This blinded field safety study was conducted in Senegal to assess safety and immunogenicity of administration of the registered dose of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Clone 13 vaccine (Onderstepoort Biological Products) to sheep and goats of West African breeds under natural conditions. A total of 267 small ruminants (220 sheep, 47 goats) were included; half received RVFV Clone 13 vaccine at the recommended dose and half received the diluent (as placebo) only. The study was performed on three commercial farms in the northern and eastern region of Senegal in accordance with veterinary good clinical practices. The animals were observed daily for 3 days after vaccination, and then weekly for 1 year. In both sheep and goats vaccinated against RVFV seroconversion rates above 70% were recorded. No seroconversion related to RVFV was observed in placebo-treated animals. No statistically significant differences were determined between placebo and vaccinated groups for mean rectal temperatures for the first 3 days after administration (p > 0.05). No abnormal clinical signs related to treatment were noted, and only one slight injection site reaction was observed in one vaccinated animal for 2 days after vaccination. Out of 176 births assessed over 1 year (93 from the vaccinated group, 83 from the placebo group), 9 were abnormal in the placebo group and 3 in the vaccinated group (p > 0.05). The frequency of adverse events was similar in the placebo and vaccinated groups. RVFV Clone 13 vaccine administered according to the manufacturer's instructions was safe and well tolerated in West African breeds of sheep and goats, including animals of approximately 6 months of age and pregnant females, under field conditions in Senegal. Antibody levels persisted up to 1 year after vaccination.

Toxoplasma gondii is a cosmopolitan zoonotic intracellular coccidian of the phylum Apicomplexa infecting warm-blooded animals and human beings. This protozoan causes a significant public health problem in humans and imposes considerable economic losses and damages to husbandry industries. The final host, cats, accounts for all of these significant burdens. Hence the present study was designed to analyse and review the overall prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats in Iran for the first time. In the present study data collection (published and unpublished papers, abstracts of proceedings of national parasitology congresses and dissertations) was systematically undertaken on electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Irandoc, IranMedex and Scientific Information Database. A total of 21 studies from 1975 to 2013 reporting prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in cats from different areas in Iran met the eligibility criteria. The pooled proportion of toxoplasmosis using the random-effect model amongst cats was estimated at 33.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.05-46.41). The prevalence rate of cat toxoplasmosis in various regions of Iran ranged from 1.2% to 89.2%. Firstly, this study establishes a crude prevalence rate of T. gondii infection in cats. Secondly, it discusses the role of significant risk factors including sex, age and being either household or stray cats, in the epidemiology of the disease. Furthermore, the current study determines gaps and drawbacks in the prior studies that are useful to keep in mind to assist in designing more accurate investigations in future.

The objective of present study was to investigate the gross and histopathological findings of calves kidneys slaughtered in Mosul abattoir. Pathological examination were carried out on fifty calves' kidneys. The most common gross lesions were included 20% multifocal white spots, 16% enlarged pale kidneys20% congested enlarged kidneys , 10% small shrunken kidneys, 14% hyperemic hemorrhagic kidneys, 20% kidneys without any gross lesions. The common observation in the histopathological examination of the kidneys revealed slight to severe mononuclear infiltration were commonly observed, widening of the Bowman's space were common, nephrosis, glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, acute tubular degeneration and necrosis. Cysts were observed also in this study.

Recurrent abortion is a worldwide problem, with undefined causes. Apoptosis could play a major role in the process. The Objective of the work to detect the expression of p53 protein at the materno-fetal interface in patients with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). Immunohistochemistry analysis of P53 protein using paraffin embedded sections of curate samples obtained from 40 women divided into three groups : 16 women with recurrent abortion as postive with toxoplasmosis,10 women with recurrent abortion negative of toxoplasmosis and14 women with no histry of abortion as control group . The mean value of the expression of P53 protein was (40.87± 7.54),which is significantly higher than that of the second group(28.2± 4.89),and the third group (13.07± 4.49). The high expression of p53 protein in women with RPL may have a role in accelerating placental apoptosis leading to failure of pregnancy.

This study was conducted at animal farm / Collage of Agriculture, Basrah University, during the period from April to December . A total of 8 blood samples were taken from dry female goats at (2.5-3.5) years old during first day of April , July , October , December months .The aim of this study to evaluate the effect months of year on blood (WBC , RBC, PCV and Hb) and biochemical parameters (Fe , Phosphate, Albumin, Total protein, Cholesterol and Glucose in addition to some hormones like Estrogen and thyroxin. The present study resulted that there were significant (P

Breed differences in the semen quality of Iraqi sheep were studied on 16 rams, 8 of each, Karradi and Arrabi. Rams were habituated on the method of electrical stimulation with a bi-polar rectal probe. Semen samples were collected within two weeks and their characters which included, volume of ejaculate, color, pH, mass motility percentage , individual motility percentage, concentration of sperm , viability percentage, abnormal sperm percentage and acrosomal abrasion percentage were tested for both Karradi and Arrabi breeds. The results revealed that the volume 0.61ml, o.59 ml, color degree 1.25, 1.5, pH 6.89, 6.9, mass motility 66.25% , 63.75%, individual motility 60%, 58.75%, sperm concentration 121.88 million/ml, 120.5 million/ml, viability 74%, 70.25%, abnormal sperm 17.13% , 18% and acrosomal abrasion 18.5% , 19.25 respectively . Karradi ram semen showed higher viability percentage 74 ± 1.3 than that in Arrabi 70.23± 0.56 , and it is highly significance (p< 0.01). Karradi sheep in general may have been adapted and acclimatized exceptional well in the middle part of Iraq compared to Arrabi sheep.

Prevalence and anthelmintic resistance status of gastrointestinal nematodes in 430 sheep investigate by faecal examination was conducted in Qushtapa, Khabat, Benslawa, Salahaddin subdistricts in Erbil, from April to July 2012. The mean eggs per gram (EPG) count determined by using modified McMaster technique, showed that (40.46%) of the sheep were infested, the higher infection was 17.2% Nematodirus spp., 13.02% Strongylus spp., 4.18% Marshaligia spp., 2.79% Trichurus spp. and 3.25% with coccidia. Four farms were selected randomly each divided to control and three treatment groups: Levamisol, Albendazole and Ivermectin groups. Anthelmintic efficacy was measured after treatment dates were investigated with faecal egg count reduction test, the FECRT percentage for Levamisol in sheep ranged from 80.3 to 94.7 which show most effective in Khabat with FECRT of 94.7% while with Albendazole ranged from 75.5% to 80.2%, suspected resistant in all group, but the injectable Ivermectin in sheep ranged from 85.2 to 94.8 and show effective in Bnaslawa and Salahaddin with FECR of 94.6% and 94.8% respectively. All the anthelmintic were found to be low effective, but resistance to Albendazole was suspected. Based on the findings, it was concluded that development of anthelmintic resistance could be prevented by avoiding frequent dosing and under dosing, while strategic deworming should be practiced by both animal health workers and animal owners.

The present study assessed the effects of O-anisidine hydrochloride and the ameliorating effect of Quercetin dihydrate in laboratory rats. Sixteen male and thirty two female rats (Rattus norvegicus) were used and divided into eight equal groups of two male and four female rats each. The results revealed that the treatment with Oanisidine hydrochloride for 30 days (T1, T2 and T3 groups) caused significant decrease in the males body weights, sperm count, individual and massive sperm motility, testes weights, and epididymis weights as compared with control and (T4, T5, T6 and T7) groups at (P≤0.05).When Quercetin dihydrate was offered as an ameliorating agent, it showed a significant ameliorating effect by increasing the body weights, sperm count, individual and massive sperm motility, testes weights, and epididymis weights . When Quercetin dihydrate was offered alone in the ration of the sixth treated group (T6), it caused clear significant ameliorating effect on all sperm parameters comparing with all treated groups and the sperm count was even significantly higher than that of control group while the other aspects were similar to those of control group at (P≤0.05). Beside, O-anisidine caused significant decrease in the number of pregnant females, number of delivered litters, weight of litters and sex ratio, and it prevented the pregnancy from being occurred in the group where both male and females are treated with it (T1). When Quercetin was mixed with Oanisidine in the ration of (T7), it significantly ameliorated the pregnancy chances,number of litters and the sex ratio as compared with the other groups but it didn’t reach to significant level with control group at (P≤0.05).

The aim of this study is to evaluate application of laparoscopy in veterinary surgery and assess the feasibility safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy using thermal energy to control the bleeding after the partial hepatoctomy in the goats. liver enzymes and blood counts were drawn pre and postoperatively with recorded Rectal temperature, respiratory rate and pulse rate and record the time of returning to eat and drink post operation. The abdominal cavity was inflated by the introduction of co2 gas . The result showed that the laparoscopic partial hepatectomy can be easily done in goats without any complications. The mean time of the procedures was 45 minutes (range 40 to 60 min) . The physical parameters were measured preoperatively 1 st , 2 rd , and 3 th days postoperatively ,showed no significant increase in respiratory rate , plus rat and temperature .The Hematological parameters Hb, PCV and Biochemical tests AST,ALT,LDH, Showed no significant increase in number at day1,2,3 after the surgery From the results of this study, it was concluded that the laparoscopic partial hepatectomy can be easily done in goats without any complications.