This study aimed to record the clinical manifestations of the cats infected with FPV, and to evaluate the hemato-biochemical parameters alterations in clinically and subclinically infected cats. A total of 70 cats out of 100 cats were positive for FPV using conventional polymerase chain reaction technique. Further 15 clinically healthy cats that were negative for the laboratory tests served as control group. Careful clinical examination for all cats and blood samples were collected from all cats for hematological examination and estimation of some serum biochemistry parameters. Results showed that the prevalence of FPV was 76.1% and 57.6% in clinically and subclinically infected cats, respectively. Clinically infected cats were suffering from fever, anorexia, depression, congestion or pale and/or icteric mucous membranes, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and different degrees of dehydration. Also, oro-nasal and ocular lesions with nervous signs in some cats. A significantly increased of body temperature, respiratory rate and heart rate in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. The hemogram of the clinically infected cats showed significant decrease in TECs, HB, PCV, PLTs, MCH, and MCHC with significant increase in MCV reflecting the macrocytic hypochromic anemia, along with significant decrease in TLCs in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. Serum biochemistry analysis revealed a significant decrease in TP, while there was a significant increase in AST, ALT, TB, creatinine, and urea in clinically infected cats compared to the control group. Furthermore, no significant changes in the hemato-biochemical parameters between the subclinically infected cats and the control group.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported sporadically in Iraq during the last four decades, until 2022, when an aggressive outbreak hits several provinces. Two human cases have been reported in Al-Husseiniya District / Karbala Province (June and July 2022). Tick control on animals, backyards, and barns to reduce human CCHF cases. On October 2, 2022, an 8-day tick control campaign was organized in 65 villages in Al-Husseiniya district to apply pesticides to approximately 25,000 animals (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats) and spray over 300,000 square meters of backyards and barns. In parallel, a public awareness campaign was carried out by distributing brochures to breeder families. Following the tick control campaign (from October to December 2022), there were no cases reported in Al-Husseiniya district/Karbala Province by the Ministry of Health (MoH). While for the same period, six cases were reported in the surrounding districts. About 912 families of animal breeders benefited from the campaign and were therefore protected from the risk of CCHF by reducing the tick population on their animals. The expense for treating each animal head and spraying one square meter of barns was $0.005, equivalent to 88 Iraqi dinars. Spraying backyards, treating animals with pesticides, and increasing farmer knowledge can all lower the risk of CCHF in people. Nevertheless, more research is still required to determine which pesticides—such as biological, immunological, and integrated pest management, ovicidel pesticide —are the most successful. The study recommends the need to seek assistance from non-employed veterinarians in the future to contain and control (CCHF) disease, based on the success of this experiment. 

Fascioliasis represents an ignored zoonotic disease that results from liver flukes that belong to the genus Fasciola spp. It results in substantial financial damages in the cattle sector.In the current investigation, liver flukes were taken from cattle in two places: the Basrah abattoir and the Aljazeera region. The flukes were found on a buffalo and a cow. The nuclear marker genes were used to identify the species and learn about the past of Fasciola spp. spread.From a total number of examined Buffalo (11) and Cow ( 11), the infected with Fasciola spp. were in Buffalo (2) and in Cow (9), and the percentage of infection was 18% and 81%, respectively.The PCR results showed that all examined samples by PCR were found as gigantic Fasciola, with an identity of 100% according to GenBank. In our current study, we isolated Fasciola spp. Two worms from sheep and PCR were done, and it was observed that it is F. gigantica. This indicates that the distribution of the parasite is emerging from the host specificity, which means it must be molecularly done in detail studies in all types of cattle, not only in Basrah city but all over Iraq.

This study aimed to revel the protective properties of vitamin E on liver injury induced by pregbalin (biochemical and histopathological study) in rabbits. Twenty-four local male rabbits were used in this experimental study under suitable condition of feed and temperature. Rabbits classified into three group: each group 8 rabbits. Group one (control group) received distal water orally daily for 14 days, Group two (pregbalin group) received orally pregbalin 3mg/kg dissolved in normal saline daily for 14 days, Third group received vitamin E (α-tocopherol) 800 IU orally followed in 3 hours by 3 mg/kg of pregbalin dissolved in normal saline daily for 14 days. The biochemical results showed no significant differences in control group, the ALP, GPT and GOT showed significant increase in second pregbalin group. The third group showed significant decrease in ALP and GOT but the GPT showed slightly increase above normal value in control group. The histopathological results showed normal liver histology in control group, second pregbalin group showed infiltration of inflammatory cells specially leukocytes, dilation of blood sinusoids, portal area and central vein in addition to presence of activated kupffer cells. Third group received vitamin E followed by pregbalin showed relatively normal tissue appearance of liver including and similar to control group.

E. coli strains isolated from animal feces were subjected to detection of colicin production. The produced colicin was prepared as a disc to serve as an inhibitor for other types of bacteria on Mueller-Hinton agar. The result indicates that the produced colicin has an inhibition effect against Staphylococcus sp. with inhibition zone vary from 1.3 to 2.5 cm. Moreover, the result of electrophoresis of total crude protein after cell lysis with sonication verify the presence of 130kD bands in the supernatant. The results of docking were analyzed and compared to predict the potential binding affinities of the colicin types against the FH VH at lipid П protein.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effect of using feed treated with enzymes on some anatomical characteristics in rumen of lambs. This study was conducted in the animal field/ College of Agriculture/ University of Basrah. Sixteen Arabi male lambs aged 4-5 months and weighted 22.25 kg were used. Lambs were randomly distributed into four treatments, with four animals for each treatment. The concentrated diet was mainly consisting of 54% barley, 30% bran, 10% ground yellow corn, 5% soybeans, and 1% vitamins and mineral salts. Lambs were fed 3% of their live body weight. The studied diets consist of 60% concentrated feed and 40% of roughage without or with the addition of 10 gm of lignin peroxidase enzyme, or 40% of the concentrated feed and 60% of the roughage as well without or with the addition of the enzyme. The groups fed a diet supplemented with enzymes showed significantly high papillary length, breadth, and surface area of the rumen (P<0.05) compared to the control group. The results also showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on the amounts of feed consumed and the weight gain in the groups fed a diet supplemented with enzymes compared to the control group. I

        This study aimed to demonstrate the expected positive effect of Silymarin on the histometrical parameters of the testis in rabbits, which is reflected in the process of sperm production. A total of 30 adult healthy male rabbits, weighted 1500- 1700 g and aged 5- 6 months, were used and divided into three comparable groups according to treatment doses of Silymarin. dentification of germ cells or Sertoli cells is done based on many considerations: the size of these cells, their outline features within the sequences of division, the level of their acrosome, and the shape of their nucleus. The results show that the thickness of the capsule, number of germinal cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells were significantly increased in the first and second groups as compared with the control group, while the average diameter of the seminal tubule was higher in the control group than the treated groups. In conclusions, the silymarin has a very clear effect on the histological measurements in the testicle and the number of cells present in it, which leads to improving the process of sperm production.

Toxoplasma gondii is the most dangerous parasite found in humans and cats. The strong relationship between cats and their owners compelled us to explore the incidence of these parasites in companion cats and genotyping of T.gondii strain of the infected pets. 54 blood samples and 54 fecal samples collected from pets in order to ascertain the prevalence of T. gondii. The GRA6 gene was targeted in the feces and blood of examined pets and the genotypes of T. gondii were determined using the GRA6 gene loci by PCR-RFLP assay. The GRA6 gene amplification showed that 6% of pets were infected with T.gondii. PCR-RFLP assay revealed the predominance of genotype II at a rate 67% and type III at a rate 33% while type I not detected in infected pets. The incidence of toxoplasmosis in domestic felines can cause contamination of environment through excreting of oocyst in the feces which may lead to infection to cat owners specially who taking care of feeding and cleaning of pets.

A frankincense functional beverage's impact on diabetic rats' ability to maintain healthy blood sugar levels is the focus of this research. Some have speculated that functional beverages may have medicinal properties. In this study, we induced diabetes in rats with alloxan. We categorized the rats into four groups. We administered a raw frankincense beverage orally to one group, and a synbiotic functional frankincense beverage containing Lactobacillus acidophilus (La-5) and FOS prebiotics to the other. The remaining two groups served as the negative and positive control groups for 45 days. Treatment group participants showed significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and demonstrated an improvement in gut microbiota after 45 days. compared to control group participants, according to the results. These results provide more evidence that the frankincense functional beverage might be a useful adjunct to traditional diabetes treatment strategies, particularly in the area of glycemic control and the prevention of diabetes-related complications. We need to validate these findings and explore the underlying processes through additional clinical trial-based studies.

This study sought to examine the significance of Histophilus somni as a producer of histamine and a respiratory tract pathogen. Conventional bacteriological and molecular techniques were used to examine 200 nasal swab samples for the presence of Histophilus somni and its ability to produce histamine. Out of 200 cattle nasal swabs tested, 25% (50/200) tested positive for conventional biochemical properties and culture. Histophilus somni was found in 70% (35/50) of the isolates that tested positive for the PCR test after culturing. It was found that 20% (7/35) of the 35 H. somni positive PCR isolates produced positive products when the histidine decarboxylase gene was amplified. Cattle that were infected in the first age group (less than one year) had higher percentages of culture (72%; 36/50) and positive PCR results (80%; 28/35), based on their age. Males demonstrated higher culture (82%;41/50) and PCR (85%; 30/35) positivity percentages regarding the impact of sex. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the genders and between the two age groups.