Objective: Until recently, management of repeat breeding in cattle remains a major problem to dairy farmers. This study was carried out to improve the fertility in cows, those did not conceive after three or more consecutive services. Materials and methods: Twenty-three repeat breeding cows were selected from the Central Cattle Breeding Station and Dairy Farm (CCBS & DF), Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data of another 23 repeat breeding cows that conceived after four or more services were collected from the same farm as controls. The repeat breeders were synchronized for estrus with two injections of PGF2α 11 days apart and timed AI (TAI) was performed. Results: Seventeen of 23 cows had uterine infections. Intrauterine infusion of penicillin daily for three successive days from the following day of the first PGF2α injection resulted in 94.1% (16/17) recovery. Of 23 treated cows, four with estrus synchronization and TAI, and one with only AI after hormone treatment were detected pregnant by per rectal examination of the genital tract. By this pregnancy, the treated cows have advanced average of 131.6 days calving interval and days open, and thereby saved neat US $3,045.3 in comparison to control cows. Control group cows incurred losses of US $15,134.0 compared with average days open of the treated pregnant cows. Conclusion: Intrauterine infusion of penicillin can successfully recover the uterine infections, and estrus synchronization followed by TAI resulted in pregnancy in a proportion of repeat breeder cows with economic benefit that had a uterine infection. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 454-458]

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of anesthetic drugs on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) in dogs. Materials and Methods: Twelve healthy client-owned dogs of various breeds, including five females and seven males were used for elective surgery in this study. The dogs were pre-medicated with four protocols; (1) alfaxalone [at 3 mg/kg body weight (bwt)], (2) zolazepam + tiletamine (Zoletil) (at 5 mg/kg bwt), (3) diazepam (at 0.3 mg/kg bwt) + ketamine (at 5 mg/kg bwt), and (4) diazepam (at 0.3 mg/kg bwt) + propofol (at 5 mg/kg bwt). The HR and HRV of 12 dogs were recorded 20 min before and after the administration of the anesthetic drugs. Doppler was used to obtain systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures. Results: After anesthetic drug administration, the dogs pre-medicated and inducted with alfaxalone had the lowest HR values as compared with those of other protocols. The HRV low frequency and high frequency power ratio decreased in the dogs pre-medicated and intubated with alfaxalone. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that alfaxalone preserves the cardiovascular function; and hence, is considered as safe to use for the surgical applicability in dogs. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(4.000): 485-489]

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the lamb production potentiality in terms of nutrient intake and utilization, growth performances, carcass characteristics and meat quality of three regional native sheep under intensive management condition. Materials and methods: A total of 24 growing lambs having 08 lambs from each group with 4 to 6 months of age were used in this study. 40% urea molasses straw (UMS) and 60% concentrate mixture of the total diet were supplied according to lamb body weight. The total feed was offered at 4.0% live weight on dry matter basis of each animal. The completely randomized design was used in this experiment. Results: The dry matter intake was significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 37-43]

Antimicrobial resistance as a result of emergence of extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae is a major health problem of human and animal that requires an intensive global attention. The production of beta lactamase enzymes remains as one of the major factors contributing to the development of resistance to beta lactams. These enzymes hydrolyze the beta lactam ring of the antibiotic and render it ineffective. Extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria have the ability to develop resistance to a number of antibiotics including the carbapenem and other third generation cephalosporins. In addition, the recent emergence and dissemination of the colistin resistance determinants mcr-1, mcr-2 and mcr-3 poses a serious threat to colistin as a drug of last resort in human medicine. In this review, we utilized words such as colistin resistance and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and colistin resistance, colistin resistance and Salmonella as well as detection of mcr-1 genes in Salmonella and E. coli. The extended-spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria under Enterobacteriaceae that are resistant to colistin possess the ability to be transferred resistant determinants to other susceptible cells at a higher frequency. In this paper, the role of manure from food animals and how air travel contributes to the dissemination of mcr-1 haboring bacteria, resistance determinants and other metabolites that constitute a public health problem was also reviewed. It is concluded that these pathogens have significant consequences to the control of infection and plays key roles in treatment failure with colistin. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 1-11]

Objective: The research was accomplished to appraise the productive and reproductive physiology of repeat breeder (RB) cows and compare to normal cyclic (NC) cows. Methodology: A total of 366 RB cows were surveyed from 1859 crossbred and indigenous cows using a questionnaire upon positive sampling of RB syndrome in dairy farms throughout the selected areas of Bangladesh. Out of 366 RB cows, 170 were randomly selected, which were at day 0 of estrous cycle. To compare the physiological characteristics, 170 NC cows at day 0 of estrous cycle were also selected randomly. Results: Results showed that age, BCS, and parity were higher in RB cows than NC cows. Survey on productive characteristics illustrated that milk production (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 324-331]

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate the proteome profile of the 150 kDa protein isolated from the subordinate follicle of Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus/javanicus). Some researchers have revealed several factors in the follicular subordinate with a 150 kDa protein substance, which play important roles in the bovine ovulation. Materials and methods: In the present study, subordinate follicles (~ 5 mm in diameter) were collected from 10 female Bali cattle from slaughterhouses in Taliwang, Sumbawa of West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. The follicular liquid was pooled; fractionated using SDSPAGE 10%, the 150 kDa band was sliced and then analyzed using MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Results: Mascot search results significantly revealed the presence of four species of proteins/peptides. Of the four peptides, two were predominant i.e. complement C3 and anti-testosterone antibody, which both were 100% identical to complement C3 and anti-testosterone antibody of Bos Taurus cattle. Conclusion: Complement C3 and anti-testosterone antibody are present in the follicle fluid of Bos sondaicus/javanicus cows. These findings are novel in Bali cattle follicles. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(1.000): 19-24]

Objective: this study was conducted in order to assess the effects of dietary Jumbo Cube as source of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on production performances of broiler chickens. Materials and methods: 320 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups of 64 chicks each. Negative and positive control groups were fed on basal diet with no supplement (R0-) and 1 gm of antibiotic (R0+) respectively and the 3 others groups were fed on diets supplemented with the quantities of Jumbo cube containing 1 mg, 2 mg and 4 mg of MSG/Kg of feed. Feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), weight gain (WG), blood parameters and intestinal microbial counts were evaluated. Results: Results revealed that feeding broilers with Jumbo Cube as MSG source significantly (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(2.000): 146-154]

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of garlic (Allium sativum) with its immunomodulatory activity, on the susceptibility of broilers to infectious bursal disease, being an immunosuppressive disease. Materials and methods: Day-old broilers (102) were separated into 6 groups A-F of 17 each. Groups A, B and C had 0.125% of garlic-meal in feed. At 8 and 18 days of age groups A, C, D and F were administered IBD vaccine and groups B, C, D and E were infected with 1LD50 IBD virus (10-3.4 in 0.08ml PBS) via conjuctival instillation at 4 week-old. Clinical signs, mortality and gross pathological lesions were scored. Histopathological lesions in bursae of Fabricius were recorded. Virus antibody titre in serum was assayed at 1 day-old, 4 and 6 weeks-old using quantitative agar gel immunodiffusion test. Data generated was analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Duncans multiple comparison tests (P [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2018; 5(3.000): 275-281]

Bats have been known as natural reservoirs for potential emerging infectious viruses, such as Lyssaviruses, Coronaviruses, Ebola viruses, Nipah virus, and many others. Because of their abudance in population, wide distribution and mobility, bats have a greater risk as source for zoonotic transmission than other animals. Despite the facts of their role as reservoirs for many pathogens, not until an epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003 and Middle-East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, that people pay much attention about coronavirus in bats. SARS-like virus also found in bats with a higher prevalence rate. This study aims to detect the coronavirus of bats in Gorontalo province Indonesia, characterization at the molecular level of the coronavirus genome and determining the level of kinship (through trees filogenetic). This study was conducted as part of bigger PREDICT Indonesia project, in particular to examine coronavirus in bats from Gorontalo province, Indonesia.  As many as  95 rectal swab samples collected from flying foxes (Pteropus alecto) were analyzed in the laboratory using Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique to amplify the target sequence from RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) gene with 434 basepair product, resulted 24 samples determined as presumptive positive. Eight out of 24 presumptive positive samples by PCR were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and confirmed coronavirus positive. Phylogenetic tree analyses to the eight coronavirus confirmed-sequences were constructed with MEGA-6.0 . The conclusion was 24 out of 95 samples suggested as presumptive positive to Bat CoV. Eight out of 24 samples were analyzed further by nucleotide sequencing and have similarities in the kinship. Three samples had the 98% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Indonesia and five samples were 85-88% nucleotide identity to BatCoV from Thailand.

Abstract