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Application of two staining methods for sperm morphometric evaluation in domestic pigs Texto completo
2017
Kondracki, Stanisław | Wysokińska, Anna | Kania, Magdalena | Górski, Krzysztof
Application of two staining methods for sperm morphometric evaluation in domestic pigs Texto completo
2017
Kondracki, Stanisław | Wysokińska, Anna | Kania, Magdalena | Górski, Krzysztof
Introduction: The effect of two smear staining methods on the dimensions and shape of sperm cells in the semen of domestic pigs was evaluated. Material and Methods: The studies were carried out on 30 ejaculates collected from 15 boars, which included five Duroc boars, five Pietrain boars, and five hybrid Duroc × Pietrain boars. Each ejaculate was next sampled to make two microscopic slides, of which one was stained with eosin-nigrosin and the other with eosin-gentian dye. In total, 600 measurements of sperm cells were made. Each sperm was measured for the following morphometric parameters: head length, head width, head area, head perimeter, tail length, and the total sperm length. Results: Sperms measured on slides stained with eosin-nigrosin showed lower dimensions as compared with those stained with the eosin-gentian dye method. Sperm stained with eosin-nigrosin had shorter and narrower heads than sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The method of staining, therefore, affected not only the dimensions of the sperm, but also the proportions of the dimensions defining the shape of the sperm. Conclusions: The size and shape parameters in porcine sperm may take on different values depending on the method of semen staining. Sperm cells stained with eosin-nigrosin are smaller than the sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The sensitivity of the sperm to the type of dye used for the fixation may be associated with genetic factors.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Application of two staining methods for sperm morphometric evaluation in domestic pigs Texto completo
2017
Kondracki Stanisław | Wysokińska Anna | Kania Magdalena | Górski Krzysztof
Introduction: The effect of two smear staining methods on the dimensions and shape of sperm cells in the semen of domestic pigs was evaluated. Material and Methods: The studies were carried out on 30 ejaculates collected from 15 boars, which included five Duroc boars, five Pietrain boars, and five hybrid Duroc × Pietrain boars. Each ejaculate was next sampled to make two microscopic slides, of which one was stained with eosin-nigrosin and the other with eosin-gentian dye. In total, 600 measurements of sperm cells were made. Each sperm was measured for the following morphometric parameters: head length, head width, head area, head perimeter, tail length, and the total sperm length. Results: Sperms measured on slides stained with eosin-nigrosin showed lower dimensions as compared with those stained with the eosin-gentian dye method. Sperm stained with eosin-nigrosin had shorter and narrower heads than sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The method of staining, therefore, affected not only the dimensions of the sperm, but also the proportions of the dimensions defining the shape of the sperm. Conclusions: The size and shape parameters in porcine sperm may take on different values depending on the method of semen staining. Sperm cells stained with eosin-nigrosin are smaller than the sperm stained with eosin-gentian dye. The sensitivity of the sperm to the type of dye used for the fixation may be associated with genetic factors.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland Texto completo
2017
Drozd, Łukasz | Ziomek, Monika | Szkucik, Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz, Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka, Monika | Bełkot, Zbigniew | Gondek, Michał
Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland Texto completo
2017
Drozd, Łukasz | Ziomek, Monika | Szkucik, Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz, Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka, Monika | Bełkot, Zbigniew | Gondek, Michał
Introduction: The objective of the present research was to carry out a comparative assessment of copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations in the meat of edible land snails collected in Poland (Helix pomatia, Cornu aspersum maxima, and Cornu aspersum aspersum), as well as to determine the effect of preliminary processing of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) on the content of the aforementioned elements. Material and Methods: In the first stage, determinations were made on unprocessed snail meat. In the second stage, the study focused on Roman snails and consisted in an additional evaluation of frozen meat after full processing. Zinc and copper contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the selenium content was established by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The selenium content differed significantly among all three species. The copper content in Roman snails differed significantly from that in farmed snails. No significant difference in the zinc level was noted among the three snail species. The selenium content in raw and processed meat of Roman snails did not show any significant difference while the copper and zinc level was significantly higher in processed meat samples. Conclusion: The present research on the meat of edible snails showed different levels of selenium, copper, and zinc, depending on the species, collection site, and subjection to processing.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Selenium, copper, and zinc concentrations in the raw and processed meat of edible land snails harvested in Poland Texto completo
2017
Drozd Łukasz | Ziomek Monika | Szkucik Krzysztof | Paszkiewicz Waldemar | Maćkowiak-Dryka Monika | Bełkot Zbigniew | Gondek Michał
Introduction: The objective of the present research was to carry out a comparative assessment of copper, zinc, and selenium concentrations in the meat of edible land snails collected in Poland (Helix pomatia, Cornu aspersum maxima, and Cornu aspersum aspersum), as well as to determine the effect of preliminary processing of Roman snails (Helix pomatia) on the content of the aforementioned elements. Material and Methods: In the first stage, determinations were made on unprocessed snail meat. In the second stage, the study focused on Roman snails and consisted in an additional evaluation of frozen meat after full processing. Zinc and copper contents were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and the selenium content was established by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The selenium content differed significantly among all three species. The copper content in Roman snails differed significantly from that in farmed snails. No significant difference in the zinc level was noted among the three snail species. The selenium content in raw and processed meat of Roman snails did not show any significant difference while the copper and zinc level was significantly higher in processed meat samples. Conclusion: The present research on the meat of edible snails showed different levels of selenium, copper, and zinc, depending on the species, collection site, and subjection to processing.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota of cloacal samples from European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Texto completo
2017
Merkeviciene, Lina | Ruzauskaite, Neda | Klimiene, Irena | Siugzdiniene, Rita | Dailidaviciene, Jurgita | Virgailis, Marius | Mockeliunas, Raimundas | Ruzauskas, Modestas
Microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota of cloacal samples from European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Texto completo
2017
Merkeviciene, Lina | Ruzauskaite, Neda | Klimiene, Irena | Siugzdiniene, Rita | Dailidaviciene, Jurgita | Virgailis, Marius | Mockeliunas, Raimundas | Ruzauskas, Modestas
Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine microbiota in the cloacal samples of European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and to compare a variety of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria. Material and Methods: Cloacal samples from European herring gulls were collected from a Kaunas city dump. Cultivable microbiota were isolated, their microbial susceptibility was tested, and genes encoding antimicrobial resistance were detected. Additionally, a metagenomic study was performed using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Results: In total, 697 different operational taxonomic units at genus level were detected; however, only 63 taxonomic units were detected at the amount of ≥0.1% of the total number of DNA copies. Catellicoccus marimammalium was found to have the highest prevalence. The bacterial amount of other genera was up to 5% with the most highly prevalent being Psychrobacter (4.7%), Helicobacter (4.5%), unclassified Enterococcaceae (3.2%), Pseudomonas (2.9%), and Brachyspira (2.6%). Conclusions: C. marimammalium are predominant microbiota in the cloacal samples of Larus argentatus. This species of gulls is a reservoir of bacteria carrying a wide-spectrum of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance. The same genes were detected in both cultivable microbiota and in the total DNA of the samples.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Microbiome and antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota of cloacal samples from European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) Texto completo
2017
Merkeviciene Lina | Ruzauskaite Neda | Klimiene Irena | Siugzdiniene Rita | Dailidaviciene Jurgita | Virgailis Marius | Mockeliunas Raimundas | Ruzauskas Modestas
Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine microbiota in the cloacal samples of European herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and to compare a variety of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance in cultivable and non-cultivable bacteria.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Serological survey of the influenza A virus in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds in 2011–2015 Texto completo
2017
Czyżewska-Dors, Ewelina | Dors, Arkadiusz | Kwit, Krzysztof | Pejsak, Zygmunt | Pomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
Serological survey of the influenza A virus in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds in 2011–2015 Texto completo
2017
Czyżewska-Dors, Ewelina | Dors, Arkadiusz | Kwit, Krzysztof | Pejsak, Zygmunt | Pomorska-Mól, Małgorzata
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds.Material and Methods: Serum samples collected from 5,952 pigs, from 145 farrow-to-finish herds were tested for the presence of antibodies against H1N1, H1N1pdm09, H1N2, and H3N2 SIV subtypes using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. Samples with HI titres equal or higher than 20 were considered positive.Results: HI antibodies to at least one of the analysed SIV subtypes were detected in 129 (89%) herds and in 2,263 (38%) serum samples. Antibodies to multiple SIV subtypes were detected in 104 (71.7%) herds and in 996 (16.7%) serum samples. Concerning the seroprevalence rate, according to age category, the highest prevalence of the antibodies was detected in weaners, with regard to the H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2, and in sows, with regard to the H1N1pdm09. The lowest seroprevalence for all evaluated SIV subtypes was detected in finishers.Conclusion: The study indicates that antibodies against single and multiple SIV subtypes are circulating in Polish farrow-to-finish herds and highlights the importance of conducting a molecular surveillance programme in future studies.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Serological survey of the influenza A virus in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds in 2011–2015 Texto completo
2017
Czyżewska-Dors Ewelina | Dors Arkadiusz | Kwit Krzysztof | Pejsak Zygmunt | Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata
Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of swine influenza A virus (SIV) in Polish farrow-to-finish pig herds.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of packaging methods on shelf life of ratite meats Texto completo
2017
Horbańczuk, Olaf K. | Wierzbicka, Agnieszka
Effects of packaging methods on shelf life of ratite meats Texto completo
2017
Horbańczuk, Olaf K. | Wierzbicka, Agnieszka
Over the last years a growing demand for ratite meat, including ostrich, emu, and rhea has been observed in the world. Ratite meat is recognised as a dietetic product because of low level of fat, high share of PUFA, favourable n6/n3 ratio, and higher amounts of iron content in comparison with beef and chicken meat. The abundance of bioactive compounds, e.g. PUFA, makes ratite meat highly susceptible to oxidation processes. Moreover, pH over 6 creates favourable environment for fast microbial growth during storage conditions affecting its shelf life. However, availability of information on ratite meat shelf life among consumers and industry is still limited. Thus, the aim of the present review is to provide current information about the effect of ratite meat packaging type, i.e. air packaging, vacuum packaging with skin pack, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), on its shelf life quality during storage, including technological and nutritional properties.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of packaging methods on shelf life of ratite meats Texto completo
2017
Horbańczuk Olaf K. | Wierzbicka Agnieszka
Over the last years a growing demand for ratite meat, including ostrich, emu, and rhea has been observed in the world. Ratite meat is recognised as a dietetic product because of low level of fat, high share of PUFA, favourable n6/n3 ratio, and higher amounts of iron content in comparison with beef and chicken meat. The abundance of bioactive compounds, e.g. PUFA, makes ratite meat highly susceptible to oxidation processes. Moreover, pH over 6 creates favourable environment for fast microbial growth during storage conditions affecting its shelf life. However, availability of information on ratite meat shelf life among consumers and industry is still limited. Thus, the aim of the present review is to provide current information about the effect of ratite meat packaging type, i.e. air packaging, vacuum packaging with skin pack, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), on its shelf life quality during storage, including technological and nutritional properties.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]In silico analysis of virulence associated genes in genomes of Escherichia coli strains causing colibacillosis in poultry Texto completo
2017
Kołsut, Joanna | Borówka, Paulina | Marciniak, Błażej | Wójcik, Ewelina | Wojtasik, Arkadiusz | Strapagiel, Dominik | Dastych, Jarosław
In silico analysis of virulence associated genes in genomes of Escherichia coli strains causing colibacillosis in poultry Texto completo
2017
Kołsut, Joanna | Borówka, Paulina | Marciniak, Błażej | Wójcik, Ewelina | Wojtasik, Arkadiusz | Strapagiel, Dominik | Dastych, Jarosław
Introduction: Colibacillosis – the most common disease of poultry, is caused mainly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). However, thus far, no pattern to the molecular basis of the pathogenicity of these bacteria has been established beyond dispute. In this study, genomes of APEC were investigated to ascribe importance and explore the distribution of 16 genes recognised as their virulence factors. Material and Methods: A total of 14 pathogenic for poultry E. coli strains were isolated, and their DNA was sequenced, assembled de novo, and annotated. Amino acid sequences from these bacteria and an additional 16 freely available APEC amino acid sequences were analysed with the DIFFIND tool to define their virulence factors. Results: The DIFFIND tool enabled quick, reliable, and convenient assessment of the differences between compared amino acid sequences from bacterial genomes. The presence of 16 protein sequences indicated as pathogenicity factors in poultry resulted in the generation of a heatmap which categorises genomes in terms of the existence and similarity of the analysed protein sequences. Conclusion: The proposed method of detection of virulence factors using the capabilities of the DIFFIND tool may be useful in the analysis of similarities of E. coli and other sequences deriving from bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis resulted in reliable segregation of 30 APEC strains into five main clusters containing various virulence associated genes (VAGs).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]In silico analysis of virulence associated genes in genomes of Escherichia coli strains causing colibacillosis in poultry Texto completo
2017
Kołsut Joanna | Borówka Paulina | Marciniak Błażej | Wójcik Ewelina | Wojtasik Arkadiusz | Strapagiel Dominik | Dastych Jarosław
Introduction: Colibacillosis – the most common disease of poultry, is caused mainly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). However, thus far, no pattern to the molecular basis of the pathogenicity of these bacteria has been established beyond dispute. In this study, genomes of APEC were investigated to ascribe importance and explore the distribution of 16 genes recognised as their virulence factors.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Roles of African swine fever virus structural proteins in viral infection Texto completo
2017
Jia, Ning | Ou, Yunwen | Pejsak, Zygmunt | Zhang, Yongguang | Zhang, Jie
Roles of African swine fever virus structural proteins in viral infection Texto completo
2017
Jia, Ning | Ou, Yunwen | Pejsak, Zygmunt | Zhang, Yongguang | Zhang, Jie
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus and the sole member of the Asfarviridae family. ASFV infects domestic pigs, wild boars, warthogs, and bush pigs, as well as soft ticks (Ornithodoros erraticus), which likely act as a vector. The major target is swine monocyte-macrophage cells. The virus can cause high fever, haemorrhagic lesions, cyanosis, anorexia, and even fatalities in domestic pigs. Currently, there is no vaccine and effective disease control strategies against its spread are culling infected pigs and maintaining high biosecurity standards. African swine fever (ASF) spread to Europe from Africa in the middle of the 20ᵗʰ century, and later also to South America and the Caribbean. Since then, ASF has spread more widely and thus is still a great challenge for swine breeding. The genome of ASFV ranges in length from about 170 to 193 kbp depending on the isolate and contains between 150 and 167 open reading frames (ORFs). The ASFV genome encodes 150 to 200 proteins, around 50 of them structural. The roles of virus structural proteins in viral infection have been described. These proteins, such as pp220, pp62, p72, p54, p30, and CD2v, serve as the major component of virus particles and have roles in attachment, entry, and replication. All studies on ASFV proteins lay a good foundation upon which to clarify the infection mechanism and develop vaccines and diagnosis methods. In this paper, the roles of ASFV structural proteins in viral infection are reviewed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Roles of African swine fever virus structural proteins in viral infection Texto completo
2017
Jia Ning | Ou Yunwen | Pejsak Zygmunt | Zhang Yongguang | Zhang Jie
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, double-stranded DNA virus and the sole member of the Asfarviridae family. ASFV infects domestic pigs, wild boars, warthogs, and bush pigs, as well as soft ticks (Ornithodoros erraticus), which likely act as a vector. The major target is swine monocyte-macrophage cells. The virus can cause high fever, haemorrhagic lesions, cyanosis, anorexia, and even fatalities in domestic pigs. Currently, there is no vaccine and effective disease control strategies against its spread are culling infected pigs and maintaining high biosecurity standards. African swine fever (ASF) spread to Europe from Africa in the middle of the 20th century, and later also to South America and the Caribbean. Since then, ASF has spread more widely and thus is still a great challenge for swine breeding. The genome of ASFV ranges in length from about 170 to 193 kbp depending on the isolate and contains between 150 and 167 open reading frames (ORFs). The ASFV genome encodes 150 to 200 proteins, around 50 of them structural. The roles of virus structural proteins in viral infection have been described. These proteins, such as pp220, pp62, p72, p54, p30, and CD2v, serve as the major component of virus particles and have roles in attachment, entry, and replication. All studies on ASFV proteins lay a good foundation upon which to clarify the infection mechanism and develop vaccines and diagnosis methods. In this paper, the roles of ASFV structural proteins in viral infection are reviewed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of mgc2 gene of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Texto completo
2017
Ehtisham-ul-Haque Syed | Kiran Madiha | Waheed Usman | Younus Muhammad
Introduction:Mycoplasma gallisepticum is considered the most pathogenic and economically significant avian Mycoplasma spp. for the worldwide poultry industry. The aim of this study was to develop a novel and sensitive real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay based on the amplification of its mgc2 gene sequence for its rapid molecular detection in poultry.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]OvSynch protocol and its modifications in the reproduction management of dairy cattle herds – an update Texto completo
2017
Nowicki Arkadiusz | Barański Wojciech | Baryczka Agnieszka | Janowski Tomasz
Current knowledge about the function of the reproductive tract and appropriate use of hormonal drugs affords control of the oestrus cycle of cows. One of the hormonal protocols is OvSynch, which enables artificial insemination (AI) to be performed at the precise optimum time without control of the ovaries and uterus. Use of such protocols in reproductive management allows oestrus cycles to be synchronised and cows to be effectively inseminated without oestrous detection, which is time-consuming and difficult in farms with numerous cows. Therefore, OvSynch has become the first management tool for AI and is an alternative method to heat detection. Over the 20 years since its first implementation, OvSynch has been modified many times to improve its reproduction outcomes and widen its use. Besides its original use for heat synchronisation, it is also used in many ovarian disorders as a therapeutic method. This review article describes the possibilities which OvSynch provides, its current modifications, various applications, and the advantages and disadvantages of its use in practice.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Occurrence of ochratoxin A in animal tissues and feeds in Poland in 2014–2016 Texto completo
2017
Pietruszka Katarzyna | Piątkowska Marta | Jedziniak Piotr
Introduction: Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a toxic metabolite mainly produced by Aspergillus spp. and Penicillum spp. fungi. Research on the contamination of cereals, complete feeds, and tissues with this mycotoxin has indicated that it can be a toxicological problem impacting animal health and food safety in temperate climes. OTA contamination mainly besets the global pig industry, necessitating the monitoring of feeds and animal tissues. The aim of the study was to present the results of the official monitoring of OTA in animal tissues and feeds in Poland in 2014–2016 and determine the possible correlation between the presence of OTA in different types of samples.
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