This report describes the genetics of the prion protein gene (PRNP) at codons 136, 154, and 171 for sheep diagnosed with naturally acquired classical scrapie in Canada between 1998 and 2008. Genotyping analysis was performed on 249 sheep with confirmed classical scrapie infection representing 98 flocks from 6 provinces. A further case-control analysis of 3 of these flocks compared the genotypes between infected sheep (n = 72) and those of their healthy flockmates (n = 1990). The incidence of classical scrapie in the Canadian sheep population was highly associated with the ARQ haplotype (91.8%) and the ARQ/ARQ genotype (91.6%). In addition, the ARQ haplotype was found at significantly higher frequency in scrapie-infected sheep when compared with their healthy flockmates. Comparison with other published data suggests that the scrapie risk of PRNP genotypes differs between Canada and countries where the VRQ allele is associated with the highest susceptibility to infection.

This study assessed the protective efficacy of oral vaccination with 2 experimental attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium-vectored vaccines for necrotic enteritis in protecting chickens against intestinal colonization by common serovars of Salmonella belonging to the 4 major serogroups affecting chickens. Birds were vaccinated orally with 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of 1 of the vaccine strains χ9241 and χ9352, which express a plasmid-encoded partial recombinant hypothetical protein gene (tHP) of Clostridium perfringens, at days 1 and 7 of age, and then were challenged at 14 d of age with 106 CFU of Salmonella serovars Anatum, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Kentucky, or Typhimurium (representative serovars of serogroups B, C, D, and E). Birds were necropsied at 4 wk of age, and samples were collected to determine reduction in tissue and intestinal colonization. The chickens vaccinated with χ9241-tHP showed reduced colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis (serogroup D) and by Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium (serogroup B) compared with the control birds. No reduction in colonization was observed in the chickens vaccinated with χ9352-tHP. There was an association between the efficacy of these vaccine strains in protecting against necrotic enteritis, assessed on an earlier occasion, and their efficacy in protecting against Salmonella colonization. Thus, the choice of an attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine vector for delivery of heterologous antigens to chickens should be based partly on the vaccine’s value in protecting against colonization by serovars within serogroups B and D. Such vectors would have the additional benefit of reducing colonization of important Salmonella serovars.

Glycoprotein 5 (GP5) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been studied extensively as a target for vaccine development. This study evaluated the serodiagnostic application of PRRSV GP5 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two immunodominant peptides (VR #1 and VR #2) and two neutralizing ectodomain-containing peptides (Ecto #1 and Ecto #2), as well as recombinant GP5 (rGP5) as a control, were prepared. Serum from unvaccinated pigs was screened for the antibodies that bind to these peptide and protein antigens. The results were compared with those from a commercially available diagnostic ELISA kit (HerdChek), which uses the nucleocapsid (N) protein as an antigen. Only VR #1+#2 showed a result statistically similar to that of N protein. Ecto #1 and Ecto #2 had a lower sensitivity than VR #1+#2 and rGP5. The peptides and rGP5 showed significant associations with the N protein (P < 0.05 or 0.01), which suggests that GP5 may also be a candidate serodiagnostic antigen. Since antibodies against GP5 persist much longer than those against the N protein, GP5 itself and some of its fragments are thought to be good targets for serodiagnosis. In addition, the presence of antibodies against the PRRSV structural antigens showed significant antigen-dependent differences.

The purpose of this investigation was to study lateral palmar nerve (LPN) and medial palmar nerve (MPN) morphology and determine nociception and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) following placement of continuous peripheral nerve block (CPNB) catheters along LPN and MPN with subsequent bupivacaine (BUP) infusion. Myelinated nerve fiber distribution in LPN and MPN was examined after harvesting nerve specimens in 3 anesthetized horses and processing them for morphometric analysis. In 5 sedated horses, CPNB catheters were placed along each PN in both forelimbs. Horses then received in one forelimb 3 mL 0.125% BUP containing epinephrine 1:200 000 and 0.04% NaHCO3 per catheter site followed by 2 mL/h infusion over a 6-day period, while in the other forelimb equal amounts of saline (SAL) solution were administered. The hoof withdrawal response (HWR) threshold during pressure loading of the area above the dorsal coronary band was determined daily in both forelimbs. On day 6 SNCV was measured under general anesthesia of horses in each limb’s LPN and MPN to detect nerve injury, followed by CPNB catheter removal. The SNCV was also recorded in 2 anesthetized non-instrumented horses (sham controls). In both LPN and MPN myelinated fiber distributions were bimodal. The fraction of large fibers (>7 μm) was greater in the MPN than LPN (P < 0.05). Presence of CPNB catheters and SAL administration did neither affect measured HWR thresholds nor SNCVs, whereas BUP infusion suppressed HWRs. In conclusion, CPNB with 0.125% BUP provides pronounced analgesia by inhibiting sensory nerve conduction in the distal equine forelimb.

ABSTRACT Bacteriological, cytological and biochemical testing were performed on synovial fluid of 100 (50 female and 50 male) slaughtered cows seen in Basrah slaughter house. The bacterial isolation revealed that the incidence of infected caw was 17(34%) in female and 11(22%) in male. Bacterial isolates include Staphylococcus aureus and Corynobacterium pyogenes. The results of biochemical testing indicate that mucin clot test varied from poor to fair clotting, the total protein of infected animals significantly higher than that of control group. While the cytological analysis showed that the total leuckocytic count was significantly higher (P

The synthesis of (C16H14N3O2) ligand and (Cu2C32H28N6O12S2) complex are prepared in this work . The newly prepared compounds were characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis . The determination of the antimicrobial activity of ligand and its complex was carried out on sample of Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumonia , Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus . The quantitative antimicrobial activity test results proved that all the prepared compounds are very active against Bacillus cereus and that complex very active against Escherichia coli.. Quantum mechanical calculation confirmed the assumption of stability of prepared compounds which agreement with antimicrobial activity results .

In this study 15 rabbits were divided into three groups ,each group contain five rabbit were submitted to surgical section in the skin layer 3-5 cm long after anasethesia and cleaning the part from the hair by sheaving . The surgical section was made by scable and then the wound sutured by silk band 2.5 cm and then administrated the dexamethasone 1 mg / Kg body weight of animals of second and third grougs of this study . After that the skin spicemen were taken for histopathological sections to preperd slid. The first group was considered as control with no administrated of dexamthasone , the second group treated as 1 mg / Kg body weight dexamthasone and sections were taken after 7th days , the third group were also treated with dexamthasone at the 1 mg /Kg and the skin sample were taken after 14 th days. The present study it was found that dexamthasone have no effect on the wound healing after 7th days or 14th days but the collagenization , epithelization and fibroblast content were less in the dexamthasone group compered with control group . The vasicularity and the degree of inflammatory cells were more intense in the dexamthasone group compared with control group.

Liver and lung samples (25 for each) were collected from slaughtered cows and examend bacteriologicaly for the presence of Escherichia coli Eosin-Methylene Blue ( EMB ) and MacConkey agar positive culture (15 from liver and 12 from lung) were produced by cultivation of liver and lung samples Escherichia coli presence was confirmed biochemically in 53.3% of liver isolates and in 33.3% of lung isolates. Enterohemolytic activity was detected in 75%of both liver and lung isolates

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the minimum active dilution of two standardized type, representative honeys from two bees farm for 7 clinical isolates of coagulates-negative staphylococci. An agar incorporation technique was used to determine the minimum active dilution, with dilution steps for 1% (v/v) honey and 5% (v/v) for sugar syrup .The plates were inoculated with 10 µL spots of cultures of the isolates. the pasture honey inhibited at mean SD3.2± 0.7% (v/v),3.3 ± 0.5% (v/v) for the Manuk honey and 30.9 ± 1.9% (v/v) for the sugar syrup. Typical honeys are about eight times more potent against coagulase-negative staphylococci than bacterial inhibition were due to their osmolarity alone, but also the activity of honey by having its content

Open wounds have lost the barrier that protects tissues from bacterial invasion and allowfor the escape of vital fluids. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the enhancing oftherapeutic effect of Low Level Laser (LLL) and chitosan on the acceleration of openwound healing. Forty two adult rabbits were used. They divided into three equal groups (I,II and III). Wound was produced at the dorsal region by remove all thickness of skin atwidth of 3.5cm and of length 4 cm. Group I was left without treatment, while chitosanpowder and laser therapy were used in group II and III respectively. Results of two groupswere compared with control group. Histpathologicl results at the period of 3, 7, 14, 21 and28 days post operation reflected the presence of large number of fibroblast with formationof new blood vessels, also the collagen fiber become dense and regular in 14 days postoperation in irradiated groups. In 21days there was formation of new and normal epidermalclosed the rupture area of III group.