Objective: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a potent medicinal plant in Asia. This present study aimed to reveal the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract in alleviating hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric balance disorders, histopathology of the cerebellum, and tissue oxidative stress in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Materials and Methods: Diabetes induction was performed by intraperitoneally injecting alloxan monohydrate [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Subsequently, the mice were treated daily with an ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg BW per oral) for 28 days, followed by measurements of blood glucose, paw sensitivity, motoric balance, histopathology of the cerebellum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were elucidated by liquid chromatography. Results: Higher doses of Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the elevation of random and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and improve paw sensitivity responses (p < 0.05) and motoric balances (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Moreover, Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (p < 0.05) and suppress MDA levels in the blood (p < 0.05) while blunting the MDA in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed 39 compounds in the Andaliman extract belonging to the groups of alkaloids (26 compounds), flavonoids (12 compounds), and terpenoids (1 compound). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit is capable of ameliorating diabetic neuropathy, motor balance disorders, and Purkinje cell degeneration while also reducing oxidative stress in the peripheral system. Hence, Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for formulation as an herbal remedy against the detrimental outcomes of diabetes mellitus. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 608-619]

Objective: The main goal of the study was to find whether pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) extract has any preventive or antioxidant properties against acute uranyl acetate (UA)-induced reproductive cytotoxicity. Material and Methods: Four groups each, including 10 adult male rats, were randomly assigned. (GI): the control group was given 1 ml of purified water orally for 30 days. (GII): Rats were given orally, a single dose of 150 mg/kg b.w. UA (GIII): Rats consumed 40 mg/kg b.w. of pumpkin seed extract (PSE) orally every day for 30 days. (GIV): Rats received a single dose (150 mg/kg b.w.) of UA plus a daily oral dose of PSE (40 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. Animal sacrifice was used for oxidative stress and histopathological study. Results: Showed significantly (p ≥ 0.001) elevated malondialdehyde levels in the GII group (6.19 ± 0.4), while GIII and GIV showed no significant differences. Glutathione peroxidase showed a significant (p ≥ 0.001) decrease (2.55 ± 0.2) in the GII group, while in groups (GIII and GIV), it showed a significant (p ≥ 0.001) increase (4.61 ± 0.16, 4.28 ± 0.032), respectively. The histopathological study for GII groups showed sloughing of epithelial cells lining the seminiferous tubules with a decrease in the number of spermatozoa in some tubules. Many sections revealed hyperplasia of the epithelial cells lining the seminiferous tubules with necrosis. The GIII and GIV groups showed normal histological structures with an increase in spermatogenesis in the testes and epididymis tissues. Conclusion: We concluded that UA causes oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in the rat reproductive system. Pumpkin extract plays a role in improving the activity of the reproductive system. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 647-653]

Objective: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the cryodehydration technique in preserving the morphologic and morphometric attributes of the anatomical specimens of goats. Materials and methods: Different anatomical parts of a goat, i.e., heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidney, and musculoskeletal specimens, were collected and fixed in 15% formalin. Later on, the fixed specimens were cryodehydrated by fast freezing (burning process) and repeated freezing-thawing sessions, followed by wood glue coating. Finally, the macroscopic (i.e., weight, color, texture, odor, and durability) and microscopic characteristics (by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining) of the cryodehydrated specimens were studied. Results: The resultant specimens produced excellent color and texture and were lightweight (60%–80% weight loss), soft, dry, odorless, durable, and easy to handle. The histoarchitectural details of the heart and skeletal muscle were well preserved, while some distinctive alterations were observed in the parenchymatous organs, i.e., breach in cellular integrity, loss of cell cytoplasm, loss of cytoplasmic and nuclear clarity, increased sinusoidal space, dilatation of the renal tubules, and reduction in glomerular size. Nevertheless, the basic histoarchitecture of each specimen was yet to be distinctly identifiable. Conclusion: The current study findings suggest that the cryodehydration technique can preserve gross anatomical features as well as histoarchitectural details and can be an effective tool for facilitating veterinary education and research. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 720-729]

Objective: This research aims to investigate the microbial diversity of Budu prepared from fresh and frozen fish from the Pariaman and Pasaman districts in West Sumatra Province, Indonesia, as well as provide basic information about Budu quality. Materials and Methods: To obtain the bacterial microbial composition, deoxyribonucleic acid extraction was carried out using amplicon-sequencing of the 16S-rRNA gene in the V3–V4 region from two types of Budu and carried out in duplicate. Results: Budu prepared with fresh (Pariaman) or frozen (Pasaman) fish was dominated by Firmicutes (78.455%–92.37%) and Proteobacteria (6.477%–7.23%) phyla. The total microbial species in Budu from Pariaman were higher (227 species) than in Pasaman (153 species). The bacterial species found are Lentibacillus kimchi (1.878%–2.21%), Staphylococcus cohnii (0.597%–0.70%), Peptostreptococcus russeli (0.00%–0.002%), Clostridium disporicum (0.073%–0.09%), Clostridium novyi (0.00%–0.01%), Nioella sediminis (0.00%–0.001%), and Shewanella baltica (0.00%–0.003%). Lentibacillus kimchi, S. cohnii, and C. disporicum are found in both Budu. Nioella sediminis and S. baltica are found in Budu Pariaman. Peptostreptococcus russeli and C. novyi were found in Budu Pasaman. Conclusion: Metagenomic analysis of Budu from different fish, Pariaman (fresh fish) and Pasaman (frozen fish) showed that the biodiversity of bacteria was barely different. Both Budu found lactic acid bacteria from the Enterococcaceae family, genus Vagococcus, and pathogenic bacteria, such as S. cohnii, P. russeli, C. disporicum, and S. baltica. The discovery of various species of pathogenic bacteria indicates that development is still needed in the Budu production process to improve Budu quality. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 801-808]

Objective: Dementia is a common aging-related neurodegenerative disease in the elderly worldwide. Alterations in neurogenesis and angiogenesis factors have been linked to cognitive impairment in neurological disorders. However, synthetic drugs to improve memory disorders have uncomfortable side effects. The purpose of this study is to explore the neuroprotective potential of the fruit ethanol extract of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) [Andaliman fruit ethanol extract (AEE)] on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and spatial memory in rat models of aging. Materials and Methods: This study had an experimental design with AEE. The 4 groups were treated as follows: N (normal), M (served as positive control), P1 (AEE 150 mg/kg bw), and P2 (AEE 300 mg/kg BW) for 8 weeks. Aged model rats (M, P1, and P2) were obtained by inducing D-galactose (150 mg/kg bw). BDNF and VEGF expression were determined by RT-PCR, and spatial memory was assessed using the test of the Moris Water Maze (MWM). The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used to assess the statistical analysis. Results: AEE had a tendency to increase BDNF in P2 compared to the normal group (1.98 versus 1). VEGF expression increased in P1 and P2 compared to the normal group (1.14 and 1.29 versus 1). AEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw significantly improved spatial memory (p = 0.026). Conclusion: For eight weeks, AEE at a dose of 300 mg/kg bw considerably increased the potential to enhance VEGF and BDNF expression as well as spatial memory. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 587-592]

Objective: The study aimed to determine the effect of giving concentrate protein from closed-house (CP-CH) broiler farm waste in rations on the meat quality (physical-chemical) and blood profile of landrace crossbreed pigs. Materials and Methods: The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treat¬ments and 4 replications with 12 finisher-phase landrace pigs with an average body weight of 63.42 ± 2.39 kg. The treatments were: A (control): use of 0% CP-CH + 24% CP-152 concentrate; B: 12% CP-CH + 12% CP-152 concentrate; and C: 24% CP-CH + 0% CP-152 concentrate. The research parameters were meat quality (physical-chemical meat) and blood lipid profile [total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides (TGs)]. Results: The results showed that treatment group B obtained physical meat quality (pH, drip loss, cooking loss, and water holding capacity) and meat chemical quality (moisture, protein, fat, and ash content) that were almost the same as the control (p > 0.05). By administering 24% CP-CH + 0% CP-152 (C) concentrate, there was a significant decrease in the physical and chemical quality of crossbreed landrace pigs (p < 0.05). Administration of CP-CH at 12%–24% did not affect total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, or blood TGs in landrace-crossbreed pigs. Conclusion: Giving 12% CP-CH (B) obtained meat quality (physical and chemical) almost the same as the control group. Treatment group C significantly reduced the physical and chemical quality of the meat. Administration of CP-CH at 12%–24% did not affect the blood profile of landrace crosses. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 579-586]

Objective: The human gut microbiota is crucial to maintaining health and preventing diseases. The general population‘s knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding microbiota composition and the factors affecting it remain poorly understood in Saudi Arabia. The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among the general population in the Jazan Province of Saudi Arabia regarding the gut microbiota and its main influencing factors. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed, utilizing a validated self-administered online questionnaire to collect data from participants aged 18 years and older. The study population excluded nonresidents of the Jazan region, individuals below 18, and those who declined to participate. Nonrandomized convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the Jazan Province, targeting the general population. Results: One thousand one hundred twenty-six participants completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 93%. Most participants (50.4%) had average microbiota knowledge, 14.7% demonstrated good understanding, and 34.9% had poor knowledge. Regarding probiotics, the findings indicated that 76.4% of participants exhibited insufficient knowledge, 21.1% had average knowledge, and 2.5% displayed good knowledge. Most participants (65.7%) held a neutral attitude toward antibiotics and probiotics. Conclusion: This study highlights a significant gap in understanding probiotics among the general population in the Jazan Region. Comprehensive education and awareness campaigns are urgently needed to promote a better understanding of microbiota composition, its significance for health, and the potential benefits of probiotics. Effective public health initiatives should be developed to provide accurate and up-to-date probiotic information, fostering positive health outcomes. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 773-781]

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the antibiotic-resistant profile and to identify molecular characterization of some virulence genes of Klebsiella spp. isolated from mastitis samples in Vietnam. Materials and Method: A total of 468 samples from clinical mastitis cases were collected and submitted to the Laboratory. All samples were cultured, and Klebsiella spp. was identified through biochemical reactions and confirmed by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial resistance was tested by disk diffusion method, and virulence and resistance genes were tested by PCR. Results: An antibiogram study showed that a high proportion of isolates are multidrug-resistant (94%). All isolates were resistant to lincomycin and sulfamethoxazole, followed by ampicillin (94%), sulphonamide (66%), amoxicillin (56%), streptomycin (52%), polymyxin B (28%), colistin sulfate (12%), tetracycline (6%), ciprofloxacin (4%), florfenicol (4%), enrofloxacin (4%), piperacillin (2%), trimethoprim (2%), nalidixic acid (2%), imipenem (2%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (2%). In contrast, all isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin and ceftiofur. The appearance of an efflux pump system, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), tetracycline, and sulphonamides-resis¬tant genes was reconfirmed using different specific primers. Capsular serotype K1 and virulence genes magA, fimH, and entB, responsible for hypermucoviscosity production, adherence, and enterobactin production, were confirmed in isolates. Multidrug resistance and virulence potential in Klebsiella spp. are changing this mastitis pathogen into a superbug and making its management harder. Conclusions: Klebsiella spp. associated with bovine mastitis in Nghe An province were mostly multidrug-resistant and carried virulence genes including fimH, entB, and antimicrobials resistant genes (blaSHV, acrAKp, tetA, etc.), but these isolates were not ESBL producers. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(1.000): 132-143]

Objectives: This study aimed to pinpoint the universality of extracellular antimicrobial resistance elements (eAREs) and compare the contents of eAREs with those of intracellular AREs (iAREs) in animal feces, thus laying a foundation for the further analysis of the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the animal guts. Materials and Methods: Extracellular DNAs were isolated from the fecal samples of Pavo cristatus (n = 18), Ursus thibetanus (n = 2), two breeds of broilers (n = 21 and 11, respectively), and from the contents of rabbit intestines (n = 5). eAREs were detected by PCR technology. iAREs in P. cristatus and broiler feces were also detected and compared with the corresponding eAREs. In addition, some gene cassettes of class 1 integrons were sequenced and analyzed. Results: The results showed that eAREs exist in animal feces and intestinal contents. In this study, different eAREs were detected from animal feces and intestinal contents, and tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, class 1 integron, and IncFIB presented the highest detection rates. The detection rates of certain eAREs were significantly higher than those of parallel iAREs. The integral cassettes with intact structures were found in eAREs, and the cassettes carried ARGs. Conclusions: The presented study here sheds light on the presence of eAREs in animal feces or guts, and eAREs may play an important role in the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(1.000): 103-112]

Objective: The poultry industry plays a key role in developing socio-economic and health sectors in Bangladesh. Poultry waste is a potential environmental threat as untreated poultry waste is used in vegetable gardens. The study aimed to investigate the current situation of small-scale poultry farms and their waste management practices in selected areas of Bangladesh and detect Escherichia coli and Salmonella in vegetables from farms using untreated poultry waste as fertilizer. Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire-based survey was conducted in 86 small-scale poultry farms from different upazilas of Mymensingh and Khulna districts. 104 samples, including vegetables, poultry litter, water, and soil, were collected from vegetable gardens, ponds, fields, and wet markets in Mymensingh district to detect microbial contamination. Bacteria were identified based on their growth and colony morphology on selective media and motility tests. The presence of E. coli and Salmonella was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a commercial PCR kit. Results: The survey revealed that mostly middle-aged males were involved in poultry farming. Most of the farmers had primary education and engaged in farming for about 5 years without training. In the study area, 37% of farmers collected droppings daily in the morning and used them as organic fertilizer. About 58% of farmers did not know the hygienic handlings of droppings and faced health problems. In PCR, either E. coli or Salmonella or both were confirmed in vegeta¬bles, litter, soil, and pond water. Conclusion: Appropriate poultry waste management practices can reduce the possible contami¬nation of microbial agents in the human food chain. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(1.000): 72-79]