The objective of the present work was to investigate the anatomical and histological structures of haemolymph nodes in the adult water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). Methodology: the morphology of haemolymph nodes from 5 adult water deer was studied by gross inspection and by histological methods. Results: the haemolymph nodes were determined for the first time in water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus). The nodes located in the neck on the trachea, thoracic and abdominal cavities in water deer. Dark red in color and oval- or round shaped haemolymph nodes in water deer were observed particularly along the abdominal aorta and caudal vena cava; as well as on the trachea along the jugular vein, on the internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein and on the aortic arch. These nodes had a hilus with hilar vessels, which entered the haemolymph nodes through the trabeculae as trabecular artery. The parenchyma was organized in the form of cortex and medulla. Lymphoid rim was located between subcapsular sinus and cortex. The cortex was composed of a many secondary lymphoid follicles and diffuses interfollicular lymphoid tissue, and medulla contained medullary cords and medullary sinuses. A reticular meshwork extended throughout the haemolymph nodes formed the structure backbone. The interstices of the reticular meshwork were filled with free blood cells, many macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Conclusion: the dark red haemolymph nodes of water deer examined were seen along the course of large blood vessels in the neck on the trachea, thoracic and abdominal cavities. This is first study has demonstrated the presence of haemolymph nodes in water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) and provided essential information on their anatomical and histological structures. The data obtained in the present study may be used for further research in this field

The oral use of pregabalin was evaluated in this study to reveal its effects on some hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory mice. The animals of this study were divided into three groups (twelve mice each). The control group was fed on a standard ration. The first treated group (Pregabalin 1) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing Pregabalin (20 mg/ml/mice/ day). The second treated group (Pregabalin 2) were dosed orally with one ml of distilled water containing pregabalin (40mg/ml/mice/ day). The experiment continued for two successive months. The results showed that the use of pregabalin caused a significant declination in R.B.C., HGB, HCT, W.B.C., M.C.V., MCH, and MCHC of both treated groups compared them with control group and the declination was more significant in (pregabalin 2) group compared with (pregabalin 1) group. The RDWCV, RDW-SD, and PLT increased significantly in both treated groups as compared with those of the control group. However, PCT, PDW and MPV were not affected by the use of pregabalin except the MPV of (Pregabalin 2) group was significantly less than that of (Pregabalin 1) but without a significant difference compared with that of control. The Fe++, and GLU decreased significantly in both treated groups compared with the control and they declined more significantly in (Pregabalin 2) compared with (Pregabalin 1). Both the TP and Ca++ did not affected by the use of pregabalin compared with the control group (P≤0.05)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Electromagnetic field (EMF) and mobile phone radiation on some hematological, biochemical and hormonal levels. This study was achieved on 36 mature female rat, divided in to three groups each one consist of 12 animal , first group was control groups without exposure to any effects. Second group was exposed to electromagnetic field(50- 60 Hz) for 30 minutes daily for 45 days, third group was exposed to Mobile phone radiation for 30 minutes and the period of exposed was daily for 45 days. Blood samples were collected from treated and control rats about 6ml divided in to two tubes one with anticoagulation for complete blood test and other without anticoagulation for hormonal and biochemical analysis. Results revealed that there were significant( p≤0.05) decrease in RBC count when exposed to electromagnetic field and mobile radiation while that there were significant( p≤0.05) increase in WBC when were exposed to electromagnetic field. While there were significant( p≤0.05) decrease in WBC when female rats were exposure to mobile phone radiation. There were significant (p≤0.05) increase in cholesterol and triglyceride when exposed to electromagnetic field and mobile phone radiation, there was significant (p≤0.05 ) decrease in FSH level in mobile phone radiation group in compared with control and156 magnetic groups. Significant (p≤0.05) decreased in LH level of mobile groups compared with control groups. INTRODUCTI

This work aimed to confirm "The influence Salmonella on community-health (CH) and food-hygiene (FH) in raw-foods (RFs) and More-recent (MR) antibiotic sensitivity patterns to Salmonella. In Taif, (KSA), the results was (35.0, 25.0, 17.5, 10.0, 7.5 and 5.0%) for Salmonella types (Non typhi group D, Para typhi group B, Para typhi group A, Para typhi group C, Salmonella Spp and Enteritidis), respectively. The effect of antibiotics were (CAX, CFT, C, CP, T/S and AM) as (98.8, 97.7, 87.3, 85.3, 65.7 and 48.5%) respectively. The scores were (100, 89.5, 84.0, 83.3, 76.5 and 66.7%) for Salmonella (Spp., Non typhi group D, Para typhi group B, Enteritidis, Paratyphi group A and Paratyphi group C), respectively. The excellent MR antibiotics were (CAX, CFT, C, CP and T/S), the effect ratios were given 100%. The good MR antibiotics were (C, CP, CAX, T/S, CFT and AM), the effect ratios were given (75-100%). The approved MR antibiotics were (Am, T/S, C and CP), the effect ratios were given (50-75%). The not approved MR antibiotics were (AM, T/S and AM), the effect ratios were given (under 50%). That concluded must take the hygienic precautions and healthy measures such as non-use of antibiotics in animal and bird rations, monitoring of (slaughter-houses, grocery, stores, fast food shops and their employees), making "Rapid Treatment System" for infected individuals is recommended. The "Protective Medicine Unit" and "Municipals Unit" belong to MOH must be immediately follow the food bacterial contamination sources for healthy eradication that to protect the CH and FH

Brucellosis an intracellular pathogen capable of infecting animals and humans. The aim of this study was to identify Brucella spp in apparently healthy cow and goat raw milk samples by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method. A total of 75 cow milk samples(55 direct and 20 indirect) and 50 goat milk samples were examined by PCR. To establish a PCR protocol for diagnosis of brucellosis, DNA was extracted from the milk samples by using a commercial kit. PCR amplification was done for detection of Brucella DNA using BCSP31 target gene and IS711 locus. The PCR assay showed that an amplicon of 223 bp was obtained in 28% (21/75) and 8% (4/50) samples of cow and goat tested milk using primers (B4/B5) derived from aBCSP31gene encoding the 31-kDa Brucella abortus antigen. In another PCR, an amplicon of 498 bp was obtained in 100% (21/21) of the brucella genus BCSP31-PCR positive cow milk samples using Brucella abortus-specific primers derived from a locus adjacent to the 3’-end of IS711, and also an amplicon of 731 bp was produced in 100% (8/8) of the BCSP31-PCR positive goat milk samples using Brucella melitensis-specific primers.PCR positive results for brucella genus and brucella abortus species were observed in all (100%) cow,s milk samples(n=11) with clinical history of abortion.As a single PCR product, no B. abortus was detected in goat milk samples alsoB. Melitensis was not detected in cow milk samples

In the current study demonstrated the role of irradiation with stimulate the cells on division and accelerate of spermatogenesis in mice testis following low –level laser therapy and anti-inflammatory process. Twenty -eight healthy male and female mice .They were maintained in individual cages with free access to water and a pellet balanced commercial diet for mice . All animals have been weighing by using sensitive balance and the mean body of mice (25+_5 gm) . The stages of Q-S Switch Nd:YAG laser set-up with 632 nm 10 ns of pulse duration and 10 Hz of frequency to get a dose or energy density were : 1-set a single pulse on Q-Switch Nd:YAG laser using control panel with repetition rate of 10 Hz . Mice were irradiated to testes a 670 nm with intensity 4 J/cm2 /day .for seven days .But mice of control group without exposure any laser

The present study was aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of caffeine on Body weight and lipid profile in male rats treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) . Seventy Two adult male rats were used in this study . The study included two experiments ,in each experiments 36 males were randomly assigned two six equal groups of six animals in each group .The animals in both experiments were treated with the same substances and doses for each group as follows .Group one (control) animals were drenched normal saline ,Group two animals were treated (5.63 mg/kg. Bw )H2O2 daily by oral gavage also group three , animals were treated with low dose caffeine (150 mg /kg Bw) daily .Group four , animals were treated with high dose caffeine (250 mg /kg Bw) daily . Group five . animals were treated (5.63 mg/kg. Bw )H2O2 dose after 1 h animals were given low dose of caffeine (150 mg/kg Bw) .Group Six animal were treated with H2O2 dose(5.63 mg/kg Bw) each rat after one hour was given high dose of caffeine (250 mg /Kg Bw) . The first experiments lasted for one month and second experiments lasted for two months . At the end of the two experiments, animals of all group were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia .Blood samples were collected from the heart directly by cardiac puncture and the serum was separated to measure the lipid profile . The result revealed a significant decreased in body weight gain in H2O2in first and second experiments compared with control group . While a significant improvements were recorded in body weight gain in all treated groups compared with H2O2 group but still significantly lower compared with those of control group. A significant increase in TC ,TG and LDL-c were recorded in H2O2 group in both experiments compared with control group on the other hand no significant difference was recorded in HDL-c level in H2O2group in first experiments while a significant decreased was recorded in second experiments compared with control group . Finally a significant degrees of improvement were observed in lipid profile in all treated group compared with H2O2 .

This study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effect of selenium on reproductive efficiency of adult male rats with thyroid disturbance. Hypothyroidism state was induced by administration of antithyroid drug propylthiouracil (PTU) (50mg/kg.B.W.) and hyperthyroid state was induced by administration of LThyroxine(L-T4) (50μg/kg.B.W.). Selenium (Se) treated rat group was given sodium selenite (10 μg/kg.B.W.). Sixty adult male rats of (180-200 gm) body weight were used in this study and divided into six main groups. Control group, PTU treated group, L-T4 treated group, Se treated group, Se+PTU treated group and Se+L-T4 treated group. All these groups were drenched orally by gavage tube for two months. The obtained results revealed that hypothyroidism is accompanied by significant (P<0.05) decrease in serum T3, T4 concentrations compared with control and another treated groups and significant increase (P<0.05) in hyperthyroidism group a compared with control. On the other hand, TSH concentration showed a significant (P<0.05) increase in hypothyroidism group and significant decrease (P<0.05) in hyperthyroidism group as compared with control and another treated group. A significant decrease in serum concentrations of FSH, LH and testosterone have been shown in serum of hyper- and hypothyroidism groups. Semen analysis showed a significant decrease (P≤0.05) of epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility, and viability and a significant increase (P≤0.05) of sperm22 abnormalities were recorded in PTU and L-T4 groups compared with control and another treated group. While a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) of epididymal sperm concentration, sperm motility and viability and a significant decrease (P≤ 0.05) of sperm abnormalities were recorded in Se alone, Se+PTU group and Se+L-T4 group. Also, histological examination on the testis showed that rats treated with Se, Se+PTU and Se+L-T4 had normal architecture of seminiferous tubules with different stage of spermatogenesis. Whereas, rats treated with L-T4 alone or with PTU exhibited vacuolation of spermatogonia and suppression of spermatogenesis.