Purpose. Determine the effect of plant densities and the use of Organic-balance biological preparation on growth, development of photosynthetic potential and seed yield of maize lines, parental components of perspective hybrids (‘Arabat’, ‘Skadovskyi’, ‘Kakhovskyi’, ‘Azov’, ‘Chonhar’, ‘Hileia’ etc.) under conditions of drip irrigation. Methods. Field, morphometric, statistical. Results. In the flowering phase, the maximum differences in the area of the assimilation surface were observed between the maize lines and between variants using different plant densities and Organic-balance biological preparation. The largest indicator of the area of the assimilation surface was at the mid-late line DK445 for a standing density of 70 thousand plants/ha and the use of organic preparation Organic balance – 0.489 m2/plant. Organic-balance biological preparation had a positive effect on the dynamics of the area of the assimilation surface of the lines, had provide an increase of 0.04 m2/plant or 9.5% over individual phases of development compared to untreated control. The maximum value of the net productivity of photosynthesis – 6.78 g/m2 per day, was obtained from the FAO 420 line at a density of 70 thousand plant/ha, in the FAO 350 line was less by 4.3% with a maximum at a density of 80 thousand. plants/ha. For the FAO 290 line, the optimal plant density was 90,000 plants/ha. It was found that the genotype of the line with a share of influence of 81.2 and 85.2%, respectively, is predominantly influenced by the plant leaf area and the net productivity of photosynthesis. The influence of the organic preparation Organic-balance on these indicators was less and amounted to 13.3 and 12.3% respectively. The least influence on photosynthetic parameters was carried out by the density of phytocoenoses (the proportion of influence of 5.5 and 2.5%). Genotype with 82.2% share had the greatest influence on the seed yield of the lineage-parental components of maize hybrids. Part of the impact of the organic preparation Organic balance was 4.0%, plant density – 5.3%. The maximum seed yield of the FAO 290 line was obtained at a density of 90 thousand. growth./ha and organic drug treatment Organic-balance and amounted to 5.15 t/ha. The FAO 350 line showed the highest yield at a stand density of 80,000. growth/ha and treatment with organic drug Organic-balance – 5.46 t/ha. FAO 420, the highest seed yield, formed at a stand density of 80,000 plants/ha – 6.58 t/ha and treatment with organic drug Organic balance – 7.08 t/ha. Organic Balance treatment increased the seed yield by an average of 8.1%. Conclusions. Photosynthetic indicators of maize lines mainly depend on the genotype. Phytocenosis density and treatment with biopreparation have a much smaller effect. Under irrigation, the maximum seed yield was formed by the FAO 420 parent line of 7.08 t/ha. The results obtained indicate that in order to plan the production of seed material of maize lines, which are the parent components of hybrids, their genotypic features, the response to the density of phytocenoses and biological preparation with growth-stimulating action must be taken into account.

A total of 292 lichen samples, representing over 200 species and at least 65 genera and 26 families, were collected, mainly in Thailand; 170 of the specimens discharged ascospores in the laboratory. Generally, crustose lichens exhibited the highest discharge rates and percentage germination. In contrast, foliose lichen samples, although having a high discharge rate, had a lower percentage germination than crustose species tested. A correlation with season was indicated for a number of species. Continued development of germinated ascospores into recognizable colonies in pure culture was followed for a selection of species. The most successful medium tried was 2 % Malt-Yeast extract agar (MYA), and under static conditions using a liquid culture medium, a sponge proved to be the best of several physical carriers tested; this novel method has considerable potential for experimental work with lichen mycobionts.

Purpose. Determine the effect of plant densities and the use of Organic-balance biological preparation on growth, development of photosynthetic potential and seed yield of maize lines, parental components of perspective hybrids (‘Arabat’, ‘Skadovskyi’, ‘Kakhovskyi’, ‘Azov’, ‘Chonhar’, ‘Hileia’ etc.) under conditions of drip irrigation.Methods. Field, morphometric, statistical.Results. In the flowering phase, the maximum differences in the area of the assimilation surface were observed between the maize lines and between variants using different plant densities and Organic-balance biological preparation. The largest indicator of the area of the assimilation surface was at the mid-late line DK445 for a standing density of 70 thousand plants/ha and the use of organic preparation Organic balance – 0.489 m2/plant. Organic-balance biological preparation had a positive effect on the dynamics of the area of the assimilation surface of the lines, had provide an increase of 0.04 m2/plant or 9.5% over individual phases of development compared to untreated control. The maximum value of the net productivity of photosynthesis – 6.78 g/m2 per day, was obtained from the FAO 420 line at a density of 70 thousand plant/ha, in the FAO 350 line was less by 4.3% with a maximum at a density of 80 thousand. plants/ha. For the FAO 290 line, the optimal plant density was 90,000 plants/ha. It was found that the genotype of the line with a share of influence of 81.2 and 85.2%, respectively, is predominantly influenced by the plant leaf area and the net productivity of photosynthesis. The influence of the organic preparation Organic-balance on these indicators was less and amounted to 13.3 and 12.3% respectively. The least influence on photosynthetic parameters was carried out by the density of phytocoenoses (the proportion of influence of 5.5 and 2.5%). Genotype with 82.2% share had the greatest influence on the seed yield of the lineage-parental components of maize hybrids. Part of the impact of the organic preparation Organic balance was 4.0%, plant density – 5.3%. The maximum seed yield of the FAO 290 line was obtained at a density of 90 thousand. growth./ha and organic drug treatment Organic-balance and amounted to 5.15 t/ha. The FAO 350 line showed the highest yield at a stand density of 80,000. growth/ha and treatment with organic drug Organic-balance – 5.46 t/ha. FAO 420, the highest seed yield, formed at a stand density of 80,000 plants/ha – 6.58 t/ha and treatment with organic drug Organic balance – 7.08 t/ha. Organic Balance treatment increased the seed yield by an average of 8.1%.Conclusions. Photosynthetic indicators of maize lines mainly depend on the genotype. Phytocenosis density and treatment with biopreparation have a much smaller effect. Under irrigation, the maximum seed yield was formed by the FAO 420 parent line of 7.08 t/ha. The results obtained indicate that in order to plan the production of seed material of maize lines, which are the parent components of hybrids, their genotypic features, the response to the density of phytocenoses and biological preparation with growth-stimulating action must be taken into account. | Цель. Определить влияние густоты стояния растений и применения биопрепарата Органик-баланс на рост, развитие фотосинтетического потенциала и урожайность семян линий кукурузы, родительских компонентов перспективных гибридов (‘Арабат’, ‘Скадовський’, ‘Каховський’, ‘Aзов’, ‘Чонгар’, ‘Гилея’ т.д.) в условиях капельного орошения.Методы. Полевой, морфо-метрический, статистические.Результаты. В фазу цветения початков наблюдали максимальные различия значения площади ассимиляционной поверхности между линиями кукурузы и между вариантами с применением различной густоты растений и биопрепарата Органик-баланс. Наибольший показатель площади ассимиляционной поверхности был у среднепоздней линии ДК445 при густоте стояния 70 тыс. раст./га и использовании биопрепарата Органик-баланс – 0,489 м2/растение. Биопрепарат Органик-баланс положительно влиял на динамику площади ассимиляционной поверхности линий, обеспечив прирост по отдельным фазам развития по сравнению с необработанным контролем на 0,04 м2/растение или на 9,5%. Максимальную урожайность семян линии группы ФАО 290 (ДК247) получили при густоте 90 тыс. раст./га и обработке биопрепаратом Органик-баланс ‒ 5,15 т/га. У линии гуппы ФАО 350 (ДК205710) лучшую урожайность зафиксировали на варианте с густотой стояния 80 тыс. раст./га и при обработке биопрепаратом Органик-баланс ‒ 5,46 т/га. Наибольшую урожайность семян линии группы ФАО 420 (ДК445) было отмечено на варианте с густотой стояния 80 тыс. раст./га ‒ 6,58 т/га и при обработке биопрепаратом Органик-баланс ‒ 7,08 т/га. Использование биопрепарата Органик-баланс увеличивало урожайность семян в среднем на 8,1%.Выводы. Фотосинтетические показатели линий кукурузы преимущественно зависили от генотипа. Плотность фитоценоза и обработка биопрепаратом имели гораздо меньшее влияние на продуктивность фотосинтеза. В условиях орошения максимальную урожайность семян было отмечено у среднепоздней родительской линии ДК445 – 7,08 т/га. В соответствии с полученными результатами производство семенного материала родительских компонентов необходимо осуществлять с учётом их генотипических характеристик, реакции на плотность фитоценоза и использования биопрепаратов с ростстимулирующим эффектом. | Мета. Визначити вплив густоти рослин та застосування біопрепарату Органік-баланс на розвиток, формування фотосинтетичного потенціалу та врожайності насіння батьківських компонентів зареєстрованих гібридів (‘Арабат’, ‘Скадовський’, ‘Каховський’, ‘Азов’, ‘Чонгар’, ‘Гілея’ тощо) за умов краплинного зрошення.Методи. Польовий, морфометричний, статистичні.Результати. У фазу цвітіння качанів спостерігали максимальні відмінності значення площі асиміляційної поверхні між лініями кукурудзи та між варіантами з застосуванням різної густоти рослин і біопрепарату Органік-баланс. Найбільшим показник площі асиміляційної поверхні був у середньопізньої лінії ДК445 за густоти стояння 70 тис. росл./га та використання біопрепарату Органік-баланс – 0,489 м2/рослину. Біопрепарат Органік-баланс позитивно впливав на динаміку площі асиміляційної поверхні ліній, забезпечивши приріст за окремими фазами розвитку порівняно з необробленим контролем на 0,04 м2/рослину або на 9,5%. Максимальну врожайність насіння лінії групи ФАО 290 (ДК247) було отримано за густоти 90 тис. росл./га та обробляння біопрепаратом Органік-баланс ‒ 5,15 т/га. У лінії групи ФАО 350 (ДК205710) кращу врожайність було зафіксовано на варіанті з густотою стояння 80 тис. росл./га та при оброблянні біопрепаратом Органік-баланс – 5,46 т/га. Найбільшу врожайність насіння лінії групи ФАО 420 (ДК445) було відмічено у варіанті з густотою стояння 80 тис. рослин/га – 6,58 т/га та при оброблянні біопрепаратом Органік-баланс – 7,08 т/га. Застосування біопрепарату Органік-баланс збільшувало врожайність насіння у середньому на 8,1%.Висновки. Фотосинтетичні показники ліній кукурудзи переважно залежали від генотипу. Архітектоніка агрофітоценозу та застосування біопрепарату Органік-баланс значно менше впливали на продуктивність фотосинтезу. В умовах зрошення максимальну врожайність насіння було відмічено у середньопізньої батьківської лінії ДК445 – 7,08 т/га. Відповідно до отриманих результатів виробництво насіннєвого матеріалу батьківських компонентів необхідно здійснювати із врахуванням їхніх генотипових характеристик, реакцій на густоту агрофітоценозу та застосування біопрепаратів з ефектом стимулювання росту.

Elements of energy-saving technology of table beet seed production (variety type of Bordeau) in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were improved, they include method of irrigation (drip irrigation, HB 70–65%), fertilizing (locally N 15 P 30 K 60 + N 15), fertigation (stage of 3–4 true leaves, bundle ripeness, the beginning of stooling and flowering), the use of standard mother roots 61–100 mm in diameter along with mother rootsstecklings 41–60 mm in diameter that increase average yields according to the size up to 1,89 t/ha. It is found that the application of micronutrient mixture of Zn + B + Mo in one term and mixture of Zn + B in two terms was the most effective.

Elements of energy-saving technology of table beet seed production (variety type of Bordeau) in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were improved, they include method of irrigation (drip irrigation, HB 70–65%), fertilizing (locally N 15 P 30 K 60 + N 15 ), fertigation (stage of 3–4 true leaves, bundle ripeness, the beginning of stooling and flowering), the use of standard mother roots 61–100 mm in diameter along with mother rootsstecklings 41–60 mm in diameter that increase average yields according to the size up to 1,89 t/ha. It is found that the application of micronutrient mixture of Zn + B + Mo in one term and mixture of Zn + B in two terms was the most effective.