The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of tulathromycin as a bovine respiratory disease (BRD) metaphylactic treatment on rumen fluid parameters in feedlot cattle in an intensive livestock production farm. One hundred beef cattle, immediately after housing, were divided in 2 equal groups: 50 animals with metaphylactic treatment against BRD (treated group; tulathromycin at 2.5 mg/kg BW) and 50 animals with placebo treatment (control group). Rumen fluid samples were collected from each animal by rumenocentesis in 3 periods: 1 d (T1), 8 d (T8), and 15 d (T15) after treatment. Rumen pH was determined by ruminal fluid using portable pH meter. Total volatile fatty acids (total VFA) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All animals were singularly weighed at T1 and T15. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to determine significant effects of treatment (treated group versus control group) and period (T1, T8, and T15) on rumen fluid parameters and body weight. No clinical signs of BRD or other related diseases were recorded during the periods of study from any animal. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between treated group and control group for mean values of ruminal pH (6.02 versus 5.89) and total VFA (5.84 versus 5.13) at 8 d after treatment. The weight gain (Δ) showed an average increase of 8.6 kg in treated group (P < 0.05). The trends of ruminal pH and VFA values suggest an effect of tulathromycin as BRD metaphylactic treatment on the modulation of rumen fermentation, particularly 8 d after administration.

OBJECTIVE To examine ultrasonographic predictors of ovarian development in European eels (Anguilla anguilla) undergoing hormonal treatment for assisted reproduction. ANIMALS 83 female European eels. PROCEDURES Eels received weekly IM injections of salmon pituitary extract (first injection = week 1). Ultrasonography of the ovaries was performed twice during hormonal treatment (weeks 7 and 11). Eels were identified on the basis of body weight as having an adequate response by weeks 14 to 20 or an inadequate response after injections for 21 weeks. Eels were euthanized at the end of the experiment and classified by use of ovarian histologic examination. Ovarian cross-sectional area and size of eel (ie, length3) were used to classify eels (fast responder, slow responder, or nonresponder) and to calculate an ultrasonographic-derived gonadosomatic index. Gray-level co-occurrence matrices were calculated from ovarian images, and 22 texture features were calculated from these matrices. RESULTS The ultrasonographic-derived gonadosomatic index differed significantly between fast responders and slow responders or nonresponders at both weeks 7 and 11. Principal component analysis revealed a pattern of separation between the groups, and partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed signals in the ovarian texture that discriminated females that responded to treatment from those that did not. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ovarian texture information in addition to morphometric variables can enhance ultrasonographic applications for assisted reproduction of eels and potentially other fish species. This was a novel, nonlethal method for classifying reproductive response of eels and the first objective texture analysis performed on ultrasonographic images of the gonads of fish.

OBJECTIVE To describe the perfusion and diffusion characteristics of the liver in healthy dogs as determined by morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI. ANIMALS 11 healthy adult Beagles. PROCEDURES Each dog was anesthetized and underwent morphological, perfusion-weighted, and diffusion-weighted MRI of the cranial aspect of the abdomen. On the MRI images, a region of interest (ROI) was established for each of 6 structures (aorta, caudal vena cava, portal vein, hepatic parenchyma, splenic parenchyma, and skeletal [epaxial] muscle). The signal intensity was determined, and a time-intensity curve was generated for each ROI. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated for the hepatic and splenic parenchyma in diffusion-weighted MRI images, and the normalized ADC for the liver was calculated as the ratio of the ADC for the hepatic parenchyma to the ADC for the splenic parenchyma. Dogs also underwent abdominal ultrasonography, and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirate samples and biopsy specimens were obtained from the liver for cytologic and histologic examination. RESULTS Cytologic and histologic results suggested that the liver was clinically normal in all dogs. Perfusion-weighted MRI parameters varied among the 6 ROIs. The mean ± SD ADC of the hepatic parenchyma was 0.84 × 10(−3) mm2/s ± 0.17 × 10(−3) mm2/s, and the mean normalized ADC for the liver was 1.8 ± 0.4. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results provided preliminary baseline information about the diffusion and perfusion characteristics of the liver in healthy dogs. Additional studies on dogs of various breeds with and without hepatopathies are necessary to validate and refine these findings.

OBJECTIVE To determine effects of oral administration of metronidazole or doxycycline on olfactory function in explosives detection (ED) dogs. ANIMALS 18 ED dogs. PROCEDURES Metronidazole was administered (25 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days); the day prior to drug administration was designated day 0. Odor detection threshold was measured with a standard scent wheel and 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate, trinitrotoluene, and smokeless powder; weight, 1 to 500 mg) on days 0, 5, and 10. Lowest repeatable weight detected was recorded as the detection threshold. There was a 10-day washout period, and doxycycline was administered (5 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h for 10 days) and the testing protocol repeated. Degradation changes in the detection threshold for dogs were assessed. RESULTS Metronidazole administration resulted in degradation of the detection threshold for 2 of 3 explosives (ammonium nitrate and trinitrotoluene). Nine of 18 dogs had a degradation of performance in response to 1 or more explosives (5 dogs had degradation on day 5 or 10 and 4 dogs had degradation on both days 5 and 10). There was no significant degradation during doxycycline administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Degradation in the ability to detect odors of explosives during metronidazole administration at 25 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours, indicated a potential risk for use of this drug in ED dogs. Additional studies will be needed to determine whether lower doses would have the same effect. Doxycycline administered at the tested dose appeared to be safe for use in ED dogs.

OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of topical ocular application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution in dogs with experimentally induced recurrent ocular canine herpesvirus-1 (CHV-1) infection. ANIMALS 10 specific pathogen–free Beagles. PROCEDURES 12 months prior to the beginning of the randomized, masked, placebo-controlled 30-day trial, latent ocular CHV-1 infection was experimentally induced in each dog by topical ocular inoculation of both eyes with a field strain of CHV-1. Recurrent ocular CHV-1 infection was induced by oral administration of prednisolone for 7 days (starting day 1). Starting on the fourth day of prednisolone administration, each dog received 1% trifluridine solution or artificial tears (placebo) topically in both eyes 6 times daily for 2 days and then 4 times daily for 12 days. Ophthalmic examinations were performed every 2 days, and ocular disease scores were calculated. Ocular samples for CHV-1 PCR assays and blood samples for clinicopathologic analyses and assessment of CHV-1 serum neutralization antibody titers were collected at predetermined intervals. RESULTS Conjunctivitis was clinically detected in all dogs by day 4. Compared with dogs receiving placebo, mean and total clinical ocular disease scores were significantly lower and median CHV-1 shedding duration was significantly shorter for the trifluridine-treated dogs. Both groups had increasing CHV-1 serum neutralization antibody titers over time, but no significant differences between groups were detected. Clinicopathologic findings were unremarkable throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Topical ocular application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic solution was well tolerated and effective at reducing disease scores and viral shedding duration in dogs with experimentally induced ocular CHV-1 infection, but may require frequent administration.

Warfarin poisoning in dogs is not unusual which is used as a rodenticide. Competitive inhibition of vitamin K with an incomplete synthesis of the coagulation factors II, VII, IX and X can lead to a significant bleeding tendency. The study was conducted at college of veterinary medicine / Basrah university to Evaluate clinical ,hematological and clotting indices in dogs in case of warfarin poisoning, which include twelve dogs of both sex at age about three years old. The animals divided to three groups equally .first group treated with 3mg warfarin tablet given orally daily,the second group treated with 5mg until the signs of poisoning appears While the third group untreated as a control. The results showed that the first group exhibited signs of warfarin poisoning like hematuria, vaginal bleeding, severe eye congestion, limping, bleeding in toe, excessive salivation, severe pale of mucus membrane in gum, hemoptysis, also the second group exhibited signs of warfarin poisoning after ten days the signs was hematuria and vaginal bleeding ,the animal showed signs of severe eye congestion, depression, weakness, and lameness ,bleeding in toe and then excessive salivation ,sever pale mucous membrane in gum, hemoptysis, blood vomit. weakness, excitement,nose bleeding, eye bleeding,protruded of eye,congestion of gum, melena and incoordination. there is significant decrease (P

The results of present study showed that the liver of the Collard Dove and Ruddy Shelduck was covered by a thick connective tissue capsule, formed of collagen fibers and some reticular fibers. Hepatocytes were arranged as irregular anastomosing cords of two cells. The cords were separated from each other's by blood sinusoids. The hepatocytes were large polygonal cells with large rounded nuclei. The portal triads containing branches of hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct and lymph vessels.

Rotaviruses, causing acute gastroenteritis, that infect humans and animals around the world. There are many assays had been developed for the detection of rotavirus or the viral antigens. The present study was done on 79 samples of stool collected from pediatric patients with acute watery diarrhea aged from one months to 5 years admitted to Basrah Maternity and children hospital in Basrah province, during the period from October 2014 to February 2015. Ninety diarrheic fecal bovine samples were included in this study. All samples were used for the investigation and detection of rotavirus antigen by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA).According to ELISA results, 10 out of 79(12.7%) pediatric stool samples rotavirus antigens were detected in children. Percentage (20.7%) of positive rotavirus antigen were detected in the patients at second age group (>6 months). Followed by 8% of patients at first age group (0.05). The percentage of rotavirus antigen was higher in males patients (16.7%) compared to females (P>0.05) and also the differences were not significant differences (P>0.05). These results of rotavirus antigen detection in 90 diarrheic bovine fecal samples showed that this antigen was excreted by 56.7%of diarrheic calves. Additionally the higher non-significant (P>0.05) excretion percentage according to age was observed in 63.4 % of calves > 1 year old and the lower percentage(51.1%) was observed in the first age group( < 1year) calves old. The differences in sex were not significant (P>0.05) in the percentage of rotavirus antigen detection were also detected as 63.5% of male fecal samples show positive rotavirus antigen excretion whereas only 47.4% of female fecal samples were positive.

New azo dye was synthesized by reaction dizonium salt of sulfanilic acid with antimelaria drug (chloro quin diphosphate).This product was characterized by FTIR(Fourier Transform Infrared)andUV.Visible spectrophotometer .The antibacterial activities of the compound was studied and evaluated using gram positive and negative gram stain. The purity of the dye was checked by thin layer chromatography(TLC) using solvent system( sec.Butanol-water-acetic acid)(2:2:1).The melting point of the purified dye was measured in an open capillary tube. We have been concluded that the prepared azo dye showed antibacterial activity against this micro organism.

The present study was done to determine and evaluate the effect of X-ray irradiation on the testicular tissue of rabbits those were exposed for a long time. Ten male rabbits, 8-9 months old and their weight approximately two kg. Rabbits were exposed to X-ray irradiation for two months/ twice daily. Blood parameters and testosterone hormone were measured within 20th, 40th, and 60th days after exposure. Orchictomy were done by surgical methods after 60th days for histopathological examination. The results revealed highly changes in testis such as atrophy, hyper atrophy, blood vessel congestion and suppression of spermatogenesis, blood parameter also changed and testosterone levels reach to zero at 60th days after exposure. In concluding that the persistence of X-ray exposure caused deterioration and passive effects on testicular tissue and other organs of rabbits.