences of age on infection with Entamoeba histolytica was studied, a higher incidence is found at >45yr. (35.7%) and also at (1-14)yr. age groups (31.9%).whereas the high percentage in Giardia lamblia infection (21.5%) was found within the age group (30-45)yr. Significant difference (p<0.05) was seen in the rate of infection with Entamoeba histolytica between males (33.9%) and females (26.7%) and No significant difference (p<0.05) have been found in the infection rate in Giardia lamblia (16.4%) were male and (14.7%) were females and mixed infection (11.2%) were males and (10.7%) were females.

Antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests serve as standard assays for measuring the activity of compounds against pathogenic bacteria. In the current study, some plant-derived proprietary essential oil blends (Olea europaea , Pimpinella anisum L. , Coriandrum sativum , Matricaria chamomilla L. , Borago officinalis , Cimum basilicum L. , Cuminum cyminum , Thymus vulgaris thymol , Menta xpiperita L. , Rosmarinas officinalis comphora) were tested for their antibacterial activity against five common strains of pathogenic bacteria using disk susceptibility tests. A formulation intended for topical use (Essential Oil Formulation 1) (EOF1) inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus as evidenced by zone inhibition diameter measurements when compared to those reported for standard antibiotics. EOF 1 exhibited no activity against Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The second formulation (Essential Oil Formulation 2) (EOF2), intended for inhalation use, inhibited the growth of all five test bacteria strains with zone inhibition diameters two to three times greater than those reported for standard antibiotics. The growth of all five bacteria strains was inhibited when a cotton swab impregnated with EOF 2 was suspended above the bacterial lawn, indicating a true vapor or fume effect by this formulation.

Eleven dogs were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: group one, in which the tonsil glands were ligated and then resected by scalpel; group two, the tonsils resected by electrocautery; group three; the tonsils were excised by electrocautery with help of an laparoscope. The clinical findings, after two days of operation, at the excision sites appeared redness in color and slight swelling. These signs disappeared at 4-6 postoperative days in group one, while in second and third groups, it extend for 5 - 7 days. Healing of surgical sites occurred 10-12 days after operation in the first group, while in second and third groups, healing occurred in 11-14 days, respectively. The modified use of a rigid laparoscopic toll in the third group for tonsillectomy, was found to be easy for application of the method and given good results.

The twenty adult local male rabbits of mean body weight of 1 kgm and mean age of 6 months were randomly allocated into two groups of ten animals, each group was fed during the period of experiment on a standard diet . The first group was regarded as control and received 3ml of physiological saline orally for a month. The second group was drenched ethanolic extract of Taraxacum officinale (500 mg/kg/day) for one month . Those male were joined with females after treatment for a week to study the effect on fertility and reproductive efficiency. The following results were obtained: The ethanolic extract of Taraxacum officinale caused highly significant increase (p