The aim of present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory activity of ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of some medicinal plants{ pomegranate peel (Punicagranatum) , oak trunks (Quercusacuta),thyme fruit(Thymus vulgaris )andCinnamon tree cortex (Cinnamomumzeylanicum)}at different concentrations (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/ml) against Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium isolated from fecal samples of domestic chickens (suffering from signs of enteritis infection) and compared their activity with effectiveness of standard reference antibiotics used in this study and by measuring the zones of inhibition produced around the holes after incubation on Muller-Hinton agar. The results exhibited variable susceptibility of tested microorganisms for different concentration of extracts. In present study, the activity of most these medicinal plants extracts was associated with high concentrations. The results showed ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme and Cinnamon as well as,ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel, oak exhibited significant effectiveness against E.coli isolates while, same isolates werethe more resistant bacteria for chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel and oak. The ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of oak andCinnamon showed good antibacterial activity against salmonella Typhimuriumisolates, except ethanolic extract of oak at concentration 50 mg/mldid not show any antibacterial activity againstSalmonella Typhimurium isolates.Ethanolic and chloroformic extracts of thyme as well as, ethanolic extracts of pomegranate peel showed moderate antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhimuriumisolates while;chloroformic extracts of pomegranate peel did not show any antibacterial activity against same isolates. In this study, the standard antibiotics (nalidixic acid, lincomycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and novobiocin) showed low effective in inhibition the growth of E.coli andSalmonella typhimurium isolates while,cephalothin showed no effect in inhibition against the growth of the tested organisms.

This study was conducted to isolate Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) from bovine subclinical mastitis cases and study their effect on chemical composition of milk. A total of 152 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province, subclinical mastitis (SCM) was detected in 51.97% of tested samples by using California mastitis test (CMT). Staphylococcus aureus and CNS were isolated from 20.25% and 16.45% cases of tested SCM respectively. The affected samples with SCM have high concentrations of fat and protein, the difference from normal samples was statistically highly significant (P ˂0.001) for fat; lactose was lower in affected samples. The pH of affected samples was higher than that of normal, however, pH of samples containing S. aureus was the highest (7.8375) and the difference was statistically significant (P˂ 0.05). Antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that all isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin and vancomycin. However, the resistance to oxacillin and penicillin exhibited by CNS and S. aureus were 76.9%, 84.6%, 62.5% and 68.75% respectively. It have been concluded that, subclinical mastitis caused by Staphylococci(in particular S. aureus) which carried resistance to antibioticsused in human medicine represents a big problem.However, the changes caused by S. aureus and other staphylococci in pH and chemical composition of mastitic milk may reduce the shelf life and processing of the products.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of aspirin on the female reproductive organs in albino rats. (21) mature female albino rats (150-170gm) were divided into three groups: 1st group which treated as negative control group, it was drenched only 0.2 ml of PBS.2nd group was drenched with Aspirin(10 mg/Kg of B.W once daily for 14 days).3rd group was drenched with Aspirin (20 mg/Kg B.W once daily for 14 days). Our results showed that 2nd group and 3rd group demonstrated significantly decrease (P ≤ 0.05) in the values of plasma LH compared with control group. In values of plasma FSH hormone, the 2nd and 3rd groups showed significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the relation with the control group. On the other hand, the microscopic examination of the histopathological sections of uteri of all the treated and control groups showed that the 2nd group demonstrated mild hyperplasia and degeneration in the epithelial cells which lining the uterus and there is few numbers of uteri glands. Also marked hyperplasia and vacuolation of the epithelial cells which lines the uterus. In 3rd group, the histopathological examination of uteri elucidates profuse proliferation and irregular hyperplasia of smooth muscles in the wall of uterus, there is high infiltration of inflammatory cells and there is congestion of blood vessels. Also there is marked vacuolation of uterine epithelial cells and fewer and smaller uterine glands than the 2nd group and 1st (control) group. In ovaries of 2nd group showed markedly few follicular growth wave characterized by primary, secondary follicles and there is congestion and thrombi in the ovarian stroma. Also presence of large corpus luteum. But the histopathological changes in the ovaries of 3rd group animals showed more severity than 2nd group animals in which there are primary and secondary follicles with severe congestion and hemorrhage, also there is high numbers of corpus luteum. 1st (control) group was showed normal histological feature of uteri and ovaries. We conclude from the present study that different doses of aspirin can cause histopathological effects and hormonal disturbances in FSH and LH hormones.

The study was performed on twelve white rats of approximately of the same body weight ( 200-220 gms) divided equally in to 3 groups ; The first group(T1) was received mercury chloride ( 1mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days). While the second group (T2) was received mercury chloride (1.5mg/kg B.W intraperitoneally once daily for 30 days).Third group was received only0.2ml of Distilled water as control group. At the end of experiment, the animals were sacrificed and small pieces of livers had been collected for genetic experiment. Also small specimens (2cm³) were taken from livers and kidneys to histopathology. The genetic experiment was showed that the T1 group demonstrated non-significant increase in p53 mRNA gene expression levels as compared with the control group, while the group T2 showed significant increase (p

Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy toxic metal, with harmful effects on animals and public health. Recently the risk of cadmium toxicity is substantially regarded. Therefore the present study was performed to clarify the effects of acute cadmium toxicity in sheep with using alpha lipoic acid (ALA) as an antioxidant agent. Fifteen male lambs 5 - 7 months old were divided equally in to three groups, they were supplied with ordinary diet and provided with water ad-lib, The first group (I) was administered a single dose of CdCl2 3 mg/kg.bw subcutaneously (S/C), the second group(II) was injected with the same dose of CdCl2 and via by the same route, and then simultaneously administered an alpha lipoic acid 50 mg/kg.B.W intramuscularly, the later drug was repeated after 12 hours via the same route also. The third group (III) was left as control and given normal saline (S/C). Resulted revealed a significant decrease (P

The aim of present work were to investigate the carrier state to foot and mouth disease virus in vaccinated cattle (vaccinated carriers) and unvaccinated cattle (unvaccinated carriers). Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was employed to detect FMDV from esophageal and pharyngeal fluid samples collected from both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle. Results have been shown that the persistence of FMDV is significantly higher in unvaccinated cattle in comparison to vaccinated animals. It have been concluded that high vaccination trials were play a role in the elimination of carrier status from cattle.

The study was intended for identification and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis cases. A total of 143 milk samples were collected from apparently normal cows from Basrah province. California mastitis test was used to detect 81 (56.6%) samples as subclinical mastitis. However, by using bacteriological and biochemical tests 36(44.44%) isolates were confirmed as S. aureus. Antimicrobials susceptibility assays of isolates revealed that, all of them were completely susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamycin and vancomycin. Oxacillin and cefoxitin susceptibility illustrated that 22(61.1%) isolates were resistant to methicillin (MRSA) and 14 (38.9%) isolates were methicillin susceptible (MSSA). Phenotypic production of slime and biofilm were evaluated by using Congo red agar and microtiter plate techniques, 31 (86.1%) isolates were slime producer and 29 (80.6%) were biofilm producers from all tested isolates. The production of slime and biofilm of MRSA isolates were 95.5% and 90.9%, whereas, for MSSA were 71.4% and 64.3% respectively. The differences in slime and biofilm production among MRSA and MSSA isolates were statistically significant. All MRSA isolates were resistant to oxacillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, ampicillin and cefotaxime, and these isolates showed low resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin each (9.1%) and doxycycline (18.2%). However, these isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol. All MSSA isolates exhibited resistance to ampicillin and 85.7% of isolates to cefotaxime, however, all isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, oxacillin and vancomycin. The differences in antimicrobial susceptibility between MRSA and MSSA isolates were highly statistically significant. Results of this study indicate that Staphylococcus aureus is the most important agent of bovine subclinical mastitis, isolates which have resistance to methicillin and produce biofilm have propensity to be multiple antibiotic resistant

Twenty fertilized eggs of pigeon (Columba livia) embryo were collected from localmarkets and pigeon breeders in Basrah governorate.They incubated in eggs incubator .The studycomprised histochemical description of mitochondria decreasing and increasing in it density infemur bone development of pigeon embryo (Columba livia ) which included appearance of themitochondria during the embryological stages. The study showed the mitochondria is spindle inshape and few in resting chondrocyte stage , while it was more in hypertrophy chondrocyte andmore density in ossification in osteoblast stage .The aim of this study is know the density ofmitochondria during the development of the femur bone of pigeon embryo.

This research was conducted to asses some macroscopical and microscopicalobservations of pituitary gland in guinea pig .Pitutary gland is considered as a complex endocrine gland , located at the base of thebrain where it lies in the sella turcica , a small deprission in the sphenoid bone .It is attached to the hypothalamic region of the brain by a narrow stalk . The glandsweight about ( 20 mg ) . microscopically it is composed of an epithelial component oradenohypophyis and a nervous component or neurohypophysis . The parancymal cellsof the pars distalis are the chromophilic cells . Pars intermedia consist ofchromophobic cells and basophilic cells . neurohypophysis has scattered pituicytesamong the nerve fibers .

The present research was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of twodifferent levels of Ground Olive leaves (5% and 10 %) in diet on levels of reproductivehormones like Testosterone , Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and LuteinizingHormone (LH) in male rabbits, twenty one male rabbits with body weight average 1-1.4 Kg and 4.5-5 months age have been bought from the local markets and theydivided randomly to three similar groups and fed on concentrate pellets diets withgreen roughage , the male Rabbits have been divided in 7 animals /group with equalweights. The 1st group (T1) control group was offered tap water and fed concentratepellets without ground olive leaves , The 2nd one (T2)(5% Ground Olive leaves / diet)offered tap water and fed concentrate pellets with 5% Ground Olive leaves /diet , whilethe 3rd one(T3)(10% ground Olive leaves)offered tap water and fed concentrate pelletswith 10% ground olive leaves /diet and the nutrition were been continuedalong 8weeks . In this study we measured the role of use ground Olive leaves in rabbits malediet on levels of hormones like testosterone, FSH,LH in blood along the period ofexperiment.The results showed decrease in Testosterone level in serum significantly(P<0.05) while a significant increase (P<0.05)in LH level occur and there is accountdifferences in FSH level that produced from pituitary gland.We concluded that the useof ground Olive leaves have impact on fertility of rabbits males throughit'sdisruption in biosynthesis or intervention with production of hormones in genital system of Rabbitsmale.