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Hyperinsulinism in a dog with beta-cell neoplasia (insulinoma)
2009
Yu, D.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Lee, J.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Song, R.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Noh, D.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Li, Y.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Lee, M.J., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Cho, A., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Kim, B.S., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea | Park, J.H., Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
A six-year-old female cocker spaniel presented with recurring episodes of pelvic limb weakness and intermittent seizures. Laboratory analysis revealed marked hypoglycemia and an elevated serum insulin concentration. A pancreatic beta-cell tumor at stage Ⅲ (T₁N₁M₁) was diagnosed based on serial blood glucose and insulin measurements along with diagnostic imaging. The patient survived for 140 days after diagnosis with medical management, including frequent feeding and prednisolone therapy. On necropsy, necrosis and masses in the peripancreatic omentum and liver were found; pancreatic beta-cell neoplasia with metastasis to the liver was confirmed by histopathologic examination. This case reports hyper-insulinism in a dog presenting with hypoglycemic seizures.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ticks collected from birds in the northern provinces of South Africa, 2004-2006 Texto completo
2009
Hasle, G.(Oslo Travel Clinic) | Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,University of the Free State Department of Zoology and Entomology) | Grieve, G.(Birdlife Northern Gauteng Ringing Group) | Leinaas, H.P.(University of Oslo Department of Biology) | Clarke, F.(University of Limpopo Department of Biology)
Ticks collected from birds in the northern provinces of South Africa, 2004-2006 Texto completo
2009
Hasle, G.(Oslo Travel Clinic) | Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases,University of the Free State Department of Zoology and Entomology) | Grieve, G.(Birdlife Northern Gauteng Ringing Group) | Leinaas, H.P.(University of Oslo Department of Biology) | Clarke, F.(University of Limpopo Department of Biology)
Approximately 3 000 birds, mainly passerines, caught in mist nets in the northern provinces of South Africa, were examined for ticks. A total of 178 ticks, belonging to 14 species, were recovered from 83 birds of 43 different species. Hyalomma rufipes was the most numerous tick, with 26 larvae and 109 nymphs collected, followed by Amblyomma marmoreum, with 13 larvae and two nymphs. Despite the study being conducted within the distribution range of Amblyomma hebraeum, it was not seen on any passerines, whereas three larger species were infested. The potential for small birds to spread ticks with their associated tick-borne pathogens is discussed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ticks collected from birds in the northern provinces of South Africa, 2004-2006 Texto completo
2009
G. Hasle | I.G. Horak | G. Grieve | H.P. Leinaas | F. Clarke
Approximately 3 000 birds, mainly passerines, caught in mist nets in the northern provinces of South Africa, were examined for ticks. A total of 178 ticks, belonging to 14 species, were recovered from 83 birds of 43 different species. Hyalomma rufipes was the most numerous tick, with 26 larvae and 109 nymphs collected, followed by Amblyomma marmoreum, with 13 larvae and two nymphs. Despite the study being conducted within the distribution range of Amblyomma hebraeum, it was not seen on any passerines, whereas three larger species were infested. The potential for small birds to spread ticks with their associated tick-borne pathogens is discussed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Blood platelet counts, morphology and morphometry in lions, Panthera leo Texto completo
2009
du Plessis, L.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Anatomy and Physiology)
Blood platelet counts, morphology and morphometry in lions, Panthera leo Texto completo
2009
du Plessis, L.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Anatomy and Physiology)
Due to logistical problems in obtaining sufficient blood samples from apparently healthy animals in the wild in order to establish normal haematological reference values, only limited information regarding the blood platelet count and morphology of free-living lions (Panthera leo) is available. This study provides information on platelet counts and describes their morphology with particular reference to size in two normal, healthy and free-ranging lion populations. Blood samples were collected from a total of 16 lions. Platelet counts, determined manually, ranged between 218 and 358 x 10(9)/l. Light microscopy showed mostly activated platelets of various sizes with prominent granules. At the ultrastructural level the platelets revealed typical mammalian platelet morphology. However, morphometric analysis revealed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in platelet size between the two groups of animals. Basic haematological information obtained in this study may be helpful in future comparative studies between animals of the same species as well as in other felids.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on serum alanine aminotransferase activity in dogs suffering from canine babesiosis Texto completo
2009
Myburgh, E.C.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies) | Goddard, A.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies)
The effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on serum alanine aminotransferase activity in dogs suffering from canine babesiosis Texto completo
2009
Myburgh, E.C.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies) | Goddard, A.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies)
Accurate measurements of serum aminotransferase (ALT) activity in dogs relies on the endogenous pro-enzyme pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the exclusion of P5P from the analytical method causes an underestimation of serum ALT activity in dogs suffering from babesiosis and in those manifesting evidence of hepatocellular damage, and to determine if anorexia causes sufficient P5P depletion to affect in vitro serum ALT activity. One-hundred-and-twenty healthy control dogs and 105 Babesia-infected dogs were included in the study. Two methods for ALT measurement were used: Method 1 included P5P, and Method 2 excluded P5P from the reaction mixture. Higher serum ALT activity was measured with Method 1 in the Babesia-infected dogs (P < 0.001), as well as in 14 dogs with suspected hepatocellular damage (P = 0.03). Duration of anorexia had no effect, irrespective of the method used. Although inclusion of P5P to the reaction mixture consistently resulted in higher measured serum ALT activity, the differences were too small to have led to incorrect diagnoses in the Babesia-infected dogs suspected of liver disease.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on serum alanine aminotransferase activity in dogs suffering from canine babesiosis Texto completo
2009
E.C. Myburgh | A. Goddard
Accurate measurements of serum aminotransferase (ALT) activity in dogs relies on the endogenous pro-enzyme pyridoxal 5-phosphate (P5P). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the exclusion of P5P from the analytical method causes an underestimation of serum ALT activity in dogs suffering from babesiosis and in those manifesting evidence of hepatocellular damage, and to determine if anorexia causes sufficient P5P depletion to affect in vitro serum ALT activity. One-hundred-and-twenty healthy control dogs and 105 Babesia-infected dogs were included in the study. Two methods for ALT measurement were used: Method 1 included P5P, and Method 2 excluded P5P from the reaction mixture. Higher serum ALT activity was measured with Method 1 in the Babesia-infected dogs (P < 0.001), as well as in 14 dogs with suspected hepatocellular damage (P = 0.03). Duration of anorexia had no effect, irrespective of the method used. Although inclusion of P5P to the reaction mixture consistently resulted in higher measured serum ALT activity, the differences were too small to have led to incorrect diagnoses in the Babesia-infected dogs suspected of liver disease.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Responses of serum electrolytes of goats to twelve hours of road transportation during the hot-dry season in Nigeria, and the effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid Texto completo
2009
Ayo, J.O.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology) | Minka, N.S.(Ahmadu Bello University College of Agriculture and Animal Science Division of Agricultural Colleges) | Sackey, A.K.B.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery and Medicine) | Adelaiye, A.B.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology)
Responses of serum electrolytes of goats to twelve hours of road transportation during the hot-dry season in Nigeria, and the effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid Texto completo
2009
Ayo, J.O.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology) | Minka, N.S.(Ahmadu Bello University College of Agriculture and Animal Science Division of Agricultural Colleges) | Sackey, A.K.B.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery and Medicine) | Adelaiye, A.B.(Ahmadu Bello University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology)
Twenty goats which served as the experimental group were administered ascorbic acid (AA) per os at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body mass, while 20 others served as controls and were given 10 ml each of sterile water. Forty minutes after the administration and loading, the goats were transported for 12 h. Handling and loading of the experimental and control groups of goats decreased (p< 0.05) the potassium and sodium serum concentrations. The concentration of serum chloride, sodium and calcium increased significantly (p< 0.05) immediately post-transportation, while potassium and magnesium decreased (p < 0.05) in the control goats. In AA-treated goats sodium and magnesium concentrations decreased abruptly (p< 0.05), while calcium increased significantly (p< 0.05) after transportation. Handling, loading and transportation adversely affected the electrolyte balance of the goats which suggested respiratory alkalosis, dehydration and muscular damage in the transported goats, and the administration of AA alleviated the adverse effects of road transportation stress on serum electrolytes.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Responses of serum electrolytes of goats to twelve hours of road transportation during the hot-dry season in Nigeria, and the effect of pretreatment with ascorbic acid Texto completo
2009
J.O. Ayo | N.S. Minka | A.K.B. Sackey | A.B. Adelaiye
Twenty goats which served as the experimental group were administered ascorbic acid (AA) per os at a dosage rate of 100 mg/kg body mass, while 20 others served as controls and were given 10 mt each of sterile water. Forty minutes after the administration and loading, the goats were transported for 12 h. Handling and loading of the experimental and control groups of goats decreased (P < 0.05) the potassium and sodium serum concentrations. The concentration of serum chloride, sodium and calcium increased significantly (P< 0.05) immediately post-transportation, while potassium and magnesium decreased (P < 0.05) in the control goats. In AA-treated goats sodium and magnesium concentrations decreased abruptly (P< 0.05), while calcium increased significantly (P< 0.05) after transportation. Handling, loading and transportation adversely affected the electrolyte balance of the goats which suggested respiratory alkalosis, dehydration and muscular damage in the transported goats, and the administration of AA alleviated the adverse effects of road transportation stress on serum electrolytes.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Brody effect induced by premature ventricular complexes in the ovine heart Texto completo
2009
Ker, J.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology) | Webb, E.C.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences) | van Papendorp, D.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology)
The Brody effect induced by premature ventricular complexes in the ovine heart Texto completo
2009
Ker, J.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology) | Webb, E.C.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences Department of Animal and Wildlife Sciences) | van Papendorp, D.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology)
The QRS response of the electrocardiogram to bleeding has been a source of interest to the physiologist for more than a century. Studies in the dog, cat and chicken have shown a reduction in QRS amplitude in response to bleeding. This effect has been explained by the so-called Brody effect, in which the intraventricular mass of blood acts as a conducting medium, augmenting radial conduction, thus resulting in the subsequent reduction in QRS amplitude in conditions where the intraventricular mass of blood is reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Brody effect will be present in the ovine heart and, furthermore, to evaluate if the right and left ventricles will demonstrate the same QRS change if the Brody effect is indeed present. This study clearly demonstrated that the Brody effect is present in the ovine heart. Furthermore, two unique aspects emanating from this study are firstly the fact that this is the first study to show that premature ventricular complexes are able to induce the Brody effect and, secondly that there is a very clear difference in the response of the right and the left ventricles when the Brody effect is induced in the ovine heart.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The Brody effect induced by premature ventricular complexes in the ovine heart Texto completo
2009
J. Ker | E.C. Webb | D. van Papendorp
The QRS response of the electrocardiogram to bleeding has been a source of interest to the physiologist for more than a century. Studies in the dog, cat and chicken have shown a reduction in QRS amplitude in response to bleeding. This effect has been explained by the so-called Brody effect, in which the intraventricular mass of blood acts as a conducting medium, augmenting radial conduction, thus resulting in the subsequent reduction in QRS amplitude in conditions where the intraventricular mass of blood is reduced. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the Brody effect will be present in the ovine heart and, furthermore, to evaluate if the right and left ventricles will demonstrate the same QRS change if the Brody effect is indeed present. This study clearly demonstrated that the Brody effect is present in the ovine heart. Furthermore, two unique aspects emanating from this study are firstly the fact that this is the first study to show that premature ventricular complexes are able to induce the Brody effect and, secondly that there is a very clear difference in the response of the right and the left ventricles when the Brody effect is induced in the ovine heart.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Canine babesiosis Texto completo
2009
Schoeman, J.P.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies)
Canine babesiosis Texto completo
2009
Schoeman, J.P.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies)
Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease affecting humans and many domestic and wild animals. Domestic animals showing appreciable morbidity and mortality include dogs, cats, cattle and horses. Both canine and feline babesiosis are diseases characterised by haemolytic anaemia, icterus and haemoglobinuria. Canine babesiosis can range from chronic or subclinical to peracute and fatal, depending on the virulence of the species and the susceptibility of the host. This paper deals with canine babesiosis with specific reference to pathogenesis, clinical findings, complications, diagnosis and treatment, as well as newly identified prognostic factors in Babesia rossi babesiosis.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Canine babesiosis Texto completo
2015
Yamasaki, M. (Iwate University, Morioka (Japan). Veterinary Small Animal Internal Medicine)
A century of tick taxonomy in South Africa Texto completo
2009
Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
A century of tick taxonomy in South Africa Texto completo
2009
Horak, I.G.(University of Pretoria Onderstepoort Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Eighty ixodid tick species, 25 argasid tick species and Nuttalliella namaqua occur in South Africa. Twenty-one of the 80 ixodid species and two of the argasid species occur only in this country, while N. namaqua is present only in South Africa and Namibia. Forty-six of the 80 ixodid species and 16 of the 25 argasid species as well as N. namaqua have been described as new species since 1908. People working in South Africa have written or contributed to the descriptions of 24 of these 63 new species, while foreign researchers have described the remainder. New species indigenous to South Africa are still being discovered, while the names of some species, well known because of their veterinary importance, have been altered.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Trends in the control of heartwater Texto completo
2009
Allsopp, B.A.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Trends in the control of heartwater Texto completo
2009
Allsopp, B.A.(University of Pretoria Faculty of Veterinary Science Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases)
Heartwater is an economically serious tick-borne disease of ruminants caused by the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium. The disease has traditionally been controlled by four different approaches: controlling the tick vector by dipping, establishing endemic stability, performing immunisation by infection and treatment, and preventing the disease by regular administration of prophylactic antibiotics. The first three of these methods are subject to failure for various epidemiological reasons, and serious disease outbreaks can occur. Prophylaxis is effective, but very expensive, and the logistics are daunting when large herds of animals are involved. The development of a safe, cheap and effective vaccine is the only likely way in which heartwater can be economically controlled, and over the past 15 years three new types of experimental vaccine have been developed: inactivated, attenuated, and recombinant vaccines. These new vaccines have shown varying degrees of promise, but none is as yet sufficiently successful to be marketable. We describe the experimental products, and the various technical and biological difficulties which are being encountered, and report on ways in which new technologies are being used to improve vaccine effectiveness.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Serum elimination profiles of methyllycaconitine and deltaline in cattle following oral administration of larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) Texto completo
2009
Green, Benedict T. | Welch, Kevin D. | Gardner, Dale R. | Stegelmeier, Bryan L. | Davis, T Zane | Cook, Daniel | Lee, Stephen T. | Pfister, James A. | Panter, Kip E.
Objective--To describe the simple elimination kinetics of methyllycaconitine (MLA) and deltaline and evaluate the heart rate response in cattle following oral administration of larkspur. Animals--5 healthy Angus steers that were habituated to metabolism crates. Procedures--Tall larkspur (Delphinium barbeyi) in the early flowering stage was collected, dried, and ground. Each steer received a single dose of larkspur that was equivalent to 10.4 mg of MLA/kg and 11.0 mg of deltaline/kg via oral administration. Steers were housed in metabolism crates during a 96-hour period following larkspur administration; heart rate was monitored continuously, and blood samples were collected periodically for analysis of serum MLA and deltaline concentrations as well as assessment of pharmacokinetic parameters. Results--No overt clinical signs of poisoning developed in any steer during the experiment. Mean ± SE heart rate reached a maximum of 79.0 ± 5.0 beats/min at 17 hours after larkspur administration. Serum MLA concentration was correlated directly with heart rate. Mean times to maximal serum concentration of MLA and deltaline were 8.8 ± 1.2 hours and 5.0 ± 0.6 hours, respectively. Mean elimination half-life values for MLA and deltaline were 20.5 ± 4.1 hours and 8.2 ± 0.6 hours, respectively. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--Following larkspur administration in 5 healthy steers, maximum serum concentrations of MLA and deltaline were detected within 10 hours, and changes in serum MLA concentration and heart rate were correlated. Results indicated that cattle that have consumed larkspur will eliminate 99% of MLA and deltaline from serum within 144 hours.
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