Xylazine hydrochloride is a widely used analgesic, sedative and muscle relaxant in veterinary clinic. Yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine are known as antagonists of xylazine hydrochloride. This paper investigated whether or not there exists an antagonism of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine to xylazine hydrochloride. After xylazine hydrochloride administration, the gizzard motility in chicken was instantly inhibited in relaxation state, and this state was prolonged as the dose was increased. After yohimbine hydrochloride administration, the gizzard motility in chicken showed increase of contractile frequency. After 4-aminopyridine administration, the gizzard motility in chicken was gradually recovered next to decrease of contractile amplitude and frequency. After the combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine administration, the gizzard motility in chicken showed increase of amplitude and radical increase of frequency. After xylazine hydrochloride administration, the relaxation time was shortened by yohimbine hydrochloride, 4-aminopyridine and the combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine. In conclusion, the gizzard motility in chicken was inhibited by xylazine hydrochloride, and this effect was antagonized by combination of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine

The present study was carried out to investigate the estrous behavior and vaginal smear after induction of estus with exogenous hormones in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. In a total of 21 bitches(Mixed breed: 16, Jindo breed: 5), from 10 months to 5 years of age and weighing 8 to 15 kg the change of vaginal smear and the estrous behavior before and after induction of estrus was studied. In the treatment A(They were given the PGF2alpha, estrone, estradiol-17beta, PMSG and HCG) proestrus commenced in 10.16+-1.44(Mean+-SEM) days after treatment. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus was 7.50+-1.44 and 13.50+-3.44 days, respectively. In the treatment B(They were given the PMSG and HCG) proestrus commenced in 5.53+-0.59 days after treatment. The mean duration of proestrus and estrus was 6.60+-0.71 and 14.60+-1.14 days, respectively. All of the 6 bitches in the treatment A showed vulval swelling and vaginal discharge. 14 of the 15 bitches in the treatment B showed vulval swelling and vaginal discharge. However, all of the treatment A and B showed male acceptance. The main change of vaginal smear in proestrus and estrus after induction of estrus was an increase in the proportion of anuclear and superficial cells associated with a decrease in small intermediate and parabasal cells. By the estrous behavior and vaginal smear the estrus was induced in all the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches

Attempts were made to determine the clinical features and the causative organism of ringworm occurring in a cat in Chinju city, Korea. Alopecia and greyish white crusty lesions were obseved around the eye, nose and posterior limb while irregular, partial loss of hairs and white scales were in the ear, neck and abdomen lesions. Direct microscopic and cultural examination were carried out for the hairs and crusts taken from the skin lesions, and the causative organism was identified as M. canis

To examine the selectivity of diltiazem, used in the cardiovascular diseases, on alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor-induced pressor responses, effect of diltiazem on alpha-adrenoceptor agonist-induced pressor responses were investigated in urethane-anesthetized rabbits and spinal rabbits. Intravenous diltiazem(10,30,100,300,1000 micro g/kg) produced dose-dependent depressor response in rabbits. Pressor responses to intravenous norepinephrine(10 micro g/kg) and phenylephrine (30 micro g/kg) were inhibited by pretreatment with intravenous diltiazem in rabbits and no difference was noted between the degree of both inhibitions of the pressor response by diltiazem. Pressor responses to intravenous norepinephrine (3 micro g/kg), phenylephrine (20 micro g/kg) and clonidine (300 micro g/kg) were inhibited by pretreatment with intravenous diltiazem in spinal rabbits. No difference was noted between the inhibition of norepinephrine-induced pressor response and that of phenylephrine-induced pressor response by diltiazem. The inhibition of clonidine-induced pressor response by diltiazem was slightly more prominent than that of norepinephrine-or phenylephrine-induced pressor response. These results suggest that diltiazem significantly inhibits both pressor responses mediated by alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptors

In the course of studying porcine enterovirus infection in piglets, the vascular endothelial cells in the CNS of colostrum-deprived piglets with polioence-phalomyelitis were investigated by electron microscope. The experimental piglets were orally infected with the porcine enterovirus serogroup 3 isolated in Korea and necropsied at 7 days postinoculation. Crystalline arrays of viral particles were found in the vascular endothelial cells of the spinal cord and cerebellum. Aggregates of immature viral particles were occasionally observed in the vascular endothelial cells in the meninges. The rough ER was deprived of ribosomes, irregularly dilated and associated with viral crystals. There were abundant cytoplasmic filaments, dilatation of perivascular space, perivascular cuffing, and the partial disruptions of endothelial cell membrane and basal lamina

The In vitro drug susceptibility of 83 strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica recoverd from Korean pigs with atrophic rhinitis was investigated by the use of disk diffusion method. The majority of the organisms were highly resistant in order of prevalence to penicillin (98.7%), ampicillin(91.5%), streptomycin (90.3%), triple sulfa (83.1%), and trimethoprim/sulfamet-hoxazole (70.7%) while none of them were resistant to gentamicin, only 3.6% to colistin, chloramphenicol and kanamycin and 6.0% to tetracycline. The percentage of the organism resistant to bicozamycin, cephalothin and neomycin were 34.9%, 34.1% and 18.4%, respectively. A high prevalence of multiple drug resistance was observed and the 3 most common resistant patterns among 35 patterns noted were Am Pc Sm Sss Sxt(26.5%), Am Cf Pc Sm Sss Sxt(12%) and Am Bm Pc Sm Sss Sxt(9.6%) patterns

This study was performed to investigate the effect of gestation on the histological and histochemical changes of the uterine cervix of the native Korean cattle. A total of 110 cows obtained from the chonbuk abattoir were divided into six groups. The 1st group was of 9 non-pregnant cows and 101 singleton pregnant cows were grouped into 5 groups from pregnant I to pregnant V according to gestation periods by means of crown rump length measures. For light microscopy the tissues were fixed in 10% neutral formalin and processed routinely for paraffin sections. The 6um sections were taken and stained with H-E, Alcian blue pH 1.0, Alcian blue pH 2.5, Alcian blue pH 2.5/PAS, PAS reaction, toluidin blue, and trichrome. The cervical lengths and widths were increased in relation to advancing gestation. The cervical mucosubstance was composed of mixed mucopolysaccharides; the acid mucus was increased from the early pregnant state but the neutral mucus was found after pregnant IV, and the mucus was stained deeply in each staining in the fold cavity in according to gestation state.

Regional distribution and relative frequency of endocrine cells in ten portions of the gastrointestinal tract of the Korean native cattle were observed by immunocytochemical methods using specific antisera against chromogranin, serotonin, somatostatin, glucagon, bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP), motilin, gastric inhibitory polypetide (GIP), neurotensin, secretin, gastrin and substance P. In the abomasum, chromograin-, serotonin-, somatostatin-, motilin-, glucagon-, gastrin-, and substance P-immunoreactive cells were found. Chromogranin- and serotonin- and serotonin-immunoreactive cells were more numerous in the fundic region than pyloric region. Somatostatin- and gastrin- immunoreactive cells were numerous in the pyloric region than in the fundic region. In the large intestine, chromogranin-, serotonin- and BPP-immunoreactive cells were widely distributed and most numerous in the rectum. Somatostatin-, glucagon- and substance P-immunoreactive cells were rarely seen in the large intestine

This study was designed to elucidate the effects of iron, a well known catalyst of lipid peroxidation, on the contents of phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids composed in phospholipid molecules and their derivatives, prostaglandins, and the composition changes of fatty acids contained in phospholipids. Iron decreased the contents of phospholipids and its components of unsaturated fatty acids. Catalytic action of iron decreased the composition rates of linoleate and linolenate composed in phospholipid molecules, while that of arachidonate was inclined to increase. The content of arachidonate was increased and that of prostaglandins was decreased without regard to increase the precursor of prostaglandins. It may be concluded that the decreases of the activities of prostaglandins and the increase of arachidonate are due to inhibition of the activities of enzyme systems responsible for prostaglandin synthesis by lipid peroxides produced by the catalyst of iron

The phenotypes of hemoglobin, albumin and transferrin of 302 Jindo dogs in Jindo area were studied by starch gel electrophoresis for hemoglobin and albumin, and by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis for transferrin. In the hemoglobin phenotypes, three phenotypes, HbAA, HbAB and HbBB, which were controlled by two allelic genes, Hb** (A) and Hb** (B), were observed and their frequencies of appearance were 1.65%, 10.60% and 87.75% respectively. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.0695 in Hb** (A) and 0.9305 in Hb** (B). In the albumin phenotypes, three phenotypes, Alb FF, Alb FS and Alb SS, which were controlled by two allelic genes, Alb** (F) and Alb** (S) were observed and their frequencies of appearance were 12.59%, 25.56% and 61.85% respectively. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.2537 in Alb** (F) and 0.7463 in Alb** (S). Analysis of transferrin phenotypes showed 6 different types which were controlled by three allelic genes, Tf** (B), Tf** (C) and Tf** (D), and their frequencies of appearance were 54.04% in TfBB, 17.54% in TfBC, 9.82% in TfBD, 8.07% in TfCC, 7.37% in TfCD and 3.16% in TfDD. The distribution of gene frequency was calculated as 0.6772 in Tf** (B), 0.2053 in Tf** (C) and 0.1175 in Tf** (D)