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Assessment of a bone biopsy technique for measuring tiludronate in horses: A preliminary study Texto completo
2011
Delguste, Catherine | Doucet, Michèle | Gabriel, Annick | Guyonnet, Jérôme | Lepage, Olivier M | Amory, Hélène
Assessment of a bone biopsy technique for measuring tiludronate in horses: A preliminary study Texto completo
2011
Delguste, Catherine | Doucet, Michèle | Gabriel, Annick | Guyonnet, Jérôme | Lepage, Olivier M | Amory, Hélène
peer reviewed
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Assessment of a bone biopsy technique for measuring tiludronate in horses: A preliminary study Texto completo
2011
Delguste, Catherine | Doucet, Michèle | Gabriel, Annick | Guyonnet, Jérôme | Lepage, Olivier M. | Amory, Hélène
This study assessed the feasibility of measuring tiludronate in horses using a minimally invasive bone biopsy technique. Eight horses were treated with intravenous (IV) tiludronate [1 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)], either once (n = 4) or twice, 28 d apart (n = 4). The horses that were treated once were euthanized on days 1, 43, 57, or 92 and those that were treated twice, were euthanized on days 112, 154, 194, or 364. Bone samples were taken bilaterally from each horse at 4 sites: the third metacarpal bone (MCIII), the 13th rib (R13), the tuber coxae (TC), and the cuboid bone (CB). Test samples were taken with a 5-mm diameter dental drill, while larger reference samples were taken with an osteotome. The concentrations of tiludronate were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection. The TC was the easiest site to sample, and no technical difficulties were encountered for extraction and measurement. Drill sampling at the MCIII was difficult. Moreover, both the extraction and measurement caused technical problems and results were unreliable in most cases (93%). Drill samples obtained from the R13 were very small and access to the CB required considerable dissection, which would not be feasible in vivo. Forty-six percent and 36% of the tiludronate measurements performed on the R13 and CB samples, respectively, were unreliable. The ratio of tiludronate concentrations ranged from 73% to 185% (median: 118%) in the TC, 65% to 208% (median: 81%) in the R13, and 26% to 110% (median: 57%) in the CB. In all but 1 horse, the highest concentrations of tiludronate were found in the TC. It was concluded that bone biopsies performed at the TC were adequate for measuring tiludronate in horses and should be considered in future for repeated measurements over time in living animals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Impact of successive freezing-thawing cycles on 3-T magnetic resonance images of the digits of isolated equine limbs Texto completo
2011
Bolen, Géraldine | Haye, Dimitri | Dondelinger, Robert | Massart, Laurent | Busoni, Valeria
peer reviewed | The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of freezing and thawing on MR images of equine feet examined ex vivo. Nine equine cadaver digits were first imaged at room temperature (T0). Among the 9 digits, 3 (group 1) were imaged in a 3 Tesla MR system after one and after 2 freezing-thawing cycles. Digits of group 1 were thawed in a cold room at 4°C for 36h. Three other digits (group 2) were imaged after one freezing-thawing cycle. Digits of group 2 were thawed in a cold room at 4°C and then rescanned after 24h at room temperature. The last 3 digits (group 3) were scanned after one freezing-thawing cycle. Digits of group 3 were thawed at room temperature for 24h. Sequences used were Spin Echo (SE) T1, Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) T2 and proton density (PD), Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR), Double Echo Steady State (DESS), 3D Gradient Echo (GE) T1 and 2D GE T2*. Images obtained on the fresh limbs at room temperature were subjectively compared side by side to images obtained at the different freezing-thawing cycles. A quantitative analysis to assess signal change between examinations was realized by measuring signal to noise ratio (SNR). Visibility and margination of the anatomical structures of the foot and overall image quality were subjectively considered unchanged except for the hoof where the lamina was considered less visible distally after freezing and thawing in the GE T2* and in TSE T2 and PD sequences. Quantitative analysis demonstrated SNR changes in the bone marrow only in the distal phalanx in the SE T1 sequence when the feet were thawed at room temperature. When the feet were thawed in a cold room at 4°C, bone marrow SNR changes were present in the SE T1, GE T1 and TSE PD sequences. Signal changes were significant in the synovial recess when the thawing process was made at 4°C and not when the thawing process was at ambient temperature. The soft tissue structures and the hoof capsule showed significant changes with an increase of SNR, except in STIR, after freezing and thawing at 4°C and at room temperature. SNR changes in the soft tissues were mainly present in GE sequences.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Horses under an enrichement program showed better welfare, strongler relationships with humans and less fear Texto completo
2011
Valenchon, Mathilde | Lévy, Frédéric | Neveux, Claire | Lansade, Léa | Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur] (IFCE)-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Société Européenne d'Ethologie Vétérinaire des animaux Domestiques. Paris, FRA.
National audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]<i>OJVR</i> Volume 78, Number 1 Texto completo
2011
Editorial Office
Efficacy of fosfomycin in controlling streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Texto completo
2011
M.M.A. Hussein | W. H. Hassan
A study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of fosfomycin in controlling streptococcosis in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fosfomycin against multiple S. iniae isolates showed a sensitivity range of 12.5- 25 'g/mL. The fosfomycin dose levels tested were 40, 60, and 80 mg of active ingredient per kilogram fish per day. Administration of medicated feed started one day after infection by immersion exposure to S. iniae and continued for eight days. Survival rates of fosfomycin treated groups were 90, 100 and 96.6% with an average survival of 95. 53 %. On contrary, survival rates of infected non treated groups were 3.3%. All survivors and negative control groups showed no clinical signs, no gross pathology together with negative S. iniae re-isolation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The dynamics of questing ticks collected for 164 consecutive months off the vegetation of two landscape zones in the Kruger National Park (1988–2002). Part III. The less commonly collected species Texto completo
2011
Gordon J. Gallivan | Andrea Spickett | Heloise Heyne | Arthur M. Spickett | Ivan G. Horak
Despite many studies regarding tick ecology, limited information on long-term changes in tick populations exist. This study assessed the long-term population dynamics of the less frequently collected questing ixodid ticks in the Kruger National Park (KNP). From 1988 to 2002, monthly dragging of the vegetation was performed in three habitats (grassland, woodland and gully) at two sites in the KNP (Nhlowa Road, Landscape Zone 17, and Skukuza, Landscape Zone 4). Amblyomma marmoreum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were collected as larvae most commonly. Most A. marmoreum larvae were collected at Skukuza and numbers peaked from March to July. More R. evertsi evertsi larvae were collected at Nhlowa Road and numbers peaked in summer and in winter, while at Skukuza there was a single peak in spring. Haemaphysalis elliptica, Rhipicephalus simus and Rhipicephalus turanicus were collected as adults most commonly. More Ha. elliptica and R. turanicus were collected at Nhlowa Road than at Skukuza, while R. simus numbers from the two sites were approximately equal. Ha. elliptica were collected most often between February and June, and R. simus and R. turanicus during February and March. All three species were collected more frequently in gullies than in grassland or woodland. Their numbers increased in 1994/1995 following an eruption of rodents, the preferred hosts of the immature stages. The different host-seeking strategies of ticks largely determine the development stage at which they are likely to be collected during vegetation dragging and reflect a complex interaction between ticks, their hosts and the environment.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Studies on pathogenicity of Aeromonas species to native breed (Fayoumi) chickens Texto completo
2011
Zeinab M. S. Amin Girh | K. M. El-Bayoumi | Eman. R. Hassan | K. M. Mahgoob
The pathogenic effect of representative local isolates of Aeromonas organisms was studied on 1٠0 native breed chickens. At 2 weeks of age, one hundred chicks were grouped into four equal groups (1-4); 25 birds each; after collection of fecal from all groups, examined and proved to be free from Aeromonas species. All groups were subcutaneously (s.c) inoculated with 0.5 ml containing 9×105 cfu /bird. Group 1 of chickens was infected by A. hydrophila; while group 2 was infected with A. caviae. The third group was infected with A. sobria; while, chicks of Group 4 were kept as non infected control. Results were showed mild clinical signs in some birds in the form of alternative diarrhea. Post mortem lesions showed general congestion of all carcasses. In severely emaciated cases the lesions were confined to the intestine, which filled with watery fluid and distended with gas. Results of Aeromonas reisolation revealed that all collected weekly fecal swabs were positive. While, percentage of A. hydrophila and A. caviae was 100% out of all tested organs, while isolation of A. sobria was 100%, 100% and 80% from liver, intestine and heart; respectively. Histopathological examination of infected chicken organs showing focal coaggulative necrosis in liver with mononuclear cells infiltration that varied in severity between groups as less severe in A. hydrophila (Gr.1) than A. caviae (Gr. 2), while A. sobria (Gr. 3) was markedly affected showing severe degenerated and dissociated hepatocytes. Intestinal changes were severe in group 3 than 2 while group 1 showing the mildest comparatively the changes was consist of necrosed mucosa, gland with leucocytic infiltration in lamina propria. Under the condition of our study we can conclude that the used Aeromonas isolates from field diseased chickens were of mild pathogenicity to s.c. inoculated 12 days old Fayoumi chicks with long course affection.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]An investigation into the possibility of bluetongue virus transmission by transfer of infected ovine embryos Texto completo
2011
Venter, Estelle H(University of Pretoria Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Gerdes, Truuske(University of Pretoria Department of Theriogenology) | Wright, Isabel(University of Pretoria Virology Section) | Terblanche, Johan(University of Pretoria Department of Theriogenology)
An investigation into the possibility of bluetongue virus transmission by transfer of infected ovine embryos Texto completo
2011
Venter, Estelle H(University of Pretoria Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases) | Gerdes, Truuske(University of Pretoria Department of Theriogenology) | Wright, Isabel(University of Pretoria Virology Section) | Terblanche, Johan(University of Pretoria Department of Theriogenology)
Bluetongue (BT), a disease that affects mainly sheep, causes economic losses owing to not only its deleterious effects on animals but also its associated impact on the restriction of movement of livestock and livestock germplasm. The causative agent, bluetongue virus (BTV), can occur in the semen of rams and bulls at the time of peak viraemia and be transferred to a developing foetus. The risk of the transmission of BTV by bovine embryos is negligible if the embryos are washed according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) protocol. Two experiments were undertaken to determine whether this holds for ovine embryos that had been exposed to BTV. Firstly, the oestrus cycles of 12 ewes were synchronised and the 59 embryos that were obtained were exposed invitro to BTV-2 and BTV-4 at a dilution of 1 x 10(2.88) and 1 x 10(3.5) respectively. In the second experiment, embryos were recovered from sheep at the peak of viraemia. A total of 96 embryos were collected from BTV-infected sheep 21 days after infection. In both experiments half the embryos were washed and treated with trypsin according to the IETS protocol while the remaining embryos were neither washed nor treated. All were tested for the presence of BTV using cell culture techniques. The virus was detected after three passages in BHK-21 cells only in one wash bath in the first experiment and two unwashed embryos exposed to BTV-4 at a titre of 1 x 10(3.5). No embryos or uterine flush fluids obtained from viraemic donors used in the second experiment were positive for BTV after the standard washing procedure had been followed. The washing procedure of the IETS protocol can thus clear sheep embryos infected with BTV either in vitro or in vivo
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]An investigation into the possibility of bluetongue virus transmission by transfer of infected ovine embryos Texto completo
2011
Estelle H. Venter | Truuske Gerdes | Isabel Wright | Johan Terblanche
Bluetongue (BT), a disease that affects mainly sheep, causes economic losses owing to not only its deleterious effects on animals but also its associated impact on the restriction of movement of livestock and livestock germplasm. The causative agent, bluetongue virus (BTV), can occur in the semen of rams and bulls at the time of peak viraemia and be transferred to a developing foetus. The risk of the transmission of BTV by bovine embryos is negligible if the embryos are washed according to the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS) protocol. Two experiments were undertaken to determine whether this holds for ovine embryos that had been exposed to BTV. Firstly, the oestrus cycles of 12 ewes were synchronised and the 59 embryos that were obtained were exposed in vitro to BTV-2 and BTV-4 at a dilution of 1 x 102.88 and 1 x 103.5 respectively. In the second experiment, embryos were recovered from sheep at the peak of viraemia. A total of 96 embryos were collected from BTV-infected sheep 21 days after infection. In both experiments half the embryos were washed and treated with trypsin according to the IETS protocol while the remaining embryos were neither washed nor treated. All were tested for the presence of BTV using cell culture techniques. The virus was detected after three passages in BHK-21 cells only in one wash bath in the first experiment and two unwashed embryos exposed to BTV-4 at a titre of 1 x 103.5. No embryos or uterine flush fluids obtained from viraemic donors used in the second experiment were positive for BTV after the standard washing procedure had been followed. The washing procedure of the IETS protocol can thus clear sheep embryos infected with BTV either in vitro or in vivo.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Survey of the livestock ticks of the North West province, South Africa Texto completo
2011
Spickett, Arthur M.(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Programme) | Heyne, Ingard H.(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Programme) | Williams, Roy(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Information Systems Programme)
Survey of the livestock ticks of the North West province, South Africa Texto completo
2011
Spickett, Arthur M.(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Programme) | Heyne, Ingard H.(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Parasites, Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Programme) | Williams, Roy(ARC-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute Information Systems Programme)
Ticks, as vectors of disease and damage agents, impact directly and indirectly on the economy of the livestock industry in southern Africa. This study surveyed the occurrence and distribution of ticks infesting livestock across the North West province, South Africa. During three phases in consecutive years, officers of the provincial Veterinary Department collected specimens monthly from livestock hosts at specified sites across the province. Data analysis constituted the fourth phase of the study. A total of 1090 collections from 265 sites yielded 42 566 tick specimens, comprising 22 different tick species (18 ixodids, 4 argasids). The specimens represent all of the major tick vectors of disease that occur in South Africa. The major tick-borne diseases (i.e. heartwater, both African and Asiatic bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis) were found to be prevalent mainly in the north-eastern region of the province, which also displayed the highest tick species diversity. The central region appears transitory to some of the major vectors. Although some tick species were contained within specific regions, others were widespread across the province. Associated serology data show that most herds sampled in areas endemic for babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the north-eastern region are endemically unstable and at risk to these tick-borne diseases should vector control measures become ineffective.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Survey of the livestock ticks of the North West province, South Africa Texto completo
2011
Arthur M. Spickett | I. Heloise Heyne | Roy Williams
Ticks, as vectors of disease and damage agents, impact directly and indirectly on the economy of the livestock industry in southern Africa. This study surveyed the occurrence and distribution of ticks infesting livestock across the North West province, South Africa. During three phases in consecutive years, officers of the provincial Veterinary Department collected specimens monthly from livestock hosts at specified sites across the province. Data analysis constituted the fourth phase of the study. A total of 1090 collections from 265 sites yielded 42 566 tick specimens, comprising 22 different tick species (18 ixodids, 4 argasids). The specimens represent all of the major tick vectors of disease that occur in South Africa. The major tick-borne diseases (i.e. heartwater, both African and Asiatic bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis) were found to be prevalent mainly in the north-eastern region of the province, which also displayed the highest tick species diversity. The central region appears transitory to some of the major vectors. Although some tick species were contained within specific regions, others were widespread across the province. Associated serology data show that most herds sampled in areas endemic for babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the north-eastern region are endemically unstable and at risk to these tick-borne diseases should vector control measures become ineffective.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ixodid ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia Texto completo
2011
Kumsa, Bersissa E.(Addis Ababa University Department of Parasitology ,University of Padova Department of Experimental Sciences) | Mekonnen, Shewit(Addis Ababa University Department of Parasitology)
Ixodid ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia Texto completo
2011
Kumsa, Bersissa E.(Addis Ababa University Department of Parasitology ,University of Padova Department of Experimental Sciences) | Mekonnen, Shewit(Addis Ababa University Department of Parasitology)
This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and species composition of ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in and around Hawassa in southern Ethiopia. In total, 200 dogs and 100 cats were examined from November 2008 to April 2009. Of the dogs and cats examined, 99.5%and 91.5%, respectively, were infested with one or more species of ticks, fleas or lice. The overall prevalence was higher in dogs than in cats. A total of six different species of ectoparasites were collected and identified from dogs, but only three species from cats. Ctenocephalides felis was the predominant species amongst the animals, with a prevalence of 82.9% on dogs and 67% on cats. Other prevalent species on dogs included Ctenocephalides canis (73.8%), Heterodoxus spiniger (4%), nymphs of Amblyomma spp. (3.5%), Pulex irritans (2.5%) and Haemaphysalis leachi (0.5%). C. canis (18%) and P. irritans (6%) were also found on cats. More female than male fleas and lice were observed. The study revealed that the prevalence of fleas, ticks and lice on dogs was not significantly different between male and female animals or between young and adult dogs. However, the prevalence of these ectoparasites was significantly higher in female than in male and in adult than in young cats. The study showed that the prevalence of ectoparasites on both dogs and cats was significantly higher on animals with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) than those without FAD, and on animals with lesions on their skin compared with those without lesions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ixodid ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in Hawassa, southern Ethiopia Texto completo
2011
Bersissa E. Kumsa | Shewit Mekonnen
This study investigated the prevalence, risk factors and species composition of ticks, fleas and lice infesting dogs and cats in and around Hawassa in southern Ethiopia. In total, 200 dogs and 100 cats were examined from November 2008 to April 2009. Of the dogs and cats examined, 99.5% and 91.5%, respectively, were infested with one or more species of ticks, fleas or lice. The overall prevalence was higher in dogs than in cats. A total of six different species of ectoparasites were collected and identified from dogs, but only three species from cats. Ctenocephalides felis was the predominant species amongst the animals, with a prevalence of 82.9% on dogs and 67% on cats. Other prevalent species on dogs included Ctenocephalides canis (73.8%), Heterodoxus spiniger (4%), nymphs of Amblyomma spp. (3.5%), Pulex irritans (2.5%) and Haemaphysalis leachi (0.5%). C. canis (18%) and P. irritans (6%) were also found on cats. More female than male fleas and lice were observed. The study revealed that the prevalence of fleas, ticks and lice on dogs was not significantly different between male and female animals or between young and adult dogs. However, the prevalence of these ectoparasites was significantly higher in female than in male and in adult than in young cats. The study showed that the prevalence of ectoparasites on both dogs and cats was significantly higher on animals with flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) than those without FAD, and on animals with lesions on their skin compared with those without lesions.
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