O objetivo deste estudo clínico, radomizado e prospectivo, foi comparar as concentrações sanguíneas de glicose e cortisol entre equinos recebendo xilazina e detomidina para procedimentos cirúrgicos e não-cirúrgicos. Os equinos dos grupos não-cirúrgicos receberam 0,5 mg/kg de xilazina (grupo GX, n=5) ou 0,01 mg/kg de detomidina (grupo GD, n=5) para realização de exame gastroscópico. Os equinos dos grupos cirúrgicos receberam doses semelhantes de xilazina (grupo AX, n=7) ou detomidina (grupo AD, n=7), seguindo-se a indução anestésica com 2 mg/kg de cetamina e 0,05 mg/kg de diazepam para realização de procedimento artroscópico durante anestesia com isofluorano. As amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes da administração do alfa-2 agonista (basal) e após 10, 30, 60 e 90 minutos. Todos os grupos tiveram um aumento significativo da glicemia, a partir de 30 até 90 minutos da administração do alfa-2 agonista, em relação ao basal. Após receber o alfa-2 agonista, o grupo AD apresentou glicemia (118-150 mg/dL) significativamente maior que os grupos GD (99-119 mg/dL) e AX (97-116 mg/dL). Não houve diferenças significativas da concentração de cortisol dentro de cada grupo. Entretanto, o grupo AX apresentou níveis de cortisol (3,6-3,7 mg/dL) significativamente mais baixos que o grupo GX (5,4-5,7 mg/dL), a partir de 30 até 90 minutos da administração de xilazina. Concluímos que a glicemia apresentou valor mais elevadoapós a administração de detomidina para realização de procedimento cirúrgico, comparado à xilazina administrada também para procedimento cirúrgico, e para procedimento não-cirúrgico. A concentração sérica de cortisol foi minimamente influenciada pela administração de xilazina e detomidina independentemente dos procedimentos serem cirúrgicos ou não-cirúrgicos | <p>The aim of this prospective randomized clinical study was to compare blood glucose and cortisol levels between horses receiving xylazine and detomidine for surgical and non-surgical procedures. Horses from non-surgical groups received 0.5 mg/kg of xylazine (GX group, n=5) or 0.01 mg/kg of detomidine (GD group, n=5) for gastroscopic examination. Horses from the surgical groups received similar doses of xylazine (AX group, n=7) or detomidine (AD group, n=7), followed by anesthetic induction with 2 mg/kg of ketamine and 0.05 mg/kg of diazepam for an arthroscopic procedure under isoflurane anesthesia. Blood samples were obtained prior to the alpha-2 agonist administration (baseline) and after 10, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. All groups had a significant increase in blood glucose from 30 to 90 minutes after alpha-2 agonist administration, compared to baseline. After receiving the alpha-2 agonist, the AD group had blood glucose levels (118-150 mg/dL) significantly higher than GD (99-119 mg/dL) and AX (97-116 mg/dL) groups. Cortisol had no significant changes within a group. However, the AX group had cortisol levels (3.6-3.7 mg/dL) significantly lower than GX group (5.4-5.7 mg/dL) from 30 to 90 minutes after xylazine administration. We concluded that blood glucose levels were when detomidine was administered for surgical procedure, compared to xylazine also for surgical procedure, and non-surgical procedure. Serum cortisol was minimally affected by administration of xylazine and detomidine regardless procedures were surgical or non-surgical.</p>

<p>A Leishmaniose visceral em cães é descrita como uma doença de caráter crônico na qual os principais sintomas são perda progressiva de peso, caquexia e lesões dermatológicas. Recentemente, a doença tem sido relacionada com alterações neurológicas. Um total de 40 cães portadores de leishmaniose visceral foi dividido em dois grupos. O primeiro composto por cães sem sintomas neurológicos (n=30) e o segundo grupo composto por cães com sintomas neurológicos (n=10). Amostras de encéfalo foram coletadas e armazenadas em formalina tamponada, para realização de imunoistoquímica para a pesquisa de formas amastigotas de <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi</em>, linfócitos T CD3+, CD4+ e CD8+ e macrófagos. A reação de imunoistoquímica não revelou formas amastigotas do parasita. Linfócitos T estavam presentes em 24/30 (80%) dos cães sem sintomas neurológicos e em todos os cães do segundo grupo (p=0,0011). Linfócitos CD4+ e CD8+ raramente foram observados, apresentando imunomarcação para CD4+ em 10/40 (25%) dos cães e em metade dos animais do grupo neurológico (p=0,0090). A presença de CD8+ foi detectada em 4/10 (40%) cães com doenças neurológicas (p=0,0021). Macrófagos foram observados em 38/40 (95%) cães, sem diferença estatística significante entre os dois grupos (p= 0,7664).</p> | <p>Visceral leishmaniasis in dogs is described as a chronic disease whose main symptoms are progressive weigth loss, cachexy and dermatologic lesions. Recently, the disease has been associated to neurologic disorders. A total of 40 dogs with visceral leishmaniasis were divided into two groups. The first composed of dogs without neurological signs (n=30) and the second by dogs with neurological disorders (n=10). Brain samples were collected, stored in 10% buffered formalin and subjected to immunohistochemical examination for amastigotes forms of <em>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi, </em>CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. Imunnohistochemistry evaluation revealed no amastigote forms of the parasite. CD3+ T lymphocytes were present in 24/30 (80%) dogs without neurological signs and in all dogs from the second group (p=0.0011). CD4+ and CD8+ were rarely observed, with CD4+ immunostaining in 10/40 (25%) dogs, from which half of them had neurological disease (p=0.0090). The presence of CD8+ was detected only in 4/10 (40%) dogs from neurological group (p=0.0021). Macrophages were detected in 38/40 (95%) dogs, without significant differences between groups (p=0.7664).</p>

Neste estudo, foram utilizados 25 crânios de cães adultos, s.r.d., de ambos os sexos, todos mesaticéfalos. Foram realizadas medidas craniométricas para as diferentes partes do crânio. Os índices cefálicos e as proporções foram calculados. Obteve-se medidas a partir dos índices craniométricos ínio, bregma, násio, próstio, básio, eurio, zígio e pogônio. Calculou-se a altura do crânio (41,92 mm ± 3,9), o comprimento do crânio (177,72 mm ± 16,22), do neurocrânio (96,84 mm ± 7,25), do viscerocrânio (79,24 mm ± 8,72), basal (140,24 mm ± 12,21), condilobasal (149,32 mm ± 12,21), do focinho (69,84 mm ± 7,07), dos ossos nasais (50,08 mm ± 6,77), da mandíbula (129,88 mm ± 16,3) e do palato (76,84 mm ± 7,01); e a largura do neurocrânio (62,24 mm ± 3,8) e zigomática (95,44 mm ± 7,85). Além disso, foram calculados os índices do crânio (53,83 mm ± 3,36), do neurocrânio (64,48 mm ± 4,69), facial (121,06 mm ± 9,18) e o basal (44,64 mm ± 4,17). Também foram realizadas medidas na área occipital, que incluíram a largura entre processos jugulares (41 mm ± 4,2), entre os côndilos occipitais (35,48 mm ± 3,21), e do forame magno (17,48 mm ± 2,27); a altura do triângulo occipital (38,28 mm ± 3,35), do forame magno (14,36 mm ± 1,07), o comprimento da incisura dorsal (16,1 mm ± 1,12) e o índice do forame magno (83,71 mm ± 14,44). Embora com algumas diferenças nas mensurações, não houve diferença significativa entre as dimensões observadas e as relatadas para crânios mesaticéfalo. | In this study, a total of 25 skulls of the adult, mongrel and mesaticephalics dogs were used. Craniometric measurements for different parts of the skull were made. Cephalic indices and ratios were calculated. Certain points and landmarks on the skull are recognized in making linear measurements and are inion, bregma, nasion, prosthion, pogonion, basion, euryon, and zygion. Skull height (41,92 mm ± 3,9), skull length (177,72 mm ± 16,22), neurocranium (96,84 mm ± 7,25), viscerocranial (79,24 mm ± 8,72), basal length (140,24 mm ± 12,21), condylobasal (149,32 mm ± 12,21), snout (69,84 mm ± 7,07), nasals (50,08 mm ± 6,77), mandibular (129,88 mm ± 16,3), and of palatal (76,84 mm ± 7,01); width of neurocranium (62,24 mm ± 3,8), and zygomatic (95,44 mm ± 7,85) were obtained. Therefore, were calculated cranial index (53,83 mm ± 3,36), neurocranium (64,48 mm ± 4,69), facial (121,06 mm ± 9,18), basal (44,64 mm ± 4,17), width of the jugular processes (41 mm ± 4,2), of occipital condyles (35,48 mm ± 3,21), and of the foramen magnum (17,48 mm ± 2,27); height of the occipital triangle (38,28 mm ± 3,35), of the foramen magnum (14,36 mm ± 1,07); length of the dorsal notch (16,1 mm ± 1,12), and foramen magnum index (83,71 mm ± 14,44). Although with some differences in measurements, no significant difference was observed between the dimensions and reported to mesaticephalic skulls.

A frequência de equinos soro-reagentes para o vírus da Anemia Infecciosa Equina (AIE) foi investigada, durante o ano de 2010, em 5615 animais originários de 209 municípios de três estados do nordeste do Brasil: Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará. Os soros foram examinados com o emprego do teste de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) produzido com o antígeno p26. Dos 5615 animais examinados, 151 (2,69%) foram soropositivos. As proporções de animais reatores positivos por estado foram: Paraíba (2,86%), Rio Grande do Norte (1,29%) e Ceará (3,10%). Tomando-se por base a menor proporção de resultados positivos encontrada no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, o estado da Paraíba apresentou uma odds ratio de 2,64 (IC 95% = 1,33-5,36; p = 0,004) e o Ceará de 2,87 (IC 95% = 1,48-5,71; p = 0,001). Na Paraíba houve o registro de animais soropositivos em todos os meses do ano, com frequência mínima (0,58%) em julho e máxima (5,82%) em junho; no Rio Grande do Norte de março a maio e de julho a novembro, com variação de 0% em janeiro, fevereiro, junho e dezembro a 3,61% em maio; e no Ceará em todos os meses com frequência mínima (1,10%) em agosto e máxima (7,29%) no mês de dezembro.<br /> | During the year of 2010 the frequency of equines sero-reactants to the Infectious Anemia vírus (EIA) was investigated in 5,615 animals originated from 209 counties of three northeastern brazilian states: Paraíba, Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. The serum samples were examined by an agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) produced with p26 antigen. Of the 5,615 animals examined 151 (2.69%) were seropositive to EIA. The proportion of seroreactant animals per state were: Paraíba (2.86%), Rio Grande do Norte (1.29%) and Ceará (3.10%). Paraíba presented an odds ratio of 2.64 (95% CI = 1.33-5.36; p = 0.004), while Ceará had an odds ratio of 2.87 (95% CI = 1.48-5.71; p = 0.001) both of them compared with Rio Grande do Norte. Paraíba had seropositive animals in all months of the year, with frequency ranging from 0.58% in July to 5.82% in June; in Rio Grande do Norte from March to May and from July to November ranging from 0% in January, February, June and December to 3.61% in May; and in Ceará in all months ranging from 1.10% in August to 7.29% in December.

Os cães são dependentes de seus proprietários para a determinação de seus cuidados gerais, saúde e bem-estar, incluindo a realização de vacinas contra doenças infecciosas. Para obter maiores informações sobre as práticas de vacinação realizadas em cães de uma amostra populacional da região sul do estado do Espírito Santo, realizou-se este estudo por meio de enquetes aplicadas a proprietários de cães desta região, totalizando 344 entrevistas. As análises estatísticas de frequência e correlação foram realizadas. A enquete foi constituída por perguntas referentes à realização de vacinação em cães e ciência dos protocolos vacinais pelos proprietários, além de levantar dados quanto ao custo da realização de vacinas, a abrangência das campanhas públicas de vacinação antirrábica e nível socioeconômico dos entrevistados. Pode-se concluir que a campanha pública de vacinação antirrábica é satisfatória, uma vez que a maior parte da população estava ciente e realizava a vacina antirrábica anualmente, independentemente do nível de escolaridade. Por outro lado, a vacina polivalente é realizada por menos da metade da população estudada, sendo que os proprietários eram mais informados do protocolo vacinal de filhotes do que do protocolo anual de revacinação para adultos. Os proprietários com maior nível de escolaridade são mais instruídos quanto ao protocolo vacinal de cães. A vacinação ainda é realizada, em partes, por profissionais não especializados. Para que as práticas de vacinação sejam realizadas adequadamente e garantam a proteção dos cães contra doenças infecciosas, deve-se realizar uma conscientização dos proprietários com relação aos protocolos corretos e à necessidade de aplicação de vacinas por médicos veterinários. | Dogs are dependent on their owners to determine their general care, health and welfare, including the holding of vaccines against infectious diseases. This study was performed to gather more information on immunization practices performed in dogs by surveying owners of the southern of Espírito Santo State, totalizing 344 interviews. Statistical analysis of frequency and correlation were performed. The survey consisted of questions regarding the implementation of vaccination in dogs and aware of vaccine protocols by the owners, and also collect data about the cost of performing vaccines, the coverage of public campaigns of rabies vaccination and socioeconomic status of respondents. It was concluded that public campaign of rabies vaccination is satisfactory, as the most respondents was aware and performed that vaccines annually, independent of schooling level. Nevertheless, polyvalent vaccination is performed by less than a half of studied population, and owners were more aware about vaccination protocol in puppies than in adult dogs. Vaccination is still performed, in part, by non-specialist. The awareness of owners regarding correct protocols and application of vaccines by veterinarians should be performed to guarantee the properly vaccination practices and ensure the protection of dogs against infectious diseases.

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The development of the stomach of domestic mammals is a complex process, especially in ruminants. The aim of this study was to analyze this organ during prenatal period. Omasum samples of Nelore fetuses (Bos taurus indicus) were divided into five groups of six samples each: 1- fetuses from 9 to 15 weeks (8 to 21cm) of gestation, 2 - fetuses from 16 to 22 weeks (23 to37cm), 3 - fetuses from 23 to 29 weeks (40 to 58cm), 4 - fetuses from 30 to 36 weeks (61 to 77cm) and 5 - fetuses from 37 to43 weeks (79 to 88cm). The histological sections were stained with Hematoxyl in and Eosin and Picrossirius and examined by light microscopy. In fetuses of 11 cm it was observed mucosa with uniform primary, secondary and tertiary blades and all layers present. The fetus with 13.5 cm presented quaternary blades emergence, papillae on primary and secondary blades and formation of the muscularis mucosae. At 28 cm it were observed papillae in development, as well as the blades, especially the quaternary. In 42 cm fetuses was early epithelial keratinization and at 56 cm it was fully keratinized. In 60 cm fetuses the blades presented large papillae with tapered apex and at 65 cm there was decreased epithelium and increase of the muscle layer. In the fetus of 83 cm it were observed thin sections, discrete muscularis mucosa and papillae over the entire organ surface. It was concluded that the blades and papillae were structures that presented more changes during fetal development.</span></p> | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">O desenvolvimento do estômago de mamíferos domésticos é um processo complexo, especialmente em ruminantes. Essa pesquisa analisou o desenvolvimento desse órgão durante o período pré-natal. Foram utilizadas amostras de omaso de fetos da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) divididos em cinco grupos com seis amostras cada: 1º – fetos com 9 a 15 semanas (8 a 21cm) de gestação, 2º – fetos com 16 a 22 semanas (23 a 37cm), 3º – fetos com 23 a 29 semanas (40 a 58cm), 4º – fetos com 30 a 36 semanas (61 a 77cm) e 5º– fetos com 37 a 43 semanas (79 a 88cm). Os cortes histológicos foram corados com Hematoxilina e Eosina e Picrossirius e examinados ao microscópio de luz. No feto de 11 cm, foi observado mucosa com lâminas primárias, secundárias e terciárias uniformes e demais camadas presentes. No feto de 13,5 cm surgiram as lâminas quaternárias, papilas nas lâminas primárias e secundárias e a formação da muscular da mucosa. Aos 28 cm, as papilas estavam em pleno desenvolvimento, assim como as lâminas, principalmente as quaternárias. No feto de 42 cm houve início de queratinização epitelial e, no de 56 cm, estava totalmente queratinizado. No feto de 60 cm, as lâminas possuíam papilas grandes e afiladas no ápice e, aos 65 cm, houve diminuição do epitélio e aumento da camada muscular. O feto de 83 cm apresentou lâminas delgadas, muscular da mucosa discreta e papilas por toda a superfície. Concluiu-se que as lâminas e papilas foram as estruturas que mais apresentaram modificações durante o desenvolvimento fetal.</p>

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">Analisou-se a ocorrência da Falha de Transferência da Imunidade Passiva (FTIP) em 45 cordeiros nascidos de ovelhas saudáveis e pluríparas. Estes animais foram acompanhados do nascimento até o desmame (90 dias), por meio de avaliações físicas, do hemograma, determinação de proteínas séricas totais e seu fracionamento eletroforético entre 24-72h pós-nascimento (p.n.), aos 7, 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias de idade (quando era realizada a desmama). Adotando-se o ponto de corte para proteínas séricas totais da ordem de 4,5g/dL, obteve-se a ocorrência de FTIP de 24,4% (11 animais). Os cordeiros com FTIP apresentaram menores valores (p&lt;0,05) de proteínas séricas, albumina, alfaglobulina, betaglobulina 1 e gamaglobulinas entre 24-72h p.n. quando comparados aos dos 34 animais que não tiveram FTIP. 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mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">It was analyzed the occurrence of the failure of passive transfer (FTIP) of the immunity 45 born lambs of healthy and pluriparous ewes. These animals were accompanied from the birth to the wean (90 days), when clinical evaluations were accomplished, hemogram, determination of total serum proteins and their electrophoretic fractions, 24-72h after the birth, to the 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of age (at the same time of the wean). Adopting the cut point for total serum proteins of the order of 4.5g/dL, it was obtained the occurrence of FTIP of 24.4% (11 animals). The lambs with FTIP presented lowers values (p&lt;0.05) of serum proteins, albumin, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin 1 and gamma globulins when compared to the 34 animals that have no FTIP. However, from 7th days of life it was not observed significant differences of these variables between groups, indicating the occurrence of a process of active production of proteins by group FTIP.</span></p>

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that primarily affects pregnant women, neonates, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals, and it may cause abortion, septicemia, and meningitis. From the 13 capsular groups described, serotypes 4b, 1/2b and 1/2a are most closely related to human infection. For this reason, serotyping has limited value as an epidemiological tool; thus, improved discriminatory typing methods are required to enhance knowledge of L. monocytogenes contamination and infection. The aim of this study was to characterize the genetic diversity of L. monocytogenes isolates in the pork processing industry in Sao Paulo, Brazil and human infection isolates by ERICPCR and single enzyme AFLP. Serotypes 1/2c and 4b were frequent among isolates from pork and slaughterhouse/market environments, whereas serotypes 4b and 1/2a were observed among human isolates. ERIC-PCR and AFLP revealed 34 and 31 distinct profiles, respectively, which had tendencies of separation according to serogroup and isolate origin. The genetic profiles from slaughterhouse and market environments suggest the possibility of different sources of Listeria contamination in the environment, although in certain cases, continuous contamination caused by the persistence of clonal strains is also a possibility.</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> 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mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--> | <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">Listeria monocytogenes é um importante patógeno de origem alimentar que afeta principalmente grávidas, neonatos, idosos e indivíduos imunocomprometidos, e pode causar abortamento, septicemia e meningite. Dos 13 grupos capsulares descritos, os sorotipos 4b, 1/2b e 1/2a são os mais relacionados à infecção humana. Por esta razão, a sorotipagem possui valor limitado como ferramenta epidemiológica e, dessa forma, métodos mais discriminatórios são necessários para melhorar o conhecimento sobre a contaminação e a infecção por L. monocytogenes. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a diversidade genética de isolados de L. monocytogenes da indústria de processamento de carne suína no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e compará-los a isolados de casos de infecção humana através do ERIC-PCR e AFLP com uma única enzima. Os sorotipos 1/2c e 4b foram frequentes em carne suína e ambientes de abatedouros e mercados, enquanto os sorotipos 4b e 1/2a foram observados nos isolados de humanos. ERIC-PCR e AFLP resultaram em 34 e 31 perfis distintos, respectivamente, com uma tendência a separar de acordo com o sorogrupo e a origem do isolado. Os perfis genéticos de ambiente dos abatedouros e mercados sugerem a possibilidade de diferentes origens de contaminação por Listeria nos ambientes estudados, porém, em alguns casos, é possível que ocorra a persistência de cepas clonais causando contaminação contínua.</p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> 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<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal">O papel dos psitacídeos como reservatório de Escherichia coli patogênicas para aves (APEC) não é conhecido, mas será útil para a compreensão da interface humano-animal, uma vez que a microbiota entérica destas aves é composta por bactérias Gram-positivas. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a presença de APEC em fezes de Guaruba guarouba clinicamente saudáveis. Para isso, foram isoladas e analisadas E. coli presentes em fezes cloacais coletadas de 87 psitacídeos, alojados em seis zoológicos, três criatórios comerciais e um criatório conservacionista. Das 87 aves examinadas, 46 (52,87%) apresentaram E. coli nas fezes. A presença de oito genes de virulência foi determinada pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA, e papC, e 29 (63,04%) dos 46 isolados foram positivos para pelo menos um dos oito genes estudados. A frequência dos genes de virulência observada nos isolados de E. coli foi 32.6% (15/46) irp2, 26% (12/46) iucD, 19.5% iss (9/46), 17.4% vat (8/46), 17.4% cvi/cva (8/46), 8.7% tsh (4/46), 4.4% astA (2/46) e 0% papC (0/46). Os isolados foram agrupados em 13 perfis genotípicos de acordo com combinações de genes de virulência, mas apenas duas amostras foram classificadas como APEC, com o perfil iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp + e iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp, tsh, iuc, iss, +. Este estudo revela a presença de APEC em aves de cativeiro (G. guarouba) clinicamente saudáveis, sugerindo que estes psitacídeos possam atuar como reservatórios de micro-organismos patogênicos. 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Name="TOC Heading"/> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} </style> <![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">The role of psittacine birds as a reservoir of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is not known but would be helpful in understanding the human – animal interface, since the enteric microbiota of these birds consists of Gram positive bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of APEC in feces of clinically healthy Guaruba guarouba. To do this, we isolated and analyzed E. coli from cloacal fecal samples taken from 87 psittacine birds from six zoologic parks, three commercial breeders and one conservation breeder. Of the 87 birds examined, 46 (52.87%) presented E. coli in feces. The presence of the following eight virulence genes was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR): irp2, iucD, iss, vat, cvi/cva, tsh, astA, and papC, and 29 (63.04%) of 46 E. coli isolates tested were positive at least one of the eight genes studied. The frequency of virulence genes observed in isolates of E. coli were 32.6% (15/46) irp2, 26% (12/46) iucD, 19.5% iss (9/46), 17.4% vat (8/46), 17.4% cvi/cva (8/46), 8.7% tsh (4/46), 4.4% astA (2/46) and 0% papC (0/46). The isolates were grouped in 13 genotypic profiles according to virulence gene combinations, but only 2 isolates were classified as APEC, with the pattern iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp + and iuc, iss, cvi/cva, irp, tsh, vat +. This study reveals the presence of APEC in clinically healthy captive G. guarouba, suggesting that these psittacine birds may act as reservoir for pathogenic microorganisms. Epidemiological studies are needed to determine the relevance of this species as a reservoir and the implications for conservation of endangered species G. guarouba.</span></p>