Objective: A significant number of animals enrolled at UVH regularly from surrounding villages for treating their sick animals, de-worming, vaccination purposes. Therefore, a study was done to define the occurrence of common diseases and disease conditions in cattle and goats at the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Debidwar under Comilla district. Materials and methods: Data on various diseases were collected from the record book of hospital during April 2016 to March 2017. The total number of animals were 889, among which cattle were 637 (71.65%) and goats were 252 (28.35%). The presumptive diagnosis was performed based on general examination, physical examination, and clinical examination of animals, and microscopic examination based on common laboratory techniques. Results: Based on clinical examinations, 14 different types of diseases and disease conditions were detected. In cattle (N=637; 71.65%), where FMD (14.44%, n=92), mastitis (6.59%, n=42), digestive disorders (19%, n=121), respiratory disorders (6.12%, n=39), parasitic infestations such as mixed infestation of both ecto- and endo-parasites (34.22%, n=218), acidosis (1.88%, n=12), myiasis (6.12%, n=39), corneal opacity (1.57%, n=10), protozoal diseases (1.26%, n=8), BQ (2.20%, n=14), milk fever (0.94%, n=6), reproductive disorders (4.87%, n=31) and others (0.75%, n=5) were detected. Age wise prevalence in young and adult were (38.62%, n=246) and (61.38%, n=391), respectively. Moreover, sex wise prevalence in male and female were (34.85%, n=222) and (65.15%, n=415) respectively. In goat, (N= 252; 28.35%) 11 different types of diseases and disease conditions such as PPR (12.30%, n=31), mastitis (2.38%, n=6), digestive disorders (19.84%, n=50), parasitic infestation (29.76%, n=75), respiratory disorders (15.08, n=38), myiasis (11.11%, n=28), corneal opacity (4.76%, n=12), acidosis (1.98%, n=5) protozoal diseases such as babesiosis, anaplasmosis (0.79%, n=2) and reproductive disorders (1.59%, n=4), correspondingly. Sex wise prevalence in male and female goat were (44.05%, n=111) and (55.95%, n=141), respectively. Conclusion: All the diseases and disease conditionswere recorded more or less frequently among all age group of cattle and goats though some of the specific diseases and disease conditionshad specific age and species susceptibility such as black quarter in young cattle and PPR in young goats, respectively. A comprehensive updated data with the total population record of that area and proper analysis is needed to identify the actual level of disease and disease conditions in UVH. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 117-122]

Objective: The research work was conducted to determine the duration of protective efficacy and lowest immune protective titer of Salmonella bivalent vaccine containing Salmonella gallinarum and Salmonella pullorum prepared at the Livestock and Poultry Vaccine Research and Production Centre (LPVRPC) of Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Materials and methods: The experimental chickens were subdivided into four main groups (A, B, C and D). Group A and B were vaccinated with BAU-Salmonella bivalent vaccine with dosed 0.5 mL intramuscularly at the age of seven weeks followed by a booster vaccination at 12 weeks of age while group C and D served as unvaccinated control. The sera samples were obtained at 7, 12, 15, 18, 23, 27, 30, 32, 34, 36 and 41 weeks of age of birds. Results: Significantly elevated level of immune response in terms of antibody production resulted from booster vaccination. Vaccinated chicken showed protective resistance following virulent challenge with isolates of S. gallinarum and S. pullorum (**P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 282-289]

Objective: The study was intended to design the new specific primer targeting on mitochondrial D-Loop gene (D-Loop 443 primer) combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the analysis of wild boar meat (WBM) in food products of meatball. Materials and methods: The primer was designed and subjected to primer-basic local alignment search tool using National Center for Biotechnology Information software. Validation of real-time PCR using designed primer was performed by evaluation of several performance characteristics which included specificity, sensitivity, repeatability, linearity, and efficiency. Results: The results showed that the D-loop primer could be attached at 60.7°C and no amplification was detected against other species confirming the specificity of the primers. The limits of detection were found to be 4.68 ng and 2.34 ng using DNA extracted from WBM and that extracted from wild boar in meatball product. The D-Loop 443 primer was successfully used for the analysis of commercial meatball samples. Conclusion: The developed method can be proposed as a standard method for the identification of WBM in meatball to support halal products authentication. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 361-368]

Objective: Screening of antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat and liver collected from farms and local markets in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 160 samples (breast, thigh muscle and liver) were collected from markets and farms from different region of Bangladesh. PBS buffer system with trichloracetic acid and diethyl ether based sample extraction was performed. For comparison the standard antibiotics; Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Enrofloxacin (ENR), Oxytetracycline (OTC), Amoxicillin (AMOX) and Doxycycline (DOX) were prepared by dissolving in methanol. Samples were pointed on TLC plates transferred to TLC tank containing acetone-methanol (1:1) as mobile phase. Retention factor (Rf) was calculated after observing the chromatograms on UV light at 256 nm. Same Rf value of standard and sample considered similar compound. Results: Liver sample were mostly positive for antibiotics residue followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. The frequency of antibiotic residues was highest in liver followed by thigh muscles and breast muscle. Among the antibiotics CIP ranked top in all types of sample. In breast muscle highest antibiotic was CIP (39%) followed by DOX (26%), AMOX (24%), OTC (23%) and lowest was ENR (21%). In thigh muscle, 42, 29, 28, 27 and 24% sample was positive for CIP, OTC, DOX, AMOX and ENR, respectively. Highest number of liver samples were shown positive result for all screened antibiotics (CIP-52%, OTC-46%, DOX-43%, AMOX-42% and ENR-36%). Conclusion: This study ascertained those antibiotics residues are present in chicken muscle and liver which causes serious health hazards to consumers. So proper steps should be taken to control emergence of antibiotic resistance in human being as well as in the environment. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 140-145]

Objective: The objective of the study was to explore the outbreak situation in terms of animal, place, and time towards minimizing the risk of animal infection at the source in future and subsequent spillover in human in the endemic rural settings. Methodology: An outbreak investigation team from the Department of Livestock Services visited in each of the outbreak sites to explore the event towards strengthening the control program in the future. Meat samples of the infected slaughtered animals were collected to confirm the causal agent of the animal outbreak using polychrome methylene blue microscopic examination technique. Participatory epidemiology tool such as semi-structured interview had been used in these investigations to realize the knowledge and practices of local people/cattle keepers on anthrax control and prevention in animal and human as well. Results: All identified affected human cases had been confirmed as a history of contact with the animal carcasses or handling/processing with infected meat. The level of awareness at the community level was not satisfactory for the prevention and control of anthrax at the source and further spillover in human. The infected slaughtered animals found to be in non-vaccinated status during the outbreak investigation and uncontrolled animal movement is considered to be responsible for new outbreaks in a vaccinated zone where enforcement of veterinary legislation is inadequate. Conclusion: A comprehensive preparedness and response strategy is to be obligatory for prevention, control and respond on anthrax in Bangladesh. Maximum vaccination coverage in the animal, increase community awareness of animal and human anthrax are also demanded for transmission of anthrax from animal to human. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 397-404]

Objective: Sarcocystis spp. are common parasites and in terms of economics and pathogenicity in domestic animals is important. The purpose of this work was to define the rate of contamination of slaughtered carcasses of cattle to Sarcocystis using digestive and histopathological methods in southeast Iran. Material and Methods: In this descriptive laboratory study for 1 year, 500 carcasses were examined and isolated bradyzoites of Sarcocystis with the digest method. Also, tissue samples from the esophagus and diaphragm were considered for pathologic studies and stained with hematoxylin and eosin of sections of histopathological. Results: The results showed that the highest contaminations were in imported male animals aged 23 years old in the spring. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the prevalence rate with the sex and race of cattle but no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the prevalence rate with age and season. Conclusion: Infection with Sarcocystis is common in oxen in this region. The imported cattle are more infected. It seems that racing and the environmental condition affect the prevalence of Sarcocystosis. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 381-387]

Objective: The present study aimed to produce and analyze antibody against a synthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva. Materials and Methods: The synthetic amino acid sequence of the PIP-HP (VIRELGICPDDWAVIPIKANRF) was developed, conjugated to bovine serum albumin and was used to immunize Indonesian local rabbits. Positive sera that specific against the PIP-HP were pooled and purified sequentially by implying ammonium sulfate precipitation and protein A affinity methods. Purified antibody was then employed to analyze of PIP-HP in the ruminants saliva by means of westernblot assays. Results: A polyclonal antibody specific to asynthetic amino acid sequence fragment of PIP-HP of Bali cattle saliva was successfully produced. Our results show that the antibody potentially to be used to develop an immuno-diagnostic kit. Furthermore, the antibody was also able to inhibit the growth of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cultures significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 182-187]

Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from chicken and quail eggshells and to study the antibiogram of the isolates. Materials and methods: A total of 300 eggs (220 chicken eggs and 80 quail eggs) were collected from different retail shops and farms in Mymensingh district. Swabs taken from the egg surfaces were cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar for the isolation of S. aureus. Polymerase chain reaction was conducted for confirmatory identification of the bacterial species targeting nuc gene, followed by confirmation of methicillin-resistant S. aureus by targeting the mecA gene. Antibiotic sensitivity test of the isolated bacteria was done against commonly used antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Results: The prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in the chicken eggshell surface was 20.45% and 10.45%, respectively. Similarly, the prevalence of Staphylococcus spp. and S. aureus in quail eggshell surface was 16.25% and 5%, respectively. Overall, 27 isolates were identified as S. aureus, of which 23 were from the chicken eggshell surface and four from quail eggshell surface. Among the seven isolates tested, overall four (57.14%) were positive for the nuc gene. On the other hand, the mecA gene could be detected in three (50%) S. aureus out of six oxacillin resistant isolates. The antibiogram study indicated that most of the isolates were resistant to the antibiotics under β-lactam group. Conclusion: The present study concludes that chicken and quail egg surface harbor multidrugresistant bacteria which may cause public health hazards, if these antibiotic-resistant bacteria are transferred to a human. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 466-471]

Objective: This study is conducted to assess the seroprevalence and associated risk factors (e.g., age, sex, bio-security practices and management system) of Influenza A virus in swine population of Rangamati and Khagracchari Districts Materials and methods: Prevalence study Influenza A in swine population was conducted over a period of six months Rangamati and Khagracchari Districts between July to December 2013. 180 blood samples were collected from pigs, and the samples were tested for the detection of Influenza antibody using Indirect ELISA method. Results: Total numbers of samples were 180 and numbers of positive cases were 22.Then the overall seroprevalence between the aforesaid districts was found to be 12.22%. Results of the investigation revealed that the seroprevalence of influenza A was 15% in Rangamati district, 10% in Khagraccharidistrict . The highest seroprevalence was found in Rangamati district (15%) and the lowest seroprevalence was (10%) found in Khagracchari district. On the basis of sex, seroprevalence rate of influenza A was found 14.29% in male pigs and 976% in female pigs. Conclusion: The study confirms that influenza virus is circulating in the pig populations of hill tracts area of Bangladesh. Our study had a number of limitations. Veterinarians, researchers and health officials will get new information from this research which will be helpful for developing prevention strategy for combating against this disease. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 204-210]

Objective: Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is the most important foodborne bacterial pathogen worldwide and the bovine animals are assumed as a reservoir of this pathogen. The present study was conducted to assess the role of bovine animals as the source of STEC. Materials and methods: To assess the role of bovine animals as the source of STEC, we examined 100 samples (50 rectal swab and 50 beef samples) collected from the local beef slaughterhouses by cultural, morphological, biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction. Finally, the drug resistance pattern of isolated organisms has been examined. Result: In the preliminary screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), E. coli was more prevalent in rectal swab (n=21/50) than beef samples (n=16/50). Among 39 isolated E. coli, 10 isolates were confirmed as STEC (Rectal swab=7, Beef=3) by PCR, where stx2 gene (n=7/10) was predominant than stx1 gene (n=3/10). Remaining 29 isolates did not react to stx primers in PCR. Presence of STEC in beef samples was significantly associated with the fecal contamination at P≤0.1 (0.074818) in Pearsons correlation coefficient method. In addition, most of the isolated STEC strains were resistant to one or more commonly used antimicrobials in the country. Conclusion: The bovine animals and its products could be an important source of multidrug-resistant STEC in the country. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 218-225]