Objective: The feeding effects of DoLa (a combination of Dayak onion extract and probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus) on hematological indices and lymphoid organs as indicators of broiler health status were evaluated in the present study. Materials and Methods: 192 1-day-old unsexed broilers of the CP 707 strain with a body weight of 46.43 ± 1.65 gm were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatments with 6 replications. The dietary treatments applied were basal diet (BD) as a control with a code of DoLa0, BD + 0.1% DoLa (DoLa1), BD + 0.2% DoLa (DoLa2), and BD + 0.3% DoLa (DoLa3). The parameters monitored included hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), heterophile (H), lymphocyte (L), white blood cell (WBC), heterophile-lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, the lymphoid organs (bursa Fabricius, spleen, and thy¬mus) relative weight, as well as carcass weight. Results: The results indicated a significant improvement in WBC, L, and carcass weight (p < 0.05) as the feeding level of DoLa increased while the H and H/L ratio decreased. However, the dietary inclusion of DoLa did not affect the lymphoid organs' relative weight, RBC, and Hb concentrations. Conclusion: The mixture at 0.3% significantly improved health status through the indicators of hematological indices, lymphoid organs, and carcass weight of broilers. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(2.000): 269-274]

Objective: This study was conducted to validate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a confirma¬tory diagnostic tool to find out the presence and frequency of Streptococcus agalactiae (S. aga¬lactiae) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (S. dysgalactiae) in mastitic milk samples obtained from dairy cows in the southern region of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 196 samples of bovine milk were collected from various dairy farms in the Chattogram metropolitan area of the southern part of Bangladesh. DNA extracted from isolates obtained by culturing California mastitis test (CMT)-positive mastitic milk samples (n = 146) on 5% sheep blood agar was used as a template for PCR. Two sets of specific primers based on the 16S rRNA gene were used to discriminate between S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae. Four PCR products were subjected to sequencing, followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results: The PCR analyses revealed that out of the 146 CMT-positive milk samples tested, 29 samples were positive for S. agalactiae (19.86%), while 26 samples were positive for S. dysgalac¬tiae (17.81%). Further sequence analysis of the corresponding PCR products and bioinformatics analysis verified the results. Conclusion: The study proves the efficiency of PCR as a useful diagnostic approach to determine the presence and prevalence of S. agalactiae and S. dysgalactiae in mastitic milk samples obtained from dairy cows. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(2.000): 178-184]

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of fodder Sorghum as poultry feed in terms of growth performance (plant height and fresh weight), nutritional quality (moisture, ash, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, extract material without nitrogen, and metabolic energy), and scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Materials and Methods: The study used a completely randomized design with six treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of planting times of 24, 48, 72, 120, and 240 h and a control (0 h). Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) when planting Sorghum fodder (SGF) on growth performance and moisture, but it had no significant effect on fresh weight, ash, crude protein, extract ether, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, energy metabolic aspects, and SEM-EDX. Conclusion: SGF is suitable as a feed ingredient for poultry in terms of nutrition and contains ZrO2, which functions as an antifungal. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(2.000): 222-227]

Objective: This study was conducted to analyze the matrilineal structure of Gallus sp. in Southeast Asia, especially in the D-loop region. Materials and Method: A total of 563 sequences from eight countries (Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Cambodia, the Philippines, and Thailand) in Southeast Asia are used in this study. Data collected from National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) regarding the genus Gallus sp. in a Southeast Asian country. Data analysis was performed using MEGA 7.2 and DnaSP v6. Results: In the haplotype found in Gallus sp. in Southeast Asia, there are 89 haplotypes. Using a neighbor-joining (Nj) analysis, 89 haplotypes found three haplogroups for Gallus sp. in Southeast Asia. In Southeast Asia, the genetic diversity of the d-loop is exceptionally high, with a haplotype diversity value of 0.524 to 1. Conclusion: D-loop cannot be used as a specific marker for breeds or country-specifics. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 817-819]

Objective: The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence and diagnosis of molecular characteristics of Cryptosporidium infection in handlers of domestic pigeons in Baghdad City. Traditional and molecular diagnostic methods were employed to detect and identify Cryptosporidium species. Materials and methods: Sixty stool samples were collected from the handlers of domestic pigeons, and various techniques, including direct smear, flotation concentration, staining methods, and DNA extraction coupled with nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), were utilized. Results: The results obtained from traditional methods indicated an overall infection rate of 55% in handlers of domestic pigeons, while significant variations were noted between male and female handlers. Age group 21–40 years were found to have higher infection rates were found to have higher infection rates. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium also displayed temporal variability throughout the study period. Molecular analysis using nested PCR revealed higher infection rates of 86% in handlers of domestic pigeon samples. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis identified the presence of Cryptosporidium parvam species in handlers of domestic pigeons, indicating zoonotic transmission potential. Conclusion: These findings underscore the high prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among handlers of domestic pigeons in Baghdad City. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 744-750]

Objective: This research aimed to evaluate potential tropical seaweed from Indonesia as an ingredient or supplement feed for ruminants based on chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation parameters. Materials and methods: The seven natural tropical seaweeds (three green and four red species) were collected from Ndrini and Sepanjang Beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experimental design on secondary metabolite profiles used a completely randomized design, and the in vitro gas production test used a randomized complete block design with seven seaweed species variances and four replications (blocks) based on rumen fluid collection time. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Duncan‘s Multiple Range Test was used to test the variation in the analysis. Results: The seven tropical seaweed species have potential as mineral sources for ruminants, except for macromineral (P and S) and micromineral (Cu). The red tropical seaweed has potential as a protein source (Gelidium spinosum (S.G.Gmelin) P.C. Silva, Hypnea pannosa, and Acanthopora muscoides (L.) Bory), and the green seaweed (Chaetomorpha linum (O.F. Mull.) Kutz and Cladopora sp.) has potential as a crude fiber (CF) source for ruminants. As indicated by secondary metabolites and gas production in vitro, the green species (C. linum (O.F. Mull.) Kutz and Enteromorpha compressa) and red species (A. muscoides (L.) Bory and Gelidium amansii (J.V. Lamouroux) J.V. Lamouroux) could be degraded in the rumen and had quite high phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The seven tropical seaweed species have the potential to be an ingredient or supplement feed for ruminants, and there were four species that have the potential to reduce methane emissions. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 751-762]

Objective: Cadmium chloride (CdCl2) is an environmentally toxic pollutant that can cause reprotoxicity. Cyperus esculentus and Euterpe oleracea are potent antioxidant plants currently used to counteract the action of harmful pollutants. The present experiment was intended to evaluate and comp are the role of C. esculentus hydroethanolic extract (CHE) and E. oleracea in treating the reprotoxicity induced by CdCl2 in rats. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats (160–210 gm) were allocated into five groups equally. Control group: received 5 ml of normal saline (NS); the other treatment groups were injected with CdCl2 as a single dose for two weeks to induce testicular toxicity. After 14 days, the four groups were treated orally daily for two months as follows: The cadmium group (Cd) received NS, the third group (TC) was administered 800 mg/kg BW of CHE, the fourth group (TO) received 500 mg/kg BW of E. oleracea, and the fifth group (TCO) received CHE with E. oleracea. Results: The live sperm and motility, serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testicular superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were significantly increased in the TCO, TC, and TO groups compared with the Cd group. Testicular nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were elevated significantly in the Cd group compared to the TC, TO, TCO, and control groups. The fold changes of Fshβ, Lhβ, and Gnrh genes were upregulated in the TCO group compared to the Cd and control groups. Conclusion: The combination of CHE with E. oleracea showed improvements in rat testicles affected by cadmium toxicity via upregulated reproductive gene expression and its antioxidant effects. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 685-695]

Objective: Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) is a potent medicinal plant in Asia. This present study aimed to reveal the effectivity of Andaliman fruit extract in alleviating hyperglycemia, sensory and motoric balance disorders, histopathology of the cerebellum, and tissue oxidative stress in diabetic mice induced by alloxan. Materials and Methods: Diabetes induction was performed by intraperitoneally injecting alloxan monohydrate [200 mg/kg body weight (BW)]. Subsequently, the mice were treated daily with an ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit (0, 150, 300, 450 mg/kg BW per oral) for 28 days, followed by measurements of blood glucose, paw sensitivity, motoric balance, histopathology of the cerebellum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Moreover, the phytochemical constituents of the extract were elucidated by liquid chromatography. Results: Higher doses of Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the elevation of random and fasting blood glucose (p < 0.05) and improve paw sensitivity responses (p < 0.05) and motoric balances (p < 0.05) in diabetic mice. Moreover, Andaliman fruit extract could significantly attenuate the degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje cells (p < 0.05) and suppress MDA levels in the blood (p < 0.05) while blunting the MDA in the brain tissue (p < 0.05). Phytochemical screening revealed 39 compounds in the Andaliman extract belonging to the groups of alkaloids (26 compounds), flavonoids (12 compounds), and terpenoids (1 compound). Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Andaliman fruit is capable of ameliorating diabetic neuropathy, motor balance disorders, and Purkinje cell degeneration while also reducing oxidative stress in the peripheral system. Hence, Andaliman extract is a promising candidate for formulation as an herbal remedy against the detrimental outcomes of diabetes mellitus. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 608-619]

Objective: The principal objective of this research was to examine the influence of zinc-methionine (Zn-Met) addition on feed on the in vitro ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, methane production, and digestibilities of feed nutrients. Materials and Methods: The dosage of Zn-Met as a source of organic Zn was added to feed based on dry matter (DM) as follows: 0-without Zn addition (CON), 30 Zn mg/kg-low (LZM), 60 Zn mg/kg-medium (MZM), and 90 Zn mg/kg-high (HZM). Results: The results indicated significant impacts of Zn-Met addition on various parameters. Compared to the CON group, all Zn-Met treatments resulted in increased total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (linear; p < 0.001), carboxymethyl-cellulase activity (linear; p < 0.001), and gas production at 48-h of incubation (linear; p < 0.001, quadratic; p < 0.001). Additionally, the MZM and HZM groups exhibited higher levels of amylase activity (linear; p < 0.001), protease activity (linear; p = 0.006), microbial protein (linear; p = 0.009), DM digestibility (linear; p < 0.001), organic matter (OM) digestibility (linear; p < 0.001), crude protein (CP) digestibility (linear; p = 0.004), and crude fiber (CF) digestibility (linear; p = 0.003) than CON treatment. However, the treatments did not have any noteworthy effects on pH, the individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) proportions, NH3-N concentration, and methane production (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It could be summarized that supplementing 60 and 90 Zn mg/kg DM as Zn-Met could improve the in vitro ruminal enzyme activities, fermentation characteristics, and nutrient digestibility without affecting methane production. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 696-703]

Objective: This study sought to determine the effectiveness of the cryodehydration technique in preserving the morphologic and morphometric attributes of the anatomical specimens of goats. Materials and methods: Different anatomical parts of a goat, i.e., heart, lungs, spleen, liver, kidney, and musculoskeletal specimens, were collected and fixed in 15% formalin. Later on, the fixed specimens were cryodehydrated by fast freezing (burning process) and repeated freezing-thawing sessions, followed by wood glue coating. Finally, the macroscopic (i.e., weight, color, texture, odor, and durability) and microscopic characteristics (by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining) of the cryodehydrated specimens were studied. Results: The resultant specimens produced excellent color and texture and were lightweight (60%–80% weight loss), soft, dry, odorless, durable, and easy to handle. The histoarchitectural details of the heart and skeletal muscle were well preserved, while some distinctive alterations were observed in the parenchymatous organs, i.e., breach in cellular integrity, loss of cell cytoplasm, loss of cytoplasmic and nuclear clarity, increased sinusoidal space, dilatation of the renal tubules, and reduction in glomerular size. Nevertheless, the basic histoarchitecture of each specimen was yet to be distinctly identifiable. Conclusion: The current study findings suggest that the cryodehydration technique can preserve gross anatomical features as well as histoarchitectural details and can be an effective tool for facilitating veterinary education and research. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2023; 10(4.000): 720-729]