Critical parameters affecting sensitivity and specificity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to avain infections bronchitis virus (IBV) were standardied. By adopting the optimized conditions an equation calculating ELISA antibody titers from the observations at single serum dilution was formulated. The purified antigen of IBV lMass-41 strain was dispensed into polystyrene microplate wells at a concentration of 300ng per well (100 micr l) and the plates were coated by completey drying at 37deg C. Diluted chicken serum and horseradish peroxidase conjugated goat anti-chicken IgG were added in order in 100 micro l volumes per well and allowed to react for 30 minutes each at room temperature. Just before use and after each reaction the plates were washed three times with distilled water. Finally o-phenylenediamine solution was added as an enzyme substrate. After incubation for another 15 minutes at room temperature absorbances were read at 492 nm. Hyperimmune serum against Mass-41 strain was used as internal reference positive (IRP)serum. After repeated titration of IRP and negative sera, a constant titer of IRP was determined. Serum titrations were carried out for various sample sera together with IRP and negative sera and the observed titers of sample sera were corrected by reflecting the ratio between observed and constant titers of IRP serum. These corrected titers of the sample sera were plotted against sample/positive (S/P)OD ratios. All the OD's measured in the serum titrations were also corrected by substracting negative serum OD. The following equation was formulated from the above data; Log10 ELISA titer = 5.568 (log10 S/P) + 4.161. Thus it was possible to calculate ELISA titer by measuring absorbance at 1/400 single serum dilution. Titer measured by cross ELISA tests employing Mass-41 strain and three local IBV isolates were similar. These results suggest that the ELISA tests standardized in this study can be used for evaluating not only vaccinal immunity but also for infection status against fields IBV's

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptibility of the isolates to antimicrobial agents were examined. Isolation rates of Campylobacter spp. from 649 fecal materials of 208 cattle, 300 pigs and 141 chickens were 25.5 %, 23.7 % and 38.3 %, respectively. The majority of the 130 isolates of C jejuni was classified as biotype I (50.6 %) and biotype II (34.6 %). Most of the 46 isolates of C coli were biotype I (71.7 %). Isolated C jejuni strains showed 14 different serotype, and serotype 4, 26, 36 were most frequent. Isolated C coli strains showed 5 different serotype and serotype 31 and 21 were relatively common. Isolated Campylobacter spp. were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamycin, colistin and chlorampehnicol

This experiment was carried out to investigate the influence of Aloe vera in the pancreatic islets of streptozotocin diabetic mice. Experimental diabetes was induced in ICR mice with a single injection of SZ (140mg/Kg body weight, ip). The mice demonstrating hyperglycemia 48 hours after SZ injection were treated for 16 days with Aloe vera (300, 800mg/Kg). Plasma glucose was measured, and for morphological studies of the islets specimens were staind with hematoxylin-eosin and by immunocytochemical methods. Then we observed the morphological changes of islets. Polymorphonuclear cells were infiltrated at the periphery of the islets 48 hours after SZ injection in SZ-treated ICR mice, but no prominent WBC infiltration was observed throughout the experiment. Blood glucose in mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection was higher than that of SZ injected mice, and mononuclear cells were heavily infiltrated at the islets 16 days after Aloe vera treatment (300mg/Kg), and significant islets infiltration of mononuclear cells was observed 30 days after Aloe vera treatment (800mg/Kg). Islets of ICR mice treated with Aloe vera after SZ injection showed severer insulitis, degranulation and necrosis of B cells than those of SZ injected mice. These studies indicate that Aloe in SZ injected mice increases vascular permeability and number of WBC in pancreatic islets, and potentiates destruction of B cells by cell-mediated immune system

The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma and various tissues (skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, liver, lung, kidney and spleen) of Korean native cattle in a Choju abattoir, the Breeding Stock Farm and Animal Farm of Chonbuk University was determined by using ultra violet method. Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme distribution of plasma and various tissues in Korean native cattle was studies. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of Korean native cattle was 554.80 +- 92.70 IU/L and the lactate dehydrogenase activity of male plasma was 543.96 +- 97.89 IU/L, which was lower than that of female plasma, 579.19 +- 78.09 IU/L. The plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity of calf was 557.31 +- 110.27 IU/L and was not significantly different from that of adult Korean native cattle. But the range of calf lactate dehydrogenase activity was larger than that of adult Korean native cattle. In tissues, the lactate dehydrogenase activity was decreased in order of lung, kidney, spleen, liver, heart and skeletal muscle. The lung had the greatest activity and the skeletal muscle had the least. Lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in plasma and tissues were found to have a characteristic distribution and quantitative isoenzyme patterns. In plasma, the LDH1 usually had the greatest activity and other isoenzymes showed a decreasing tendency in order of LDH2, LDH3, LDH4 and LDH5. The distribution of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes had a wide variation in tissues. But the distribution of LDH isoenzymes in plasma was similar to that in kindey, and also cardiac muscle and spleen had similar pattern in LDH isoenzymes distribution

To investigate the epidemiological trait of intestinal diseases of animals caused by thermophilic Campylobacter spp., isolation of etiological agent was carried out and the profiles of plasmids and the transfer of resistance plasmid in the isolated Camplyobacter spp. were examined. A total of 110 isolates of C jejuni and C coli were subjected to the test for the presence of plasmid DNA. Of the isolates examined, 60 % of the isolates were noted to harbor plasmid DNA. Plasmid occurrence rate from pigs, chickens and cattle were 76.2 %, 61.7 % and 37.7 %, respectively. The plasmids of a large molecular weight, ranging from 36 Md to 86Md, were identified with the strains of tetracycline resistant. Transfer frequency of tetracycline resistant plasmids was higher in the case of the filter mating method than in the broth mating method by the factor of 10-1,000. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were transferarble to C jejuni and C coli by conjugation. In a low frequency, the transfer of tetracycline plasmid was also possible to Vibrio parahemolyticus. However, it was impossible to transfer to Streptococcus fecalis, E. coli and Vibrio cholerae. Tetracycline resistant plasmids of C jejuni were impossible to transfer to Campylobacter spp. and related bacteria by transformation

The present study was conducted to investigate the incidence of Pasteruella multocida infection in Youngnam swine herds during the period from March 1988 to Ferbruary 1989 and some properties of the isolated organisms. P multocida was isolated from 22 (43.1 %) of 51 growing pigs of 4 to 12 weeks of age and from 8 (80.0 %) of 10 herds. From nasal turbinates of 102 slaughtered pigs, 47 (46.1 %) pigs were culture positive and pigs from 8 (88.9 %) of 9 heards were found to be infected with P multocida. From lungs of 101 slaughtered pigs, 42 (41.6 %) pigs were culture positive and the pigs from 11 (91.7 %) of 12 herds were found to be infected with P multocida. The majority of biochemical and cultural propertis of the P multocida isolates were identical to those of the standard strains. The isolation frequencies of P multocida in relation to pig snout lesion grades of 0 to 5 were 28.6 %, 41.6 %, 48.0 %, 50.0 % 85.7 %, and 100 %, respectively

In order to observe the pathological changes of kidney in rabbits infected with the viral haemorrhagic disease, the kidney tissues from the 91 rabbits infected with the viral haemorrhagic disease were examined by light and electron microscopy. On light microscopic observation, the kidney lesions were identified as haemorrhagic glomerular necrosis (33.0 %), membranous glomerulonephritis (20.9 %), thrombotic glomerulopathy (19.8 %) membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (8.8 %), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (8.8 %) ischemic acute tubular necrosis (7.7 %), and acute serous glomerulitis (6.6 %). On electron microscopic observation, cytoplasmic degeneration of mesangial cells, and irregular thickening of basement membranes with electron dense granular materials were observed. In podocytes swelling of mitochondria, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum and extensive fusion of foot processes were also observed. Nonenveloped round icosahedral picornaviral particles with a diameter of 28-33nm were detected in the cytoplasm of degenerative endothelial cells, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and monocytes

In vitro antifungal susceptibility test was carried out on 53 strains of Candida spp. isolated from milk of dairy cows with subclinical mastitis and teat cups of milking machines. Nystatin, clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, 5-fluorocytosine, cycloheximide, haloprogin and griseofulvin were tested by the agar dilution method. The 84.8 % to 98.2 % of Candida strains were inhibited by clotrimazole, econazole and miconazole at = 20.32 micro g/ml)

The aim of the present study was to test the efficiency of estrous induction in the premature, metestrous and anestrous bitches. The estrus was induced with prostaglandin F2 alpha, estradiol-17 beta, pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the treatment A, and with PMSG and HCG in the treatment B. Day 0 was the first day of estrone injection in the treatment A and the day of PMSG injection in the treatment B. Twenty three of the twenty six bitches laparotomized under general anesthesia between 11 and 18 days after onset of behavioral estrus, whereas three bitches were not laparotomized and remained until parturition. Ovarian responses were evaluated with the total number of corpora lutea or ovulation sites. The uterine horns were flushed with phosphate-buffered saline added heat treated canine serum (10 %), the flushing media was collected into watch glass and the ova were examined under stereomicroscope. Standing estrus was observed on the day 17.7 +- 1.5 after injection of estrone in the treatment A, but ovarian responses were not detectable. Standing estrus was observed on the day 12.2 +- 0.2 after injection of PMSG in the treatment B and 14 of 17 bitches showed ovarian responses. Ova were recovered in 9 of the 14 bitches. Ovarian responses were observed in one of the three premature bitches, two of the three metestrous bitches and all of the 11 anestrous bitches. The average number of the ova collected from 9 bitchs were 12.2 +- 1.4. Three bitches in the treatment B exhibited behavioural estrus and all of them were mated with fertile male dog, resulting the pregnancy in only one bitch. The pregnant bitch gave the birth of two pups

This study was designed in order to clarify the effect of ethanol drinking on the mineral contents on liver, kidney, muscle and hair. Forty-five rats were divided into 2 groups and a control group. The control group received tap water and the other 2 groups were given 8 % and 40 % ethanol as drinking source. Liver, kindney, muscle and hair samples were taken and analyzed for zinc, calcium and copper contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods. The zinc content of muscle showed significant (P0.01) decrease in both groups. The calcium content of hair showed significant (P0.1) increase in 8 % ethanol group. The copper contents of kidney and muscle in 8 % ethanol group and liver in 40 % ethanol group showed significant (P0.1) decrease