The semen was collected from five adult Iraqi black local bucks by the artificial vagina and using estrous induced doe the semen was diluted with egg yolk 10% extender and frozen by liquid nitrogen for three months, macroscopic and microscopic evaluation were done after collection, dilution and thawing, three media(TCM-199, DMEM and SOF)were used to see the their effect on activation of spermatozoa. The results showed that TCM-199 media presented higher significance in sperm motility, progressive motility compared with DMEM and SOF media. There was a great decrease in the concentration of spermatozoa after activation using these media which didn’t differ significantly among them and they were higher significantly compared with control in normal morphology.

The research study the distribution patterns and residues behavior of Pb, Cr and Co between dairy products [yoghurt, cheese and fatty dairy products ( kishfa, Gaymer and cream)] and their by-products (whey and skim milk) manufactured from experimentally polluted raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk were investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The studied metals (Pb, Cr and Co) were concentrated in both cheese and fatty dairy products (kishfa, gaymer and cream) as they recorded concentration factors in cheese produced from raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk of 3.849, 3.466 and 2.452, 3.804, 2.938 and 2.342 and 2.995, 2.682 and 2.336 folds, respectively and 3.693, 3.164 and 2.339, 3.347, 2.773 and 2.242 and 2.601, 2.156 and 2.14 folds, respectively in kishfa, gaymer and cream produced from raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk compared with metals concentrations reported in raw milk used for preparing these products, whereas the by-products of cheese and fatty dairy products processing (whey and skim milk, respectively) contained Pb, Cr and Co concentrations lower than these present in raw milk as they recorded reduction levels of 71.6, 58 and 31.7, 63.7, 39.5 and 27 and 31.4, 20 and 9.5%, respectively in whey and 37.3, 29.9 and 12.1, 41.7, 27 and 19.3 and 21.3, 7.8 and 5.2%, respectively in skim milk. Yoghurt processed from the raw ewe̓ s, buffalo̓ s and cow̓ s milk contained Pb, Cr and Co metals at mean concentration levels similar to and slightly less than those found in raw milk as the reduction levels amounted 0, 0.6 and 1, 0.1, 0.7 and 1.4 and 0.6, 0.8 and 1.9%, respectively. Generally, metals exhibited significant differences (p˂0.05) in their distribution and residues behavior in dairy products and their by-products and comparable to raw milk used in processing as they arranged as follows: cheese> fatty dairy products (kishfa, Gaymer and cream)> raw milk> yoghurt> skim milk> whey, except yoghurt and raw milk which difference was not significant (p˂0.05). Also, metals found in studying dairy products in the order of Pb > Cr > Co, in contrast to their by-products as they arranged reversibly. Finally, metals concentrated in cheese and kishfa produced from raw ewe̓ s milk, in addition to cheese and gaymer produced from raw buffalo̓ s milk at levels significantly higher (p˂0.05) than those present in cheese and cream produced from raw cow̓ s milk.

A total of 60 one-day old Ross broiler chicks were used in this study. The birds were divided into four groups. The first group A was vaccinated against IBD with a Cevac IBD L vaccine at one-day old by intra-yolk sac method (lYS) with a dose of 0.5ml using a (1ml) syringe, whereas the second group B was vaccinated against IBD with the same vaccine at 14 days of age by drinking water method (DW). The third group C and fourth group D were considered as a positive and negative control respectively . On day 35, the birds were weight and killed to collect blood samples and lymphoid organs were removed and weight to study the effects of (lYS) rout on body weight , lymphoid organ weights and the humeral immune response to IBD vaccine which measured by ELISA test. The results showed significant differences at (P≤0.05) in body weight of group A, in addition significant (p<0.05) increase in the all lymphoid organs weight , Bursa of fabricius (BF) was 1.643 a ±0.066 in group comparison with other groups which had been recorded 1.102 b ±0.022, 0.850 c ±0.067 in group B and C respectively. Group B indicated that was a significant decrease at (p<0.05) in the weight of of spleen which was 1.102 b ± 0.022 in comparison to control groups. With regard to serological test, bird from group A recorded higher Ab titer 24038 a± 685 compared to those of other groups , and this increment was statically significant (p<0.05), however both group A and B revealed a53 significant differences( p <0.05) from the control groups. Generally the results indicated that intra-yolk sac method was highly effective rout of IBD vaccine administration

The current study was conducted at the college of veterinary medicine, university of basrah in the periods extended from 22/10/2016 to 22/1/2017. The present study is designed to report the toxic effects of digoxin on kidney histologically and biochemically by measuring kidney parameters urea and creatinine level in the serum. Maximum toxic dose determined by using 2 rats dosed orally until clinical signs of toxicity became prominent at 30mg for each rat and considered as MTD. The chronic toxicity study was carried out on 48 adult rats divided into 4 groups. Control (G1) receive distilled water, Low dose (G2) dosed with 1/20 MTD(1.5mg/kg) digoxin, Intermediate dose (G3) dosed with 1/10 MTD(3mg/kg) digoxin and High dose (G4) dosed with 1/5 MTD(6mg/kg) digoxin by oral gavage for 90 days. At the end of experiments all animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for estimation of biochemical parameters of rat. Result reveals histopathological changes presented as dilation/vaccuolation of renal tubules and atrophy of glomeruli. There is a significant (P≤0.05) increase in serum urea and creatinine level in high dose (G4) group when compared with other study group. We conclude that high dose digoxin has toxic effect on renal tissue and lead to their damage.

The present study aimed to determine the potential toxic effects of Nizoral through oral administration on some of blood and biochemical parameters of laboratory rabbits . Eighteen of local normal rabbits were used in the present study . The animal divided randomly to three group ( six animal in each ) .Group one ( control ) the animal treated normal saline .Group two the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 20 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. Group three the animals chronically feed by stomach tube Nizoral 40 mg/kg/BW daily for 30 days. The investigation included body weight gains (BW) , some blood parameters like red blood cells count (RBC) hemoglobin concentration(Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total white blood cell count(WBC) . Biochemical parameters included total serum alan in aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and hormones testosterone concentration ,and semen characteristics .The results showed reduced in BW. R.B.C count ,Hb concentrations PCV value were reduced gradually but not reach a significantly . Total W.B.C count lymphocyte and monocyte appeared a significant decrease(p≤0.05) ,but neutrophils showed a significant increase (p≤0.05).The biochemical study refers to a significant increase (p≤0.05) in ALT,AST and a significant decrease(p≤0.05) in hormones testosterone concentration.The testes and epididymis appeared absences of sperms .

In this study, the histopathological changes due to overdose usage of Tussirum drug(0.75 and 3 ml/Kg)in liver and kidney were assessed in rabbite with light microscopes. Six male rabbites(1 ± 0.5 Kg ) were included and divided into three groups.Normal saline (3ml/Kg) wasgiven orally as placebo in the control groupI (N= 2). Group II and III(N= 4 for each) was received Tussirum orallyat a single dose of (0.75 and 3ml/kg/day) for 30 days respectively. the results were recorded that both doses of Tossirum were induced that blood vessel congestion, aggregation of Kuppfer cells,inflamintion infiltrations and Sinusoidal dilatation in the liver parenchyma in addition to the cytoplasmic vacuolation, degeneration, pyknotic nuclei in the hepatocytes and. On the other hand, renal damage was observed in the kidneys of treated rabbits, necrosis of glomular, degeneration of nucli and degeneration in the lining epithelial cells of renal, also noted that glomular shrinkage, dilated of reanal tubules and hyperplasia of tubles walls,as well as to necrosis of renal tubules endothelium, closing of renal tubules lumen, isulation of renal tubules endothelium and density in some nucli chromatic Finally, the investigators concluded that Tossirum toxicity induced hepatocellular and renal damage

Polysaccharide was extracted from the leaves of (Molokhia) Jew’s-mallow by hotwater extraction using trichloro acetic acid(TCA) to removal of protein from the polysaccharide ,precipitation with ethanol, and obtained a polysaccharide yield from 4.2% based on wet weight source. The biochemical composition of the polysaccharide contains total carbohydrate,sulfateandprotein77.6%, 8.6%, 0.63%, respectively. Phytochemical tests were carried out for polysaccharide. The previous studies indicated the presence of glycoside, phenol and tannin in polysaccharide from Jew’smallow. However, the presence of both alkaloids and saponins was not observed .The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis of the polysaccharides consist of carboxyls and sulfate groups.The anticoagulant activity of polysaccharide was evaluated by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) assays with respect to heparin The results obtained by APTT assay, through the increase in coagulation time, the increase in blood coagulation time with increased polysaccharide concentration, the 100 μg/ml polysaccharide concentration had the longest time of 210Sce and was compatible with the concentration of1000 (IU/ ml) of heparin.However the time of PT did not have any apparent effectiveness in increasing the time of coagulation at all concentration compared with heparin.

The aim of this work was to produce biofloc from the fish breeding system and study of its effect on in vitro ruminal digestibility and gas production in the ruminants. In the first phase of the experiment, two hundred common carp fishes (1gr) in two tanks with capacity 250 liters’ water were used for producing biofloc. In the second stage, the effect of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2% of produced biofloc with ration 70 to 30 concentrate to forage on in vitro gas production and digestibility was determined. The data were analyzed in a completely randomized design (5 treatments and 4 replicates). The results showed that there was no significant difference in potential and rate of gas production and dry matter digestibility between treatments. The highest amount of truly digested organic matter, cell wall degradability, and NDF digestibility was related to the treatment containing 2% compared with the other treatments (108.4, 67.8, and 32.5, respectively). The10 microbial biomass efficiency, microbial biomass and PF of treatments containing biofloc were more than control treatment (P < 0.05). On the base of this trial, treatments containing biofloc especially the high levels of biofloc had a more positive effect on digestibility and fermentation of experimental diets, therefore biofloc produced from the fish breeding system can be used as a useful supplement in ruminants.

Hydaticystosis is one of the most common diseases in the world, and had azoonotic pattern ,surgical intervention is one of the most important treatment attempt,despite the serious problems the patient experiences during surgery. The current studywere aimed to use camel's milk as an immune improver against this disease inlaboratory mice .Experimental study was conducted in department of biology ,College of Science University of Thi-Qar, during the period from November 2015till April 2016 so four groups of mice(Mus musculus) of Balb /c strain age (6- 8)weeks were used as following .The first group was orally treated with 0.2 ml ofphysiological solution for one week (Negative control ) .The second group was orallytreated with 0.2 ml of physiological solution for a week and then injectedintraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus (3000protoscolex / ml ) ( Positive control ).The third group was orally treated with 0.2 mlof camel's milk for a week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml ). The fourth group was orally treated with 0.2ml of camel's milk for two week and then injected intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml ofprotoscolices (3000 protoscolex / ml).The results of the current study showed that the groups of animals treated withcamel's milk for one week and two weeks had a decrease in the number and weightsof secondary hydatid cysts and the group treated with camel's milk for two weeksshowed a significant decrease in the number and weights of cysts compared to the positive control group. A significant reduction in weights and size ratio of liver andspleen was observed in the group treated with camel's milk for two weeks comparedwith control group .It has been concluded that camel's milk has the ability to reduce the incidence ofsecondary hydatid cysts in infected mice and treated with camel's milk and theincreased duration of treated with camel's milk significantly reduces the incidence ofinfection

In the present study, 135 samples were collected from different animal's including:75 samples were from milk and 60 samples were from cheese, 54 (40%) sample were foundto be harbored with Staphylococcus aureus. The rate of S. aureus isolates was 50% inbuffalo's cheese, 40.54% in buffalo's milk, 36.8% in cow's milk, and 33.33% in cow'scheese. 100% strains were Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus. The antibioticsensitivity test was determined against 8 common antibiotics by the agar disc diffusionmethod on Muller-Hinton agar. These antibiotics were amoxicillin (25mcg), ampicillin(10mcg), Oxacillin (1mcg), chloramphenicol (30mcg), erythromycin (15mcg), gentamycin(10mcg), methicillin (5mcg), and tetracycline (30mcg). S. aureus strains were screened byPCR for 16S rRNA and nuc genes. 49 out of 54 S. aureus isolates were yielded productswith molecular weight approximately (228 bp) corresponding to 16S rRNA gene, 42 out of54 isolates were give products with molecular weight approximately (270bp) correspondingto nuc gene, 22 and 4 out of 30 S. aureus isolates were give products with molecular weightapproximately (310bp and 509bp) corresponding to mecA and femA genes, respectively.