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Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) Texto completo
2019
Klockiewicz Maciej | Jakubowski Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata | Bartosik Justyna | Długosz Ewa
Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) Texto completo
2019
Klockiewicz Maciej | Jakubowski Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak Małgorzata | Bartosik Justyna | Długosz Ewa
Introduction: Farm mink (Neovison vison) can be naturally exposed to T. canis and T. leonina pathogens on the farm. If mink were hosts, it would imply some veterinary public health as well as animal welfare issues. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine whether mink might be definitive or paratenic hosts of these parasites. Material and Methods: Four groups of mink were infected with both parasite species using larvated eggs or feed containing mouse tissue previously infected with the parasites. Following inoculation, the infections were monitored in vivo by faecal examination for 14 weeks p.i., and then western blotting and ELISA were performed. Results: Coprology did not reveal any canine roundworm eggs, neither were nematodes found in mink intestines during post mortem examination. The specific IgG antibodies recognising excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of both parasite species were identified in mink sera. Single T. leonina tissue larvae were found in digested organs. Conclusions: Our results confirm that farm mink may contribute both T. canis and T. leonina infections. It was proved that farm mink were not their definitive hosts, and therefore mink faeces need not be considered a source of canine roundworm eggs in any soil it fertilises. Nonetheless, as farm mink may be a paratenic host for both parasite species, this may have some impact on the health and welfare of infected animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Experimental infection with T. canis and T. leonina in farm mink (Neovison vison) Texto completo
2019
Klockiewicz, Maciej | Jakubowski, Tadeusz | Sobczak-Filipiak, Małgorzata | Bartosik, Justyna | Długosz, Ewa
Introduction: Farm mink (Neovison vison) can be naturally exposed to T. canis and T. leonina pathogens on the farm. If mink were hosts, it would imply some veterinary public health as well as animal welfare issues. For this reason, the aim of the study was to determine whether mink might be definitive or paratenic hosts of these parasites. Material and Methods: Four groups of mink were infected with both parasite species using larvated eggs or feed containing mouse tissue previously infected with the parasites. Following inoculation, the infections were monitored in vivo by faecal examination for 14 weeks p.i., and then western blotting and ELISA were performed. Results: Coprology did not reveal any canine roundworm eggs, neither were nematodes found in mink intestines during post mortem examination. The specific IgG antibodies recognising excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of both parasite species were identified in mink sera. Single T. leonina tissue larvae were found in digested organs. Conclusions: Our results confirm that farm mink may contribute both T. canis and T. leonina infections. It was proved that farm mink were not their definitive hosts, and therefore mink faeces need not be considered a source of canine roundworm eggs in any soil it fertilises. Nonetheless, as farm mink may be a paratenic host for both parasite species, this may have some impact on the health and welfare of infected animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Retrospective analysis of indications and complications related to implantation of permanent pacemaker: 25 years of experience in 31 dogs Texto completo
2019
Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka | Michałek Marcin | Kapturska Karolina | Cepiel Alicja | Janiszewski Adrian | Pasławski Robert | Skrzypczak Piotr | Pasławska Urszula
Retrospective analysis of indications and complications related to implantation of permanent pacemaker: 25 years of experience in 31 dogs Texto completo
2019
Noszczyk-Nowak Agnieszka | Michałek Marcin | Kapturska Karolina | Cepiel Alicja | Janiszewski Adrian | Pasławski Robert | Skrzypczak Piotr | Pasławska Urszula
Introduction: Pacemaker implantation is the only effective symptomatic treatment for life-threatening bradyarrhythmias. Major complications observed after implantation of cardiac pacemakers include lead dislocation, loss of pulse generator function, and inadequate stimulation. The aim of this retrospective single-centre study was to analyse the indications for pacemaker implantation and the incidence and types of complications associated with this procedure in dogs treated for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Retrospective analysis of indications and complications related to implantation of permanent pacemaker: 25 years of experience in 31 dogs Texto completo
2019
Noszczyk-Nowak, Agnieszka | Michałek, Marcin | Kapturska, Karolina | Cepiel, Alicja | Janiszewski, Adrian | Pasławski, Robert | Skrzypczak, Piotr | Pasławska, Urszula
Introduction: Pacemaker implantation is the only effective symptomatic treatment for life-threatening bradyarrhythmias. Major complications observed after implantation of cardiac pacemakers include lead dislocation, loss of pulse generator function, and inadequate stimulation. The aim of this retrospective single-centre study was to analyse the indications for pacemaker implantation and the incidence and types of complications associated with this procedure in dogs treated for symptomatic bradyarrhythmia. Material and Methods: The retrospective analysis included 31 dogs with symptomatic bradyarrhythmia, implanted with permanent cardiac pacemakers in 1992–2017. The list of analysed variables included patient age, breed, sex, indication for pacemaker implantation, comorbidities, and the incidence of procedure-related complications along with the type thereof. Results: The most common indication for pacemaker implantation was 3ʳᵈ degree AVB, followed by SSS, advanced 2ⁿᵈ degree AVB, and PAS. Pacemaker implantation was associated with a 35% overall complication rate and 6.45% periprocedural mortality. There were no significant differences in terms of procedure-related complications with regard to age, sex, breed, indications for pacemaker implantation, or comorbidities. Conclusions: Cardiac pacing is the only effective treatment of symptomatic bradycardia, but as an invasive procedure, may pose a risk of various complications, including death.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Kycko Anna | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska Monika | Kycko Anna | Niemczuk Krzysztof
Q fever (coxiellosis) is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by.C. burnetii and widely distributed throughout the world. It is known that people and animals acquire the disease predominantly.via inhalation of infectious aerosols. The possibility of transmission of the pathogen by the alimentary route is still a matter of debate and remains controversial. Therefore the aim of this study was to fill the gaps in knowledge of oral transmission of.C. burnetii by conducting biological tests on the guinea pig model.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of the possibility of C. burnetii transmission by the alimentary route in a guinea pig model Texto completo
2019
Jodełko, Agnieszka | Szymańska-Czerwińska, Monika | Kycko, Anna | Niemczuk, Krzysztof
Q fever (coxiellosis) is an infectious disease of animals and humans, caused by.C. burnetii and widely distributed throughout the world. It is known that people and animals acquire the disease predominantly.via inhalation of infectious aerosols. The possibility of transmission of the pathogen by the alimentary route is still a matter of debate and remains controversial. Therefore the aim of this study was to fill the gaps in knowledge of oral transmission of.C. burnetii by conducting biological tests on the guinea pig model. Guinea pigs, divided into five groups comprising a negative control and four experimental groups, received specified concentrations of.C. burnetii per os. To determine the presence of specific antibodies, blood samples were tested using CFT. Also, internal organs collected during necropsy were screened by a real-time PCR targeting I.1111. Additionally, histopathological evaluation of the tissues was performed. The presence of antibodies and pathogen DNA in caecum was confirmed in one guinea pig from experimental group IV..C. burnetii was also detected in testicular tissue collected from one animal of experimental group II. The presence of pathogen DNA in the testicular tissue indicates that infection spreads haematogenously. In the majority of experimental animals specific antibodies and genetic material of.C. burnetii were not detected. This fact suggests that development of infection depends on many factors, such as animal immune status.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu Minoru | Sato Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi Jin | Ichijyo Toshihiro | Satoh Hiroshi | Oikawa Toshinori | Sato Shigeru
Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu Minoru | Sato Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi Jin | Ichijyo Toshihiro | Satoh Hiroshi | Oikawa Toshinori | Sato Shigeru
Introduction: Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in red foxes which mated naturally or were subjected to artificial insemination were retrospectively surveyed using 130 vixens during their reproductive seasons of 2012–2017 in Japan. Material and Methods: Natural mating vixens were encouraged a maximum of three times with the same male, while artificial insemination was conducted using frozen-thawed semen with the bovine semen extender as a diluent. Results: With natural mating, conception rates after one, two, and three copulations were 55.8%, 68.0%, and 85.7%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the rates for one and three copulations. Conception rates with artificial insemination were 82.4%. Mean gestation periods were between 52.1 and 53.3 days in all groups. Mean litter sizes were 3.7–4.3 cubs with natural mating, and 4.4 cubs with artificial insemination. Although some sporadic and inconsistent changes in litter sizes were noted between primiparous and multiparous groups, these were of doubtful clinical importance. Conclusion: This is the first report from Japan concerning basic breeding events of red fox vixens in captivity.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in captive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) mating naturally or subjected to artificial insemination in Japan Texto completo
2019
Yatu, Minoru | Satō, Mitsuhiro | Kobayashi, Jin | Ichijyo, Toshihiro | Satoh, Hiroshi | Oikawa, Toshinori | Sato, Shigeru
Introduction: Breeding profiles at the periparturient stage in red foxes which mated naturally or were subjected to artificial insemination were retrospectively surveyed using 130 vixens during their reproductive seasons of 2012–2017 in Japan. Material and Methods: Natural mating vixens were encouraged a maximum of three times with the same male, while artificial insemination was conducted using frozen-thawed semen with the bovine semen extender as a diluent. Results: With natural mating, conception rates after one, two, and three copulations were 55.8%, 68.0%, and 85.7%, respectively, showing a significant difference between the rates for one and three copulations. Conception rates with artificial insemination were 82.4%. Mean gestation periods were between 52.1 and 53.3 days in all groups. Mean litter sizes were 3.7–4.3 cubs with natural mating, and 4.4 cubs with artificial insemination. Although some sporadic and inconsistent changes in litter sizes were noted between primiparous and multiparous groups, these were of doubtful clinical importance. Conclusion: This is the first report from Japan concerning basic breeding events of red fox vixens in captivity.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure Texto completo
2019
Luqman Epy Muhammad | Sudiana I Ketut | Darmanto Win | Achmad Agung Budianto | Widjiati
Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure Texto completo
2019
Luqman Epy Muhammad | Sudiana I Ketut | Darmanto Win | Achmad Agung Budianto | Widjiati
The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic cerebral cortex cell death caused by carbofuran insecticide exposure Texto completo
2019
Luqman, Epy Muhammad | Sudiana, I Ketut | Darmanto, Win | Achmad, Agung Budianto | Widjiati,
The aim of the study was to describe the process of neuron death in the cerebral cortex caused by embryonic carbofuran exposure. 81 mouse foetuses from 27 breeding mice were used in the study. Carbofuran was administered by gavage from the 6ᵗʰ to the 15ᵗʰ day of gestation to two groups: one at 0.0208 and the other at 0.0417 mg/kg b.w. On the 17ᵗʰ day, the mice were sacrificed and the foetuses were taken to measure the ROS (malondialdehyde/MDA and superoxide dismutase/SOD) activity in brain tissue, the number of apoptotic embryonic cerebral cortex neurons using a TUNEL assay, and necrotic cells using HE staining. Examination of p53 and caspase 3 expression was done by immunohistochemistry. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Increased activity of cerebral ROS characterised by significant elevation of the MDA level (P < 0.05), decreased SOD (P < 0.01), increased p53 and caspase 3 expression, and cerebral cortical neuron death either by necrosis or apoptosis (P < 0.05) were found. At the low dose carbofuran increased expression of p53, caspase 3, and apoptosis. At the high dose it increased levels of MDA and necrosis. Increased expression of p53 and caspase 3 and apoptosis indicated that carbofuran may cause apoptosis through the intrinsic pathway. The increased apoptosis grants an opportunity to prevent and treat the effect of ROS due to gestational carbofuran exposure.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Epidemiology and antibiogram of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from waterfowl slaughterhouses in Taiwan Texto completo
2019
Chang, Fei-Fei | Chen, Chang-Chieh | Wang, Shao-Hung | Chen, Chiou-Lin
Epidemiology and antibiogram of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from waterfowl slaughterhouses in Taiwan Texto completo
2019
Chang, Fei-Fei | Chen, Chang-Chieh | Wang, Shao-Hung | Chen, Chiou-Lin
Introduction: Laryngeal swab samples collected from three waterfowl slaughterhouses in central Taiwan were cultured and suspected isolates of Riemerella anatipestifer were identified by API 20NE and 16S rDNA PCR. Material and Methods: Serum agglutination was used for serotyping, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Results: Seventy-six R. anatipestifer isolates were detected, and the prevalences in the ducks and geese were 12.3% (46/375) and 8.0% (30/375), respectively. The positive isolation rates were 65.6% for all arriving waterfowl, 76.0% for birds in the holding area, 1.6% for defeathered carcasses, but zero for degummed carcasses. A PCR examination detected R. anatipestifer in the slaughtering area frequently. Serotype B was dominant in both duck (34.8%) and goose (46.7%) isolates, but the wide serotype distribution may very well impede vaccination development. All isolates were resistant to colistin, and 79.7% were resistant to more than three common antibiotics. Conclusion: The results proved that most ducks had encountered antibiotic-resistant R. anatipestifer in rearing, which suggests that the bacterium circulates in asymptomatic waterfowl. It is worth noting that most waterfowl farms were found to harbour R. anatipestifer, and contaminated slaughterhouses are a major risk factor in its spread. Effective prevention and containment measures should be established there to interrupt the transmission chain of R. anatipestifer.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Epidemiology and antibiogram of Riemerella anatipestifer isolated from waterfowl slaughterhouses in Taiwan Texto completo
2019
Chang Fei-Fei | Chen Chang-Chieh | Wang Shao-Hung | Chen Chiou-Lin
Introduction: Laryngeal swab samples collected from three waterfowl slaughterhouses in central Taiwan were cultured and suspected isolates of Riemerella anatipestifer were identified by API 20NE and 16S rDNA PCR.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses Texto completo
2019
Orłowska, Anna | Iwan, Ewelina | Smreczak, Marcin | Rola, Jerzy
Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses Texto completo
2019
Orłowska, Anna | Iwan, Ewelina | Smreczak, Marcin | Rola, Jerzy
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) identifies random viral fragments in environmental samples metagenomically. High reliability gains it broad application in virus evolution, host-virus interaction, and pathogenicity studies. Deep sequencing of field samples with content of host genetic material and bacteria often produces insufficient data for metagenomics and must be preceded by target enrichment. The main goal of the study was the evaluation of HTS for complete genome sequencing of field-case rabies viruses (RABVs). The material was 23 RABVs isolated mainly from red foxes and one European bat lyssavirus-1 isolate propagated in neuroblastoma cells. Three methods of RNA isolation were tested for the direct metagenomics and RABV-enriched approaches. Deep sequencing was performed with a MiSeq sequencer (Illumina) and reagent v3 kit. Bioinformatics data were evaluated by Kraken and Centrifuge software and de novo assembly was done with metaSPAdes. Testing RNA extraction procedures revealed the deep sequencing scope superiority of the combined TRIzol/column method. This HTS methodology made it possible to obtain complete genomes of all the RABV isolates collected in the field. Significantly greater rates of RABV genome coverages (over 5,900) were obtained with RABV enrichment. Direct metagenomic studies sequenced the full length of 6 out of 16 RABV isolates with a medium coverage between 1 and 71. Direct metagenomics gives the most realistic illustration of the field sample microbiome, but with low coverage. For deep characterisation of viruses, e.g. for spatial and temporal phylogeography during outbreaks, target enrichment is recommended as it covers sequences much more completely.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evaluation of direct metagenomics and target enriched approaches for high-throughput sequencing of field rabies viruses Texto completo
2019
Orłowska Anna | Iwan Ewelina | Smreczak Marcin | Rola Jerzy
High-throughput sequencing (HTS) identifies random viral fragments in environmental samples metagenomically. High reliability gains it broad application in virus evolution, host-virus interaction, and pathogenicity studies. Deep sequencing of field samples with content of host genetic material and bacteria often produces insufficient data for metagenomics and must be preceded by target enrichment. The main goal of the study was the evaluation of HTS for complete genome sequencing of field-case rabies viruses (RABVs).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Köpeklerde Sevofluran’ın Farklı Anestezik Kombinasyonların Klinik ve Hematolojik Parametreler Yönünden Değerlendirmesi Texto completo
2019
ÇAKIR, Sema | CANPOLAT, İbrahim | ZÖNGÜR, Beşir
Klinik ve deneysel incelemelerde, inhalasyon anestezisi olan sevofluran ile kombinasyon halinde, lidokain, deksmedetomidin ve propofolile birlikte istenen zamanda ve kalitede genel anestezi kullanımı amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, kısırlaştırma ve kırık operasyonları gibi tedaviamacıyla hayvan hastanesinde getirilen 30 yetişkin köpek kullanılmıştır. Çalışma materyali her grupta 6 denek olmak üzere 5 gruba olarakoluşturuldu. Anestezi öncesi denekler klinik ve hematolojik (tam kan sayımı) parametreler değerlendirildi. Tüm denekler 6 mg / kg propofolile indüksiyon aldı. İndüksiyondan sonra, denekler entübe ve ventilasyon cihazına bağlandı. Anestezinin devamı için ilk grup sevofluran (1,5MAC), ikinci grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + lidokain (iv 3 mg / kg / saat), üçüncü grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + lidokain (iv 6 mg / kg / saat),)dördüncü grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + deksmedetomidin (iv 1.5 μg / kg / saat), beşinci grup sevofluran (1 MAC) + deksmedetomidin (iv 3 μg/ kg / saat) anestezisine alındı. Anestezik madde konsantrasyonu yüzdesi, SpO2 ve ETCO2, venöz kan pH, PO2, PCO2 düzeyleri entübasyonsonrası periyodik olarak değerlendirildi. Anestezi öncesi ve anastezi sonrası 10, 30 ve 60. dakikalarda ve 24. saatte klinik ve hematolojik parametrelerdeğerlendirildi. Genel olarak anestezi grupları değerlendirildiğinde yalnız sevofluran verilen gruba göre idame ilaç verilen gruplardahematolojik verilerin daha iyi olduğu saptanmıştır. Solunum, kardiyolojik veriler ve uyanma dönemi değerlendirildiğinde yine en iyi verilerinidame ilaç verilen gruplarda olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in Calves Naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis Texto completo
2019
Kozat, Süleyman | Özkan, Cumali
Mycoplasma bovis is one of the most important pathogens causing pneumonia worldwide. In this study, it was aimed to determine intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in calves infected with Mycoplasma bovis. The animal material of the study consisted of 30 calves including 20 simmental calves with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma bovis at 2-4 months of age and 10 healthy calves at the same age and the race. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were determined in calves infected M. bovis and control group. Serum levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were found to be statistically higher in the calves with pneumonia than in the control group (P<0.01). A positive correlation between serum ICAM-1 concentrations and Mycoplasma bovis titers (increases in coefficient ratios) were statistically significant (r=0.664), indicating a positive correlation between serum ICAM-1 and CRP levels and titers of Mycoplasma bovis in the calves with pneumonia. As a result, it was observed that serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) concentrations were increased in infected pneumonia with Mycoplasma bovis. It is considered useful to consider these parameters in evaluating the prognosis of pneumonia cases of Mycoplasma bovis origin and the efficacy of applied treatment.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Microbiological Attributes of Vacuum Packed Frankfurters Obtained From Local Markets in İzmir Texto completo
2019
DİKİCİ, Abdullah | BOZATLI, S. Betül
In this study microbiological changes of cattle sausages that are sold in the local markets of İzmir were monitored during storage at 4°C. Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria (AMB), Total Yeast and Mold (TYM), Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Psychrophilic Bacteria (PB) counts of frankfurters were monitored on day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 of storage. Four different brand of cattle sausage were analyzed for this study. Total Yeast and Mold count didn’t change significantly whereas Aerobic Mesophilic Bacteria and Psychrophilic Bacteria count increased approximately 2 log. Lactic acid bacteria count was increased about 1-3 log. Bad smell and slimy surface occurred on day 60 (end of the storage) implicating the spoilage of frankfurters. Results showed that the production process of the frankfurters analyzed for this study was insufficient to ensure low microbial load of the product and the counts might grow higher during storage.
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