Clove oil is distilled from clove flowers (Syzigium aromaticum) and characterized by physical properties and GC-MS. Distillation was carried out by steam distillation method for 8 hours. Analysis of clove oil was carried out by GC-MS method. The distillation results obtained 163 mL of clove oil with physical properties that meet the requirements of SNI 06-4267-1996. The results of the analysis using GC-MS showed that clove oil contained 6 components, namely, Eugenol 88.20%, Alpha Copaene 0.49%, Caryophyllene 3.77%, Alpha Humulene 0.48%, Eugenyl acetate 6.76%, and Caryophyllene Oxide 0.30%. Another fact shows that clove flower oil has anthelmintic activity.

Rabies cases are widespread worldwide and mostly prevalence in develeloping countries. Several Province in Indonesia are still categorized as endemic rabies, including the Province of North Sumatera. This research was aimed to evaluate the role of external factors that could influence in reduction the rabies suspected cases in the population of the City of Medan. The survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire. A Case-Control Design was used in this study. The two groups were rabies suspected case and rabies unsuspected case (control), consisted both male and female respondents. All the population involved in this study were living in the City of Medan. Primary and secondary data were collected usingpurposive samplingapproach. Data were analysed by univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis. The result was obtained the ratio of 1:2 between rabies suspected case (64 cases) and rabies unsuspected case (128 cases) in the City of Medan. The bivariate analysis showed the significant influence of the role of livestock department officer, role of health worker, role of community leader and vaccination tools on the rabies suspected case (P0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the dominant variable which affect the rabis suspected case was rabies vaccine tools.

Interprofessional Education (IPE)is considered an educational strategy that has potential benefit forimproving teamwork and collaboration in practice, leading to improved patient outcomes. As the development and implementation of curricula that integrate IPE requires significant resources, its adoption should be based on evidence of effectiveness. The purpose of this literature review is to identify what constitutes effective interprofessional education amongst health related disciplines. A literature search was conducted using Science Direct, BMC, Elsevier and Joint Commission Journal for the years 2009-2018. A total of 15 studies met the established inclusion criteria. The use of IPE among health related disciplines is one effective way to solve several problems, and its particularly improves patient safety. What constitutes effective interprofessional education amongst health related disciplines are possibly viewed from some aspects, such as efficiency, effectiveness, learning strategy, power, patient and learner safety and readiness to practice, interprofessional curriculum, roles and relationships, and learning outcomes.

The presence of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and histamine in foodstuffs indicate the level of deterioration in the quality of food and cause poisoning.Sie Baluis the Acehnese dried meat preserved by the addition of salt, acid and dried, but the long processing and drying it under the sun can cause microbial contamination in meat products. Irradiation can eliminate bacteria in foodstuffs. This study aimed to determine the amount of LAB and histamine levels ofSie Baluafter irradiation doses of 5, 7 and 9 kGy and stored 2 to 4 months.Sie Baluwas made of fresh beef 5 kg, dried in the sun to dry, vacuumed and irradiated with gamma rays. The samples for LAB determination cultured in MRS agar and incubated at 37C for 24 hours. The number of colonies was counted using Total Plate Count. The histamine level ofSie Baluconducted by ELISA. Irradiation did not significantly (P0.05) affect the amount of LAB, but the shelf life significantly (P0.05) affected the amount of LAB inSie Balu. Extending the shelf life up to 4 months can increase the amount of LAB. Irradiation dose and shelf life had no effect on histamine levels ofSie Balu(P0.05). This study concluded that irradiatedSie Balucannot be stored for more than two months.

This study aimed to study the effect of antibiotic on phospholipase production ofStaphylococcus aureusisolated from preputium of Aceh cattle. The parameters measured in this study were PzI ofStaphylococcus aureuswithout any treatment, and PzI ofS. aureusafter being given antibiotics. The experiment was carried out by modifying the Samaranayake method on egg yolk agar media, incubated at 37 C for 48 hours, and the precipitation lines formed was measured. The antibiotics used were tetracycline, oxytetracycline and fosfomycin with concentrations of 10%, 20% and 30% (mg / mL, respectively). The results showed that phospholipase production ofS. aureusisolated from preputium of Aceh cattle was suppressed, antibiotics were able to inhibit phospholipase production. However, the enzyme was still produced in positive category, with PzI = 0.287, the highest result was found in 30% tetracycline activity, which is equal to PzI = 0.341 and the lowest was in 10% fosfomycin which is equal to PzI = 0.332

The research was conducted in Sumber Harapan Village, Tinggi Raja District, Asahan Regency, North Sumatra Province, in 2016, using field survey methods, questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data was obtained from the local Livestock Service Office, primary data sourced from respondents by purposive random sampling, as many as 15 of goat farmer in scale of 3-5 heads / farmers and 10 cocoa farmers. Each farmer has a land area of around 1000 m2 and has 100 cocoa trees, producing around 5.7 to 6.5 kg/tree/ week. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and economic feasibility analysis of B/C ratio. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic feasibility of goat and cocoa farming businesses. The results showed that, almost all of the land belonged by farmers. The farmer business continue to run well, the worker of the goats business and cocoa is quite different. For the goats business as much as 160.56 days/year and for cocoa businesses 262.28 days/year. The profit of goat as much 5.392.060 IDR/year B/C 1.8. The capital of expenditure was 1.714.200 IDR/year. So that the profits obtained 3.677.860 IDR/year. The advantage of cocoa farmers is 67.507.200 IDR/ year B/C 2.7, The capital of expenditure of 7.2142.00 IDR/year. So that the cocoa profits obtained of 60.293.000 IDR/year. It is concluded that the goat and cacao business can be profitable for farmers. Then the business as financially economically feasible to develop further.

In poultry, feeding diets including high concentrations of non-starch polysaccharides limits growth rate and feed conversion ratio, and causes problems in health and welfare because of the production of wet droppings. This problem is becoming more important as pressure builds to reduce costs by using alternative sources of dietary protein, such as lupin grain, rather than fish- or soybean-meal. We therefore tested whether enzymes that break down non-starch polysaccharides can overcome the problems with a lupin-based diet fed to Japanese quail. Chicks (18 days old) were allocated among 8 treatments, each replicated 3 times, with 12 chicks per replicate (ie, 36 birds per treatment). Chicks were fed diets formulated to contain 24% crude protein and 12 MJ/kg apparent metabolisable energy (AME). The diets included 10% or 20% lupin meal and, for each level of lupin, they were formulated in one of four ways: 1) no enzyme; 2) pectinase (1.4 U/g polygalacturonase and 0.2 U/g pectinesterase); 3) xylanase (1,4 endo-xylanase; 0.38 U/g); 4) combination of the above pectinase and xylanase treatments. The results indicated that, from age 28 days of age, both lupin content and enzyme treatment significantly (P 0.05) affected chick performance. Compared with the no-enzyme control, enzyme treatments improved growth at 35 days by 45-50% (P 0.05) and feed conversion ratio by 20-30% (P 0.05) for both levels of lupin content. In addition, dry matter digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy were significantly improved by the combined enzyme treatment for both levels of lupin inclusion. We conclude that pectinase and xylanase can overcome the negative effects of the non-starch polysaccharides in lupin meal, improving the growth of quail chicks fed lupin-based diets, and that the enzymes work best when combined.

The success breeding business of PE goat is closely related to reproductive performance and mortality rates between maternal and calve so that a case study is needed on the reproductive performance of PE Doe. The study was conducted in Taruna Sejahtera Group in Simalungun District, North Sumatera. Twenty nine of PE Does was used. Method was case study. Data was taken from recording list and interview then anlyzed descriptively. The results showed that reproduction characteristics of PE Doe: puberty age 10 month, first mating age 14 month, litter sizes 2 heads, weaning age 2 month, days open 90 days (3 month), post partum mating 4-7 month, calving interval 10 month, milk production averaged 1,2 liter/head/day and parity 4-5 times/head.