Canine oral papillomatosis is a contagious and spontaneously regressing benign neoplastic disease of young dogs caused by canine oral papillomavirus. Six dogs of different breeds aged between 1-3 years were presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex with the history of wart like lesions in different parts of the oral cavity. Under Xylazine sedation and 10 % Lignocaine spray representative biopsy sample of wart was surgically excised. Autogenous vaccine was developed and mixed with formalin solution to in activate the virus. Dogs were subjected to inj. Autovaccine 1 ml through subcutaneous route once in a week for 5 weeks. Warts were completely regressed within 4 weeks period after autoimmune therapy. There was no recurrence of papillomatosis among the treated dogs during the follow-up period of 6 months and no adverse effects were recorded.

Recently calved Jersey crossbred primiparous cow was presented with history of in appetence and scanty voiding of dung for past 3 days. On physical examination vital parameters were within normal range. On per rectal examination, there was distended caecum from the pelvic inlet which extended cranially. Per rectal examination revealed distension of caecum which was extended cranially. Simultaneous auscultation and percussion on the right upper flank revealed clear metallic ping sound which extended up to 11th intercostal space on first day. Transabdominal ultrasonographic examination revealed thick semicircular echogenic caecal wall and contents on mid upper flank, extended up to 11th intercostal space. Bethanechol 0.07 mg/kg SID orally along with parenteral fluid therapy was given for 3 days. On fourth day after initiation of therapy the animal voided dung normally and recovered uneventfully.

A nine months male cat was presented with the history of itching and scratching over the face, ears and forelimb since a month. On physical examination alopecia, scales, crusty, thick, wrinkled and leathery lesions were found on the face and ears. All the vitals were within the normal range. Microscopic examination of the skin scrapping revealed Notoedres cati. Further history also revealed the presence of pruritus and cutaneous lesions on the shoulder and arm region of the owner. The cat was treated with Inj.Ivermectin @200 µg/kg along with topical application of sulphur (10%).

Leptospirosis is under diagnosed and under reported in developing countries due to lack of diagnostic facilities. The diagnosis of leptospirosis is complex, because the gold standard tests are not easily available. Though rapid tests are available for the past two decades, they have to be combined with the existing gold standard tests for confirmation of diagnosis. It should be adequate to diagnose leptospirosis with rapid tests. I intend to review the literature from developing countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa and suggest the need for utilizing rapid tests for diagnosis. Leptospirosis can be diagnosed only by diagnostic tests and epidemiological data, such as incidence/ prevalence data cannot be obtained without these tests. Without these data, funding cannot be obtained for diagnostic, treatment and control programs, as without diagnostic tests, leptospirosis would be considered a rare disease. In this article, the various guidelines for the diagnosis of leptospirosis will be discussed.

The quality and quantity of wool production is a function of number and type of wool follicles. Hence a study was conducted to evaluate the follicular characteristics of corriedale sheep, a dual purpose breed established well in the temperate climatic conditions of Kashmir valley. Skin samples of corriedale sheep were collected ethically from different body regions viz; neck, shoulder, thorax, flank and back of both sexes and preserved in 10% neutral buffered formalin. The samples were processed for histomorphlogy. Primary and secondary follicle density and their diameter was recorded. Secondary to primary follicle ratio was also calculated. The study revealed the difference in the follicular density and S/P follicle ratio between the sexes as well as between the body regions. In general, the follicle density and S/P ratio was found higher in the flank and thorax region respectively. Evaluation of the follicular profile at flank and thorax during early period will serve as a reliable predictor for the wool yield and quality. 

Bacterial infection followed by implant fixation is a common complication after surgery. In order to reduce the incidence of implant-associated infections, several biomaterial surface treatments have been proposed. In this study, the effect of in vitro antibacterial activity of magnetron sputtered silver nanoparticles was studied. Sputtering was done using radiofrequency magnetron sputtering technology. Film applicator coating assay was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the coated titanium implants. SEM examination revealed successful deposition of silver nanoparticles on the titanium surface. The average diameter of the nanoparticles was 40-60 nm. SEM examination before incubation and after incubation of bacteria was done. The bactericidal ratio between the uncoated and coated implant was determined.

Oxidative stress is a common mechanism contributing to initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Hence, there is a great demand for the development of agents with potent antioxidant effect. The aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the efficacy of raw and nanoforms of resveratrol and silibinin as a hepatoprotective and an antioxidant against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage. 0.01% diethylnitrosamine administration to rats resulted in significantly elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GSH) and total protein (TP) in the liver tissue. Post-treatment with the nano resveratrol (50 mg/kg), nano silibinin (50 mg/kg), raw resveratrol (50 mg/kg), raw silibinin (50 mg/kg) orally for 30 days significantly reversed the diethylnitrosamine induced alterations in the liver tissue and offered almost complete protection. The results from the present study indicate that both nano forms exhibit good hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential against diethylnitrosamine induced hepatocellular damage in rats as compared to raw forms.

An outbreak of pasteurellosis was recorded in a local Japanese quail farm in Tamil Nadu with a flock capacity of 20,000 birds per batch. Mortality was reported in new arrival of 2000 birds of 14 week old quails. Mortality was recorded to be increasing from third day to 10th day of arrival with a total mortality of 410 birds at the rate of 20 birds per day for three consecutive days and 30 to 60 for seven consecutive days with the history of depression, ruffled feathers, discharge of mucous from the mouth and nostrils, anorexia, diarrhoea and respiratory distress. Necropsy was performed on dead birds which revealed numerous greyish necrotic foci scattered on the entire parenchyma of the liver on gross examination. Heart showed petechial haemorrhages on the pericardium while other organs namely kidney, intestine, spleen and lungs showed only congestion. Impression smear of the liver revealed presence of bipolar organisms on microscopic examination. Cultural examination of heart blood swab and PCR assay carried out on liver tissues confirmed the presence of Pasteurella multocida. Based on the postmortem examination and laboratory findings, diagnosis was confirmed as pasteurellosis and all the other ailing birds were treated with enrofloxacin orally @ 5 mg/kg body weight for 7 days. The treated birds became active with normal feeding habits after 10 days of treatment. 

Mammary tumours are considered as the most important neoplasms in dogs especially in sexually intact female dogs. Prognosis is directly associated with various factors such as tumour size, metastases, involvement of lymph node, tumour type and grade. Recently, tumour microenvironment (TME) has gained huge importance and proved to be a key regulator of breast cancer's biologic behaviour, according to mounting data. The capacity of extracellular matrix components like collagen to alter their intrinsic structure and alignment aids in tumour invasion and metastasis. We present a case study of 25 canine mammary tumours (CMTs), where the stroma associated with the malignancy was specifically considered while histomorphologically analysing the tumours. The majority of the tumours were malignant (96 per cent) and one was identified to be benign. Simple carcinomas made up the majority of tumours, followed by mixed types. Cancer associated stroma was assessed by routine H and E staining and additionally by performing immunohistochemistry technique with anti-cytokeratin antibody to access the relative abundance of neoplastic epithelial cells. Special stains such as Picrosirius red, Masson’s trichrome and Herovici were employed to demonstrate the desmoplastic stromal reaction and varying grades of collagen could be observed in the stroma of different tumours. The extent of fibroplasia was found to be directly proportional to the grade and size of tumour. Thus, results of the present study indicated that the cancer associated stroma significantly in fluence the CMT progression and clinical outcome.

A pregnant graded Murrah buffalo at eight months of gestation in third parity having bilateral distension of abdomen was presented. The case was diagnosed as hydramnios and treated with dinoprost tromethamine, diethyl stilbesterol, valethamate bromide and dexamethasone. After 76 hours, cervix was dilated fully and trans-cervical amniocentesis was performed and approximately 60-70 litres of amniotic fluid was drained and a dead male fetus with cleft palate was delivered.