This study was conducted to validate the DRG Cortisol ELISA EIA-1887 Germany kit for measure the concentration of stress hormone metabolites (cortisol) from the feces and its correlation to the stressor factor in captive elephants in PKG and CRU of Aceh. These factors are location, diet and presence of livestock. There is no special treatment, observation based on the activity, behavior or natural condition of the animals. The sampling technique was non invasive, fresh dung samples of each (20 gram) were collected from 25 elephants in CRU and PKG. Feces taken in the morning (before the animals are bathed) along with the observation of animal behavior. All samples were collected and stored at -200C until the analysis process. The validation test are analytic (parallelilmsm) and biological validation test. The analytic test result (paralillsm), showed that the sample curve was not parallel to the standard curve, but crossed the standard curve. While the results of biological validation test, DRG Cortisol ELISA EIA-1887 Germany kit can measure the concentration of cortisol hormone feces of Sumatran elephant and able to describe the difference of cortisol concentration relation to physiological events (stress vs non-stress). The mean values of cortisol metabolite concentrations from PKG Saree (Komplek PKG and Hutan Seunapet), Sampoiniet CRU, Cot Girek, Das Peusangan, Meulaboh and Aceh Timur were (577 ng/g and 400 ng/g), 435ng /g, 419ng /g, 517ng / g, 401ng/g and 425ng /g. The measurement results correlate with the physiological conditions and observed factors.

Abstract

On April 2016, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University (VTH FKH IPB) received 4 cases of femoral fractures in cats caused by trauma. Two cats suffered oblique diaphysis fracture femoral, one cat suffered comminuted diaphysis fracture femoral, and one cat suffered epiphyseal fracture femoral (column femoral and trochanter major). All cats were treated by open surgery using intramedullary pins (Steinmann) and cerclage wires (Kirschner). Fracture recovery went without complication and all cats were able to move their feet one week after surgery.

This study was aimed to measure the prevalence and the association of altitude of location of raising to the risk of infestation of gastrointestinal nematode in cattle. The study was conducted using cross sectional approach. A purposive sampling method was used to select the location of study (subdistricts and villages) in the two Districts. The inclusion criteria for the lowland were the location with altitude 200 m above sea level and the subdistricts (villages) of North Aceh District. The exclusion criteria for lowland was the location 200 m above sea level. Then, the inclusion criteria for the highland were the location with altitude 200 m above sea level and the subdistricts (villages) of Central Aceh District. The exclusion criteria for lowland was the location 200 m above sea level. A random sampling was used for selection of cattle for collecting faecal sample in two locations of study. A total number of 201 cattle, both male and female, were obtained for taking faecal sample from the two Districts. Faecal sample was examined for the existence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematode. The examination was conducted using floating method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The measurement of association of altitude of location of cattle raising and sex of animals to the risk of infestation of gastrointestinal nematode were analyzed using odds ratio (OR) estimation and continued with chi-square test. The results showed a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal nematode infestation in cattle of Lowland location (25%) as compared to Highland (5.8%). As for the altitude, the cattle raising in Lowland were more than 5 times higher risk for infestation of gastrointestinal nematode as compared to Higher land location (P0.005). The female cattle in Lowland was higher risk (6.18) for infestation than Highland (P0.01). A similar trend was obtained for male cattle which higher risk in Lowland (4.12) as compared to Highland, but it was not significant (P0.05). In conclusion, by considering the altitude of location, the cattle raising in Lowland were more than 5 times higher risk for infestation of gastrointestinal nematode as compared to Higher land location. There is a variation of risk between female and male cattle in different altitude.

The need for wheat in Indonesia continues to increase and reaches 3.9 million tons per year. Around 80% of this requirement are supplied from, Canada, Australia and the United States. Gayo highland that belongs to the territory of Aceh province is potential for wheat plantation in Indonesia. Wheat plantation, however, faces various problems, one of them is pest attack. Various insect species come to wheat plantation and are predicted to get food sources both from vegetative and generative stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate composition and diversity of insect species in wheat plant either in vegetative or generative stages by adopting survey method. The results showed that total insects found in wheat plants were 2,858 individuals covering 13 ordos. Occurrence and diversity of the insects, either in vegetative and generative stages, tend to similar.

Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) was one of five big mammals in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP). Cytogenetic study was a part of conservation effort for sumatran elephant, especially in conservation genetic field. Captive sumatran elephants blood in Elephant Training Center (ETC) WKNP was collected to karyotype analysis. Captive sumatran elephants chromosome was analyzed by squashing technique with pretreating cells in a hypotonic solution. The study of karyotypes were made by giemsa staining applied to captive elephants blood cell. The diploid number of captive sumatran elephant was 56 both in male and female. The karyotype analysis performed different fundamental number in male and female, both of total fundamental number (FN) and autosomal fundamental number (FNa). Chromosome of female sumatran elephant showed the FN = 8, and FNa = 6, but in male sumatran elephant FN = 7, and FNa = . The karyotypes of X chromosome was large submetacentric and Y chromosome was small acrocentric.. The karyotype presented here will compilled with DNA fingerprinting analysis of all captive sumatran elephant in ETC WKNP as references in future breeding policy.

The study was conducted in the village Payangkalang Parangloe District of Gowa in South Sulawesi in 2017, with the field survey method Substance himself to Bali beef cattle breeders, through interviews and questionnaires to 18 farmers, by the way (sample random sampling). Respondents beef cattle breeders, classified into 2 (two) business model with a scale of 2 adult males and 3 females scale adult stem, this data will be analyzed using economic analysis of income B/C. Based on the information that the beef cattle population of Bali is quite a many, so that the criterion for consideration for the study area. Beside that all cattle breeders Bali is already a member of a group of farmers. The results showed that net profit in the maintenance of Bali beef cattle female parent of $13.381.250/year with B/C ratio of 1.2 and a gain on the maintenance of male cattle Bali for $ 3.881.250 year, with B/C ratio of 1.1. To maintain a profitable cattle faremr cows, while the majority of beef cattle Bali parent can still be maintained as an investment for the procreation of children next year.

Genus Artemisia occurs as a hardy plant and has a wide range of culinary and medicinal features. In this study, we aimed to describe the melanin inhibitory activity of one Artemisia species, i.e., Artemisia capillaris Thunb. Ethanol extracts of fermented Artemisia capillaris (Art.EtOH.FT) and non-fermented Artemisia capillaris (Art.EtOH.CT) were tested for their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity and melanin pigmentation. Both extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition against alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone−stimulated melanin formation and tyrosinase activity, without cytotoxicity. At 100 ㎍/mL, both extracts showed greater inhibition than kojic acid, the positive control. Protein expressions of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) at the transcriptional level were determined by using real-time and semi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. To complete the mechanistic study, presences of upstream elements of MITF, the phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), and phosphorylated−mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (p-MEK) were confirmed by using western blot analysis. Expressions of p-TYR, p-TRP-1 and p-TRP2, downstream factors for p-ERK and p-MITF, were translationally inhibited by both extracts. Art.EtOH.FT induced more potent effects than Art.EtOH.CT, especially signal transduction effects. In summary, Artemisia capillaris extracts appear to act as potent hypopigmentation agents.

A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, CD3+ CD4+ , CD3+ CD8+ , CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSVspecific interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages (CD172α+ PRRSV-N+ PAM) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of CD172α+ PRRSV-N+ PAM (p 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p 0.05) negative correlations with CD3+ CD4+ CD8+ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of CD3+ CD8+ and CD3+ CD4+ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p

Canine coronavirus is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes enteritis in dogs of any age. Coronaviral enteritis is seldom definitively diagnosed, since it is usually much less severe than many other types of enteritis and is self-limiting. Conventional diagnostics for the canine coronaviral enteritis such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), virus isolation, and electron microscopic examination are inappropriate for small animal clinics due to the complicated experimental processes involved. Therefore, a commercially available lateral flow test kit based on chromatographic immunoassay techniques was tested to evaluate its performance as a first-line diagnostic test kit that could be used in clinics. The coronavirus antigen test kit detected canine coronavirus-infected dogs with 93.1% sensitivity and 97.5% specificity. The detection limit of the test kit was between 1.97 × 104 /mL and 9.85 × 103 /mL for samples with a 2- fold serial dilution from 1.25 × 106 TCID50 (TCID50, 50% tissue culture infectious dose). Additionally, the test kit had no cross-reactivity with canine parvovirus, distemper virus, or Escherichia coli. Overall, the commercially available test kit showed good diagnostic performance in a clinical setting, with results similar to those from PCR, confirming their potential for convenient and accurate use in small animal clinics.