Fermentation of soybean meal eliminates the anti-nutritional factors of soybean meal making fermented soybean meal a potential lower-cost substitute for animal protein in piglet diets.Fermentation process using bacteria, fungal and yeast strains in soybean meal (SBM) is the novel technique which is used to remove the anti-nutritional factors of SBM. In general, two types of fermentation process namely Solid State Fermentation (SSF) and Liquid or Sub merged State Fermentation (SmF). Numerous studies were carried out to document the beneficial effects of feeding fermented soybean meal. Weaning is a stressful condition to the piglets which accompanied by diarrhoea, some time may lead to death. Antibiotic growth promoters can be added to the piglet diets but it is banned in most of the countries. Fermented soybean meal supplementation can enhance pig growth performance of which the enhancement in feed efficiency is due to the improvement in nutritional value and availability rather than feed intake.The gut microbiota plays a crucialrole in livestock health and disease. Hence, it is necessary to find a mechanism to remove anti nutritional factors along with improved intestinal microbiota thereby producing improved production performance and reduced diarrhoea in piglets. The main objective of this review is to discuss the benefits of feeding fermented soybean meal in piglets. 

The present study was undertaken to identify various constraints faced by urban consumers and to assess the interrelationships between constraint score in consumption of dairy products and the socio-demographic factors. For this research work, Chennai metro city was purposively selected due to its massive urbanization. A total of 195 household dairy products consumers were selected by a simple random sampling procedure from North, Central and South regions of Chennai city (65 from each) and primary data was collected with the help of well-structured and pre tested interview schedule. The results indicated that the major constraints faced byconsumers in consumption of dairy products was in the order of poor accessibility, insufficient supply, poor shopping environment, outlet not open on all the days, non-availability in preferred quantity and poor packaging. The results indicated that the variable, monthly family income was found to be positively influencing the constraint score whereas, family size, hindu religion, educational status of the head of the household and presence of children in the family were found to be negatively influencing constraint score in consumption of fluid milk whereas in case of ghee, khoa and ice cream, the variable, food habit of the family was found to be positivelyinfluencing the constraint score whereas, family size, monthly family income, educational status of the head of the household and presence of children in the family was found to be negatively influencing constraint score in consumption of ghee, khoa and ice cream.

A seven year old intact non-descript male dog was brought to the Madras Veterinary College Small Animal Unit with a history of reduced appetite, vomiting and voiding of dark yellowish urine for the past three days. On physical examination, he had pyrexia, icteric mucous membrane and enlarged lymph nodes. Haematobiochemistry analysis revealed anaemia with neutrophilia, elevated creatinine, direct and total bilirubin. He was diagnosed as Leptospira interrogans by using ELISA and the serovar was confirmed as Leptospira interrogans var. canicola using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). He had uneventful recovery after being treated with Doxycycline orally for 21 days along with supportive therapy.

A trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of accelerated feeding method in the growth and carcass studies of native goat kids. Thirty male country goat (non – descriptive) kids at the age of 30 - 45 days were selected for this study. The kids were divided into two groups, control and treatment groups, each consist of 15 kids. The control group kids were fed with concentrate feed consisting of 15% crude Protein (CP), 75% Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), CO4 grass as a sole green fodder and sorghum stover, bengal gram and groundnut tops as a dry fodder. The treatment group kids were fed with concentrate feed containing 21% crude Protein (CP), 75% Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), CO4 grass and COFS 29 grass as a green fodder and sorghum stover, bengal gram and groundnut tops as a dry fodder. In addition the treatment group kids were fed with supplements such as TANUVAS mineral mixture, probiotics, baking soda and Groviplex®, Ostovet®, Brotone®. The study was conducted for a period of 6 months. The body weight of kids was recorded at fortnight intervals. Parameters such as average feed intake per goat, average total body weight gain, average daily body weight gain and cost of production per kg live weight gain were studied.  The kids were slaughtered at the end of study period and carcass parameters like pre slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressed weight and weights of blood, head, feet, stomach with contents, lungs, heart, kidney, spleen, liver and skin were studied. After analysis of data, significant (P< 0.01) difference was noticed between control group and treatment group in terms of final body weight (C -13.28±0.10 kg, T - 17.00±0.06 kg), average total body weight gain (C -6.74 ±0.09 kg, T - 9.98±0.10 kg), average daily body weight gain (P< 0.05) (C - 0.04±0.08 kg, T - 0.06±0.09 kg) and cost of production per kg live weight gain (C– Rs.98.15±0.15, T – Rs.72.48±0.12) . There was also highly significant difference (P < 0.01) was noticed in carcass quality in terms of pre slaughter weight (C -13.28±0.10 kg, T - 17.00±0.06 kg), carcass weight (C - 6.25±0.10kg, T - 8.00±0.02 kg), dressed weight (C -5.70±0.15 kg, T - 7.55±0.14 kg), dressing percentage (C - 42.22±0.13%, T - 47.06±0.12%), head (C - 1.13±0.22 kg, T - 1.25±0.02 kg) and stomach (C - 5.10±0.26 kg, T - 6.35±0.2kg). Thus it is concluded that, accelerated feeding significantly improves the body weight gain and carcass yield in native goat kids with low production cost per kg live weight gain.

Haemorrhagic septicaemia is an economically important contagious disease of cattle, buffaloes and bison. In the present study, the efficacy of the vaccines prepared from cell free and cell associated antigens of disease causing organism Pasteurella multocida wasevaluated in mice. From the present study, it was observed that both cell associated and cell free antigens provided protective immunity to the vaccinated animals in combination with each other and increasing the content of both the antigens improved the efficacy of the vaccine blends. In conclusion, use of both cell associated and cell free antigens in vaccine formulations are warranted for developing improved vaccines against Haemorrhagic septicaemia.

The present study was carried out to study the effect of dietary inclusion of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on blood and serum parameters of broilers. Day old broilers (n=180) were distributed randomly into six dietary groups each with five replicates of 6 birds. The dietary treatments include Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0% (T1; negative control), T1 + Vit-E, Se, Vit-C (T2; positive control), 1.5% (T3), 3.0% (T4), 4.5% (T5) and 6.0% (T6) levels by marginal adjustment of other feed ingredients. PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC and H/L ratio were not inÀuenced by the level of MOLM in diet. Decreased (p<0.01) serum cholesterol and increased HI titers (p<0.05), serum protein (p<0.05), globulin (p<0.01) with increasing MOLM in diets. Results showed that MOLM can be included up to 6% without any deleterious effect on health status of the broilers and meat production with low cholesterol.

Data of 229 hatches of commercial country chicken hatchery for a period of four years from 2017-2020 was collected and analyzed to study the effect of genetic makeup and season on fertility and hatchability in chicken varieties developed for rural chicken rearing viz., Aseel cross, Kaveri, Grampriya and Vanaraja. Kaveri chicken varieties recorded significantly higher fertility of 85.04 per cent (P<0.01) followed by Aseel cross, Gramapriya and Vanaraja which are comparable in fertility values of 81.68, 81.33 and 82.80 per cent, respectively. In terms of fertile and total hatchability, Kaveri recorded significantly higher values of 94.16 and 80.08 per cent than other varieties. Winter and North East Monsoon seasons recorded significantly higher value of 89.39 and 87.91 per cent in Kaveri, 85.22 and 83.84 per cent in Aseel Cross and 84.85 and 86.42 per cent in Gramapriya. On the other hand, summer season recorded the lowest fertility rates in all the chicken varieties.

The aim of the present study was to standardize and evaluate and acceptance of Japanese quail egg pickle. A simple, cost-effective and efficient technology need to be developed for pickling of Japanese quail eggs for storage at ambient temperature and marketing it in a ready-to-eat form for at least 6 months. Results on sensory evaluation revealed that highly acceptable nutrient rich Japanese quail egg pickle prepared by soaking in citric acid solution was superior than those made from other trials and recorded highest sensory score of 8.0. Storage study showed that the pickles stored in both food grade pouches and glass bottles could be stored up to six months. Training programmes were organized to demonstrate Japanese quail egg pickle production among farmers, farm women and SHG women. Feedback of the farmers and SHG showed that the Japanese quail egg pickles was tasty and can be used as side dish for any food item, easy to prepare and market. A case study on a successful entrepreneur showed that Japanese quail egg pickle had a good demand among the people suffering from respiratory problems. The pickle was sold as 200g bottle with a profit margin of 40 per cent. Developed Japanese quail egg pickles are also sold in 200 g bottle at the KVK Rural mart with FSSAI license and labeling.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute, highly contagious, OIE notifiable and economically important transboundary viral disease of sheep and goats. PPR is enzootic in India as a greater number of outbreaks have occurred in the past and now occurring regularly round the year and throughout the country. The PPR outbreaks in sheep and goats have declined in some of the Indian states Viz., Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, and Chhattisgarh after implementing the strategic mass vaccination campaigns. The decreased number of outbreaks, as well as changes in the disease severity patterns and distribution, might be due to the effectiveness of the vaccine, timely vaccination, and most importantly effective implementation of the vaccination strategic plan. This review is focused upon the overall understanding of the National PPR Control Programme (PPR -CP) and its strategies vaccination implantation in India for the control and eradication of PPR. 

On post-mortem examination helminthic worms were collected from the intestine of a backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu during the month of November 2020. These helminths were identified as Ascaridia galli, Raillietina echinobothrida and Heterakis gallinarum. Mixed helminthic infection was confirmed and documented in backyard native chicken in Villupuram district of Tamil Nadu. These worms are responsible for severe morbidity and indirect economical losses to the farmers. Periodical deworming will be useful to control the worm load in native desi chickens.