Purpose. To develop a method of propagation, stimulation of rhizomes growth in vitro culture for the genus Miscanthus representatives and their adaptation in the open field without the use of greenhouse complexes for acclimatization and completion of growing.Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Prescription of nutrient medium was developed for explants inoculation, sprouts propagation, rhizomes growth stimulation in vitro. Such sterile explants as seeds, buds to be removed from rhizomes, parts of  stems with bud were placed on modified media with mineral portion by Murashige and Skoog (MS) that contained 0,5–1 dose of macroelements and one dose of microelements,  vitamins (10 mg/l of thia­minum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid and 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid) supplemented with amino acids (250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 3 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline), plant growth regulators [0,5–1,0 mg/l of GA (gibberelline acid), 0,2 mg/l of 6-BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine, 0,1 mg/l of NAA (α-naphtylacetic acid)] in different variations. After seed germination, buds emerging and sprouts formation 1–2 cm in height, for propagation purpose they were passivated on the medium of other composition that differed from previous one by the content and ratio of growth regulators, especially by a high concentration of cytokinins [6-BAP (0,4–0,5 mg/l), kinetin (0,5 mg/l), adenine (0,5 mg/k)] in different variations in presence of GA (0,2 mg/l). In order to stimulate rhizomes growth, microclones were transferred on media with other composition and ratio growth regulators (6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) or 6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) + NAA (0,1 mg/l),  in other words,  with a high content of gibberellins. After the formation of rhizomes 10–15 cm in length, miscanthus plants were planted out in the open ground. Stimulation of rhizomes initiation and elongation on appropriate nutrient media before Miscanthus giganteus, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis planting in vivo resulted in 100% adaptation and 100% survival of plants in the winter period without the use of greenhouse complexes.Conclusions. The method of miscanthus propagation in vit­ro and adaptation in the open ground was developed that included stimulation of rhizomes growth and favoured the increase of their length on media supplemented with gibbe­relline that guaranteed 100% preservation of microplants to be propagated from in vitro culture during adaptation in the open ground and acclimatization in winter.

Мета. Введення в культуру in vitro та одержання калюсів із зрілих зародків 3 зразків пшениці спельти та порівняння ефективності їхнього калюсогенезу із 2 зразками пшениці м’якої. Методи. Для проведення цього дослідження було обрано 5 зразків гексаплоїдної пшениці: 3 – спельти та 2 – пшениці м’якої. Стерилізацію зерна проводили 96% етиловим спиртом та 5% розчином гіпохлориту натрію. Для уведення в культуру in vitro експлантами брали зрілі зародки. Для калюсогенезу використали три типи живильних середовищ Мурасіге і Скуга (МS) з різним компонентним складом. Експланти культивували в темряві 21 добу. Результати. Підібрано оптимальні умови для індукції культури тканин Triticum spelta L. та T. aestivum L. із зрілих зародків. Отримані з різних зразків калюси, які вирощували на трьох типах модифікованого живильного середовища МS, не відрізнялись між собою морфологічно. У сортів спельти ‘Європа’ і пшениці м’якої ‘Бунчук’ та ‘Елегія Миронівська’ незалежно від складу середовища спостерігали високу ефективність калюсоутворення, у той час як на експлантах спельти сорту ‘Зоря України’ відбувалось повільне формування калюсу.Висновки. З експлантів зрілих зародків отримано культуру тканин 3 зразків спельти та 2 зразків пшениці м’якої. Встановлено, що найефективнішими для калюсоутворення з експлантів зрілих зародків пшениці м’якої та спельти було живильне середовище MS з 3% сахарози, доповнене 2 мг/л 2,4-Д, 10 мл/л арґентумом нітрату. Ефективність калюсогенезу на 21 добу культивування, залежно від зразка, варіювала в межах 80,2–100,0%. Досліджувані зразки відрізнялись між собою за здатністю формувати калюси на живильних середовищах із різним компонентним складом. | Purpose. Introduction to in vitro culture and obtaining of callus from mature embryos of 3 spelt samples and comparing the effectiveness of their callusogenesis with 2 soft wheat samples. Methods. Five samples of hexaploid wheat (three of spelt and two of soft wheat) were taken for experiments. Surface sterilization of grains was carried out in 96% ethanol and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution. Mature embryos were used as explants. Three types of MS culture media with different component compositions were used for callusogenesis. Explants were cultivated in the dark for 21 days. Results. The optimal conditions for the induction of tissue culture of Triticum spelta L. and T. aestivum L. from mature embryos were selected. Received calli from different samples, which were grown on three types of culture media MS, did not differ morphologically from each other. A genetic predisposition to callus formation was observed for specimens of ‘Evropa’ spelt variety and soft wheat ‘Bunchuk’ and ‘Elehiia Myronivska’ wheat samples regardless of the composition of the MS medium, while callus formation was slow on the explants of ‘Zoria Ukrainy’ cultivar. Conclusions. A tissue culture of 3 spelt samples and 2 soft wheat samples was obtained using mature embryos as explants. It was found that a nutrient medium containing 3% sucrose and supplemented with 2 mg/L 2,4-D, 10 ml/L silver nitrate was the most effective for callus formation from mature germ explants of soft wheat and spelt. The efficiency of the calluso­genesis on the 21st day of cultivation, depending on the sample, varied in the range of 80.2–100.0%. The studied samples differed among themselves in their ability to form calli on nutrient media with different component composition. The efficiency of spelt callusogenesis was first studied in Ukraine. | Цель. Введение в культуру in vitro и получение каллюса от зрелых зародышей 3 образцов спельты и сравнение эффективности их каллюсогенеза с 2 образцами пшеницы мягкой. Методы. Для работы взяты 5 образцов гексаплоидной пшеницы – 3 спельты и 2 пшеницы мягкой. Поверхностную стерилизацию зерна проводили в 96% этиловом спирте и 5% растворе гипохлорита натрия. В качестве эксплантов использовализрелые зародыши. Для калюсогенеза использовали три типа питательных сред МS с различным компонентным составом. Экспланты культивировали в темноте 21 день. Результаты. Подобраны оптимальные условия для индукции культуры тканей Triticum spelta L. и T. aestivum L. из зрелых зародышей. Полученные каллюсы из разных образцов, которые выращивали на трех типах питательных сред МS, не отличались между собой морфологически. Наблюдали генетическую предрасположенность к каллюсообразованию образцов спельты сорта ‘Європа’ и пшеницы мягкой сортов ‘Бунчук’ и ‘Елегія Миронівська’ независимо от состава среды MS в то время, как на эксплантах спельты сорта ‘Зоря України’ происходило медленное формирование каллюса. Выводы. Получено культуру тканей 3 образцов спельты и 2 образцов пшеницы мягкой с использованием в качестве эксплантов зрелых зародышей. Установлено, что наиболее эффективной для каллюсообразования из эксплантов зрелых зародышей пшеницы мягкой и спельты была питательная среда, дополненная 2 мг/л 2,4-Д, 10 мл/л нитрата серебра и содержащая 3% сахарозы. Среднее значение эффективности каллюсогенеза при этом составляло 80,2–100,0% на 21 сутки выращивания. Исследуемые образцы отличались между собой способностью формировать каллюс на питательных средах с различным компонентным составом. Впервые в Украине исследована эфективность каллюсогенеза спельты.

Purpose. To develop a method of propagation, stimulation of rhizomes growth in vitro culture for the genus Miscanthus representatives and their adaptation in the open field without the use of greenhouse complexes for acclimatization and completion of growing. Methods. Biotechnological procedures, mathematical and statistical analyses. Results. Prescription of nutrient medium was developed for explants inoculation, sprouts propagation, rhizomes growth stimulation in vitro. Such sterile explants as seeds, buds to be removed from rhizomes, parts of stems with bud were placed on modified media with mineral portion by Murashige and Skoog (MS) that contained 0,5–1 dose of macroelements and one dose of microelements, vitamins (10 mg/l of thia­minum, 1,0 mg/l of pyridoxine, 1,0 mg/l of nicotinic acid and 1,0 mg/l of ascorbic acid) supplemented with amino acids (250 mg/l of glutamic acid, 3 mg/l of tyrosine, 3 mg/l of arginine, 2 mg/l of hydroxyproline), plant growth regulators [0,5–1,0 mg/l of GA (gibberelline acid), 0,2 mg/l of 6-BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine, 0,1 mg/l of NAA (α-naphtylacetic acid)] in different variations. After seed germination, buds emerging and sprouts formation 1–2 cm in height, for propagation purpose they were passivated on the medium of other composition that differed from previous one by the content and ratio of growth regulators, especially by a high concentration of cytokinins [6-BAP (0,4–0,5 mg/l), kinetin (0,5 mg/l), adenine (0,5 mg/k)] in different variations in presence of GA (0,2 mg/l). In order to stimulate rhizomes growth, microclones were transferred on media with other composition and ratio growth regulators (6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) or 6-BAP (0,2–0,3 mg/l) + GA (0,5–1,0 mg/l) + NAA (0,1 mg/l), in other words, with a high content of gibberellins. After the formation of rhizomes 10–15 cm in length, miscanthus plants were planted out in the open ground. Stimulation of rhizomes initiation and elongation on appropriate nutrient media before Miscanthus giganteus, M. sacchariflorus and M. sinensis planting in vivo resulted in 100% adaptation and 100% survival of plants in the winter period without the use of greenhouse complexes. Conclusions. The method of miscanthus propagation in vit­ro and adaptation in the open ground was developed that included stimulation of rhizomes growth and favoured the increase of their length on media supplemented with gibbe­relline that guaranteed 100% preservation of microplants to be propagated from in vitro culture during adaptation in the open ground and acclimatization in winter.

The article highlights summary of initial material introduction and of generation of sterile form of sugar sorghum, its ground germination capacity and viability of the seed in various fractions. This has scrutinized impact of various chemical reagents and expositions the yield of sterile and viable explants.