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A cross-sectional study of bovine tuberculosis in selected dairy farms in Ethiopia Texto completo
2003
Ameni, G. | Bonnet, P. | Tibbo, Markos
A cross-sectional study to determine individual animal prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) was conducted on 1171 dairy cattle in 12 randomly selected dairy farms in Ethiopia between January 1999 and May 2001 using comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIT) test and bacteriologic study through milk culturing. An overall individual animal prevalence of 46.8% (548 of 1171 animals) and a herd prevalence of 91.7% (11 of 12 farms) were recorded in 12 dairy farms by the CIT test. There were significant (P <0.0001) differences in individual prevalence between farms and breeds (pure Holstein and their crosses with Zebu). There was positive correlation (r = 0.41) between herd size and prevalence of bovine tuberculosis. Furthermore, a negative linear association (R2 = 0.24) was found between mean score of management of the farm and prevalence, indicating that the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis could be improved by sanitary measures. Breed and management affected the prevalence of BTB (R2 = 0.30) as confounding variables. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from the milk of 13.3% (4 of 30) reactor cows. The widespread occurrence of BTB in the study farms and isolation of M. bovis from the milk of reactor cows signify its economic importance and potential risk to public health. Generalization and improved use of milk pasteurization within all dairy subsectors is recommended, and this would affect the competitiveness of the dairy sector in Ethiopia.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Avian mycobacteriosis in domestic chickens from selected agro-climatic regions in Ethiopia Texto completo
2003
Tadesse, S. | Woldemeskel, M. | Molla, B. | Tibbo, Markos | Kidane, D. | Medhin, G. | Britton, S.
Domestic poultry are important natural hosts of Mycobacterium avium (MAC), especially in the traditional poultry management system in the tropics. Qualitative and quantitative studies on a total of 95 chickens from three agro-climatic areas in Ethiopia were examined for avian mycobacteriosis through postmortem examinations and tissue staining (haematoxylin & eosin and acid-fast staining). The mycobacteria species were isolated and identified by using mycobacteriologic culture and experimental infection for virulence assessment. Five of the 95 examined chickens (5.3%) had gross tuberculous lesions in different visceral organs. On histopathologic examination, the lesions showed granuloma with typical Langhan’s giant cells in which acid-fast bacilli were shown by acid-fast stain. The culture on pyruvate-enriched Lowenstein-Jensen slants revealed growth of colonies on samples from 6 (6.3%) of the 95 chickens. Experimental infection with the strains from culture resulted in death of 10 (83.3%) of 12 inoculated chickens 56 to 110 days after inoculation, indicating that the isolates may be virulent strains of MAC. On postmortem examination, the experimentally infected chickens showed similar tuberculous lesions to natural infection that was confined at the site of injection, on the liver, spleen and (in two subjects) small intestine. The inoculated organisms were recovered from the respective organs. Therefore, this study showed that a virulent strain of MAC infects domestic chicken in Ethiopia.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Bovine Tuberculosis: Prevalence and risk factor assessment in cattle and cattle owners in Wuchale-Jida District, central Ethiopia Texto completo
2003
Ameni, G. | Amenu, K. | Tibbo, Markos
A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2001 and April 2002 on 94 households and 763 (188 indigenous and 575 crossbred) cattle to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and assess its public health implications in smallholder farms in Wuchale-Jida District, Central Ethiopia. Cluster sampling, single intradermal tuberculin (SIDT) and comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) tests, a questionnaire, and mycobacteriology were used. Based on the CIDT test, herd and individual animal prevalences of BTB were 42.6% and 7.9%, respectively. The individual animal prevalence was significantly affected by herd size (P<0.01), age (P<0.0001) and body condition (P<0.05). Among the interviewed households, 24.5% (23 of 94) had experienced at least one human tuberculosis case in the family. Of these families, 43.5% (10 of 23) had reactor cattle. Nevertheless, no statistically significant association (P>0.05) was observed between reactor cattle and human tuberculosis cases in households. The habit of milk and meat consumption was affected by occupation (P<0.0001) and location of household residence (P<0.001). Although the level of education influenced the habit of milk consumption (P<0.05), it did not impact the habit of meat consumption (P>0.05). Less than half (38.3%; 36 of 94) of the respondents knew about BTB, and only 30.8% (29/94) of the respondents were conscious of its transmission from cattle to humans. Secondary data analysis from Muka-Turri clinic indicated that 85.6% of the human tuberculosis cases were from rural parts of the district. Although the BTB prevalence seems low, its potential risk to public health was important based on food consumption, poor sanitary measures, and the lack of understanding about its zoonosis.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Population pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in aqueous humor after intravenous administration in dogs Texto completo
2003
Regnier, Alain | Concordet, Didier | Schneider, M | Boisrame, B | Toutain, Pierre-Louis | Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales (UPTE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Inconnu
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Population pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin in aqueous humor after intravenous administration in dogs Texto completo
2003
Regnier, Alain | Concordet, Didier | Schneider, Marc | Boisramé, Bernard | Toutain, Pierre-Louis | Physiopathologie et Toxicologie Expérimentales (UPTE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Vetoquinol SA
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effect of histamine on lung contractile elements in growing cattle Texto completo
2003
Jolly, Sandra | Robinson, Edward | Desmecht, Daniel
peer reviewed | OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of histamine on the contractile elements of the respiratory tract in neonatal calves and young adult cattle. SAMPLE POPULATION: Samples of trachealis muscle, bronchi, and intrapulmonary arteries and veins dissected from the respiratory tracts of healthy bovids (2 to 8 days and 16 to 20 months old). PROCEDURE: Histamine cumulative concentration-effect curves (10(-6) to 10(-3) M) were constructed in duplicate smooth muscle samples mounted in organ baths. Contractile responses to histamine were compared with reference contractions elicited by methacholine (10(-5) M) for airways or KCl (127 mM) for vessels. RESULTS: In young adult cattle, trachealis muscle had a substantial contractile response to histamine (84% of methacholine-induced contraction), whereas bronchi reacted slightly (15 and 20% for large and small bronchi, respectively). Although contractile responses to KCl were comparable in arteries and veins, histamine-induced contractions were greater for intrapulmonary veins than for arteries (202 vs 48% of KCl-induced contraction). In neonatal calves, histamine-induced contraction of veins also exceeded that of arteries (230 vs 54% of KCl-induced contraction); however, unlike in young adult cattle, histamine produced notable contraction of large and small bronchi (48 and 60% of methacholine-induced contraction, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Compared with intrapulmonary arteries, intrapulmonary veins have greater contractile responses to histamine in neonatal and young adult cattle. Data suggest loss of histamine responsiveness in bronchial smooth muscle as neonatal calves grow to young adults. Venodilation may be useful in treatment of lung edema in cattle.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Use of the impulse oscillometry system for testing pulmonary function during methacholine bronchoprovocation in horses. Texto completo
2003
Van Erck, Emmanuelle | Votion, Dominique | Kirschvink, Nathalie | Art, Tatiana | Lekeux, Pierre
peer reviewed | OBJECTIVE: To compare sensitivity of the impulse oscillometry system (IOS) with that of the conventional reference technique (CRT; ie, esophageal balloon method) for pulmonary function testing in horses. ANIMALS: 10 horses (4 healthy; 6 with recurrent airway obstruction [heaves] in remission). PROCEDURE: Healthy horses (group-A horses) and heaves-affected horses (group-B horses) were housed in a controlled environment. At each step of a methacholine bronchoprovocation test, threshold concentration (TC(2SD); results in a 2-fold increase in SD of a value) and sensitivity index (SI) were determined for respiratory tract system resistance (R(rs)) and respiratory tract system reactance (X(rs)) at 5 to 20 Hz by use of IOS and for total pulmonary resistance (RL) and dynamic lung compliance (C(dyn)), by use of CRT. RESULTS: Bronchoconstriction resulted in an increase in R(rs) at 5 Hz (R(5Hz)) and a decrease in X(rs) at all frequencies. Most sensitive parameters were X(rs) at 5 Hz (X(5Hz)), R(5Hz), and R(5Hz):R(10Hz) ratio; RL and the provocation concentration of methacholine resulting in a 35% decrease in dynamic compliance (PC(35)C(dyn)) were significantly less sensitive than these IOS parameters. The TC(2SD) for X(rs) at 5 and 10 Hz was significantly lower in group-B horses, compared with group-A horses. The lowest TC(2SD) was obtained for X(5Hz) in group-B horses and R(5Hz) in group-A horses. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In contrast to CRT parameters, IOS parameters were significantly more sensitive for testing pulmonary function.The IOS provides a practical and noninvasive pulmonary function test that may be useful in assessing subclinical changes in horses.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Validation and comparison of the use of diuresis cystometry and retrograde filling cystometry at various infusion rates in female Beagle dogs Texto completo
2003
Hamaide, Annick | Verstegen, John | Snaps, Frédéric | Onclin, Karine | Balligand, Marc
peer reviewed | OBJECTIVES: To compare retrograde filling cystometry at infusion rates of 5, 10, and 20 mL/min with diuresis cystometry for determination of an appropriate infusion rate and to confirm the reproducibility of measurements obtained by urethral pressure profilometry (UPP) and cystometry in female Beagles. ANIMALS: Adult female Beagles. PROCEDURE: Successive UPP and cystometry were performed by use of a water perfusion catheter on dogs anesthetized with propofol. Dogs randomly underwent each of the following at 1-week intervals: retrograde filling cystometry at 5, 10, and 20 mL/min, and diuresis cystometry. The maximum urethral pressure and closure pressure, functional and anatomic profile lengths, threshold pressure, threshold volume, and compliance were measured. RESULTS: For each UPP variable, significant differences were found among dogs, but no significant differences were found in intra- or interstudy measurements for individual dogs. For retrograde filling cystometry, threshold pressure was not significantly different between a 5 and 10 mL/min infusion rate. Threshold pressure was significantly higher during retrograde filling cystometry at 20 mL/min, compared with 5 and 10 mL/min, and was associated with bladder wall damages. Threshold pressure was significantly lower during diuresis cystometry, compared with retrograde filling cystometries. Threshold volume and compliance were not significantly different among retrograde filling cystometries but were significantly higher during diuresis cystometry. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Retrograde filling cystometry at 20 mL/min leads to unacceptable sudden increase in threshold bladder pressure. Retrograde filling cystometry at 10 mL/min can be recommended in a clinical setting, shortening the anesthesia time. However, diuresis cystometry approximates physiologic bladder filling most accurately
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Influência da parição e do puerpério sobre eritrograma de caprinos (Capra hircus - Linaeus, 1758) da raça Saanen, criados no Estado de São Paulo | Influence of parturition and puerperium in the erythrogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus), raised in the State of São Paulo - Brazil Texto completo
2003
Birgel Junior, Eduardo Harry | Viana, Rinaldo Batista | Ayres, Maria Consuelo Caribé | Biojone, Fernanda de Souza Meirelles | Lara, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza | Birgel, Eduardo Harry
Influência da parição e do puerpério sobre eritrograma de caprinos (Capra hircus - Linaeus, 1758) da raça Saanen, criados no Estado de São Paulo | Influence of parturition and puerperium in the erythrogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus), raised in the State of São Paulo - Brazil Texto completo
2003
Birgel Junior, Eduardo Harry | Viana, Rinaldo Batista | Ayres, Maria Consuelo Caribé | Biojone, Fernanda de Souza Meirelles | Lara, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza | Birgel, Eduardo Harry
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da parição e do puerpério sobre o eritrograma de caprinos da raça Saanen foram colhidas 360 amostras de sangue de 20 cabras, sendo os resultados apresentados em 18 momentos do puerpério: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 e ½ dias antes do parto, imediatamentee após a parição, ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 dias após o parto.Nas amostras de sangue colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA, foram realizadas as seguintes determinações: contagem do número de hemácias, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o líquido de Gower como diluidor; determinação do volume globular, pelo método do microhematócrito; dosagem da taxa de hemoglobina, pelo método da cianometahemoglobina e cálculo dos índices hematimétricos absolutos (VCM, HCM, CHCM). A avaliação dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que o eritrograma não sofreu influência da parição e do puerpério. | Aimine at evaluating the influence of parturition and puerperium on the erythrogram of Saanen goats (Capra hircus) 360 blood samples were collected from 20 goats on 18 different moments, as described as described: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 and ½ days before parturition, immediately after parturition, ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 days after parturition. The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: erythrocyte counts (at the modified Neubauer hemocytometer, using Gower's liquid as a dilute); packed cell volume (using the microhematocrit method); hemoglobin concentration (using cyanmethemoglobin method); calculated blood indices: MCV - mean corpuscular volume; MCH - mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC - mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The evaluation of the erythrogram did not show any significant variation that could be attributed to the pregnancy or puerperium.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Influência da parição e do puerpério sobre eritrograma de caprinos (Capra hircus - Linaeus, 1758) da raça Saanen, criados no Estado de São Paulo Texto completo
2003
Eduardo Harry Birgel Junior | Rinaldo Batista Viana | Maria Consuelo Caribé Ayres | Fernanda de Souza Meirelles Biojone | Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Lara | Eduardo Harry Birgel
Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência da parição e do puerpério sobre o eritrograma de caprinos da raça Saanen foram colhidas 360 amostras de sangue de 20 cabras, sendo os resultados apresentados em 18 momentos do puerpério: 32, 16, 8, 4, 3, 2, 1 e ½ dias antes do parto, imediatamentee após a parição, ½, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 32 e 64 dias após o parto.Nas amostras de sangue colhidas em frascos contendo EDTA, foram realizadas as seguintes determinações: contagem do número de hemácias, em câmara de Neubauer modificada, utilizando-se o líquido de Gower como diluidor; determinação do volume globular, pelo método do microhematócrito; dosagem da taxa de hemoglobina, pelo método da cianometahemoglobina e cálculo dos índices hematimétricos absolutos (VCM, HCM, CHCM). A avaliação dos resultados obtidos demonstrou que o eritrograma não sofreu influência da parição e do puerpério.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Electroneuromyographic evaluation in healthy cats and in those submitted to the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism | Avaliação eletroneuromiográfica em gatos normais e submetidos ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional Texto completo
2003
Rahal, Sheila Canevese | Resende, Luiz Antonio de Lima | Mortari, Ana Carolina | Torelli, Sandra Regina | Caporali, Evelyn Hasegawa Gonçalves
Electroneuromyographic evaluation in healthy cats and in those submitted to the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism | Avaliação eletroneuromiográfica em gatos normais e submetidos ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional Texto completo
2003
Rahal, Sheila Canevese | Resende, Luiz Antonio de Lima | Mortari, Ana Carolina | Torelli, Sandra Regina | Caporali, Evelyn Hasegawa Gonçalves
O trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a condução nervosa motora e a transmissão neuromuscular e eletromiografia de repouso em gatos normais (grupo I), submetidos a hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional (grupo II). Para estudo normativo (grupo I), foram utilizados 10 gatos, aparentemente saudáveis, sem raça definida, sendo seis machos e quatro fêmeas, com idades entre 4 e 5 meses e peso médio de 1,67kg. No grupo II, empregaram-se 10 gatos, sem raça definida, sendo cinco machos e cinco fêmeas, com idade aproximada inicial entre 2 e 3 meses e peso inicial médio de 820 gramas. Após um período de adaptação de 10 dias, foram alimentados por 60 dias com coração bovino moído e cru, visando a indução de hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional. Foi possível concluir que latência, amplitude e velocidade de condução nervosa motora e os achados eletromiográficos das atividades insercional e espontânea de gatos com hiperparatireoisdismo secundário nutricional, apresentaram um padrão similar aos de gatos normais da mesma idade. Para estimulações repetitivas a 3Hz, observou-se tendência global a decremento dos potenciais de ação musculares compostos e a 10 Hz houve tendência de incremento ou decremento; entretanto, tais variações apresentaram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the motor nerve conduction velocity, neuromuscular transmission, and electromyography at rest in healthy cats (group I) and in cats submitted to the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism (group II). Ten mongrel cats, six males and four females, aged between 4 and 5 months and average body weight of 1.67 kg were used to establish normal pattern (group I). Ten mongrel cats, five males and five females, initial age between 2 and 3 months, old and initial body weight of 820 grams were used in group II. After 10 days of adaptation period, the group II animals were fed with raw heart beef for 60 days to induce the nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. It was possible to conclude that the motor nerve conduction velocity, and electromyographic findings of insertional and spontaneous activities of cats with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism showed similar pattern to healthy cats at the same age. Using repetitive stimulation at 3Hz it was observed global tendency to decrement of the compound muscle action potentials, and using repetitive stimulation at 10Hz a tendency to decrement or increment occurred; though, the variations were at normal limit.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Avaliação eletroneuromiográfica em gatos normais e submetidos ao hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional Texto completo
2003
Sheila Canevese Rahal | Luiz Antonio de Lima Resende | Ana Carolina Mortari | Sandra Regina Torelli | Evelyn Hasegawa Gonçalves Caporali
O trabalho teve por objetivos estudar a condução nervosa motora e a transmissão neuromuscular e eletromiografia de repouso em gatos normais (grupo I), submetidos a hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional (grupo II). Para estudo normativo (grupo I), foram utilizados 10 gatos, aparentemente saudáveis, sem raça definida, sendo seis machos e quatro fêmeas, com idades entre 4 e 5 meses e peso médio de 1,67kg. No grupo II, empregaram-se 10 gatos, sem raça definida, sendo cinco machos e cinco fêmeas, com idade aproximada inicial entre 2 e 3 meses e peso inicial médio de 820 gramas. Após um período de adaptação de 10 dias, foram alimentados por 60 dias com coração bovino moído e cru, visando a indução de hiperparatireoidismo secundário nutricional. Foi possível concluir que latência, amplitude e velocidade de condução nervosa motora e os achados eletromiográficos das atividades insercional e espontânea de gatos com hiperparatireoisdismo secundário nutricional, apresentaram um padrão similar aos de gatos normais da mesma idade. Para estimulações repetitivas a 3Hz, observou-se tendência global a decremento dos potenciais de ação musculares compostos e a 10 Hz houve tendência de incremento ou decremento; entretanto, tais variações apresentaram-se dentro dos limites de normalidade.
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