The article features results of studying suitability to processing for various varieties of onion as grown in the conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. A complex assessment has been completed for fresh products of onion for 9 different varieties by the content of basic biochemical, biological, economic, organoleptic characteristics with the view of determining the most suitable for drying. Varieties are singled out , which bulbs accumulate the biggest dry matter, sugar, C vitamin content and display the highest yield of consumable products. Assessment of dry products against the set of organoleptic and technological indicators has been completed. This revealed loss of basic biochemical components of onions during drying and long-term storage of dried products, as well as established increasing of the content of dry matters and acids and decreasing of that of sugars and vitamin C while storing the dried onion. The set of examined parameters

The article features results of studying suitability to processing for various varieties of onion as grown in the conditions of Ukrainian Forest-Steppe. A complex assessment has been completed for fresh products of onion for 9 different varieties by the content of basic biochemical, biological, economic, organoleptic characteristics with the view of determining the most suitable for drying. Varieties are singled out , which bulbs accumulate the biggest dry matter, sugar, C vitamin content and display the highest yield of consumable products. Assessment of dry products against the set of organoleptic and technological indicators has been completed. This revealed loss of basic biochemical components of onions during drying and long-term storage of dried products, as well as established increasing of the content of dry matters and acids and decreasing of that of sugars and vitamin C while storing the dried onion. The set of examined parameters

Discussed problems of planetary changes of climate, through that it is necessary to revise the terms of sowing of winter crops, and also structure of sowing of agricultural cultures. The brought transpiration coefficients over of basic agricultural cultures, that must be taken into account for forming of structure of their sowing. On the example of wheat winter-annual the done attempt to be determined with priority directions in the selection of agricultural cultures.

The article researched genetic potential, morpho-biological characteristics and features of new varieties of winter wheat varieties of semi-dwarf and short-stem types. It was established that new generation of such varieties displayed improved architectonic of plants, as well as a complex of morphological and economical value chararacteristics and features, combined high genetic potential of productivity with good adopting features, and short stem with high resistance to drowning, and generated higher crop capacity compared to conventional mid-ripening varieties.

The results of studying of walnuts collection have been given; the evaluation of the assortment according to resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions has been done; some varieties have been recommended for using in breeding and introduction in industry.

Purpose. Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are affected by many viral diseases which cause serious pathological problems. GLRaV-3 is among the most widespread leafroll viruses, while Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV) is a destructive pathogen which reduces the lifespan of grapevine. Considering the impact and the spread of these diseases, our objective was to analyse the presence of these two viruses in several grapevine varieties in grapevine collection at ATTC Vlore. Data gathered from plant pathogens serve to better understand and prevent the spread of pathogens, as a mandatory rule for the quality control of certified plant material during vegetative propagation. Method. The presence of two common viruses were tested using virus specific primers; LC1/LC2 primer pair designed from the hHSP70 gene for detecting Grapevine Leafroll-associated Virus-3 (GLRaV3) and C3390/H2999 primer pair, designed from coat protein coding regions for detecting Grapevine Fanleaf Virus (GFLV), in six varieties; ‘Merlot’, ‘Kallmet’, ‘Shesh i zi’, ‘Shesh i bardhё’, ‘Debinё’, and ‘Pulёz’, provided through a randomised sampling procedure. One Step Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction assay was used to detect the viral presence. Results showed a high (100%) prevalence of GLRaV3 virus in all of analysed samples, as the most frequent among the two pathogens. Analysis for of GFLV virus showed low infection rate, being present in only one sample. Conclusions. We herein show an efficient, fast and reproducible method for detecting grapevine viruses through one step RT-PCR. Our results suggest that sampling of the infected plant material should be avoided due to the presence of viral infections.

Varietal resources make one of the key national priorities. They pose themselves an outcome of intellectual effort by considerable society part - geneticists, breeders, physiologist, biochemists and biophysicists, immunologists and mathematicians, economists, ecologists and variety examiners.

Varietal resources make one of the key national priorities. They pose themselves an outcome of intellectual effort by considerable society part - geneticists, breeders, physiologist, biochemists and biophysicists, immunologists and mathematicians, economists, ecologists and variety examiners.

The article shows experimental data of interline hybrids of sugar beet on the basis of weight of 1000 seeds, genetic determination of characteristic based on the method of Hayman and topcrossed polytested crossbreeding is established, their comparison is made. It also highlights valuable hybrid combinations and valuable for combining pollinating lines used in the breeding to enhance properties of sowing seeds.

The article shows experimental data of interline hybrids of sugar beet on the basis of weight of 1000 seeds, genetic determination of characteristic based on the method of Hayman and topcrossed polytested crossbreeding is established, their comparison is made. It also highlights valuable hybrid combinations and valuable for combining pollinating lines used in the breeding to enhance properties of sowing seeds.

The article highlights economical value of sorghum vulgaris, accession to the market of varietal sources. It provides description of productivity and new varieties of sorghum vulgaris bicolor listed in the State Register of Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine.

The article highlights economical value of sorghum vulgaris, accession to the market of varietal sources. It provides description of productivity and new varieties of sorghum vulgaris bicolor listed in the State Register of Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine.

The article reflects economical value of a valuable food crop, field pea used chiefly as a vegetable (Pisum sativum L partim), its origin and distribution both in the worldwide scale and in our country, establishment of its varietal resources. Exhausting description is provided to new varieties of pea used chiefly as a vegetable, which have been listed in the State Register of Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine in 20010-2011 for the harvest in 2012, and for which official description is available.

The article reflects economical value of a valuable food crop, field pea used chiefly as a vegetable (Pisum sativum L partim), its origin and distribution both in the worldwide scale and in our country, establishment of its varietal resources. Exhausting description is provided to new varieties of pea used chiefly as a vegetable, which have been listed in the State Register of Varieties Suitable for Dissemination in Ukraine in 20010-2011 for the harvest in 2012, and for which official description is available.

The article provides results of efficiency of double screening by quantity of normally developed germs affected of unfavorable abiotic factors, namely decreased temperatures of seeds sprouting and embryogenesis at extremes (heat, shortage of water).

Magnetic or oxidation treatment of irrigation water can promote the transport of water and nutrients by the root system, improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use and potentially increase yields. Hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to explore how irrigation with magnetized and/or oxidized water affects grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) in winter wheat with an emphasis on physiological changes in the root system. Hydroponic cultivation of winter wheat with pure groundwater and brackish water included the following treatments: control group (CK−G, CK−B); magnetization (GM, BM); oxidation (GO, BO); and the combination of magnetization and oxidation (G(M+O), B(M+O), G(O+M), B(O+M)). Field experiments only tested irrigation with various types of groundwater, including the control group (IG), magnetization treatment (IGM), oxidation treatment (IGO), and the combination of the two treatment methods (IG(M+O), IG(O+M)). Hydroponic cultivation revealed that the magnetic treatment and oxidation of both groundwater and brackish water can significantly improve the root vigor of winter wheat, i.e., improvements of 100.5–253.7% and 100.4–213.9% were seen in the groundwater and brackish treatment groups, respectively, relative to the control group. The root length density (RLD) of wheat increased by 67.6% (GM), 79.4% (GO), 7.5% (BM), and 40.0% (BO) relative to the respective control groups (CK−G and CK−B). Moreover, the root weight density (RWD) for BO and B(O+M) treatments improved significantly (66.7% and 55.4%, respectively) relative to CK−B. The maximal increases in root surface area density (RSD) were observed in treatments GO and B(O+M), which showed values 125% and 100%, respectively, higher than what was measured for the control groups. The root/shoot ratios of the GO and G(O+M) treatments improved significantly (by 75.3% and 62.0%, respectively) relative to CK−G. The results of field experiments showed that wheat in the IGO and IG(O+M) plots absorbed more water from the soil than wheat in the of IG plots (increases of 13.9% and 16.9%, respectively). Furthermore, the IGO and IG(O+M) treatments produced significantly higher grain yields and WUE than the IG plots, with IGO producing the maximum yield (11.7 × 10³ kg ha⁻¹) and IG(O+M) the highest observed WUE (30.3 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). Hence, the research provides clear evidence that the irrigation of winter wheat with magnetized and/or oxidized water can increase grain yields and WUE.

Мета. Визначити вплив умов зволоження та обробки насіння біологічними препаратами Азотофіт-р, Фітоцид, Мікофренд-р, Органік-баланс Монофосфор на ростові процеси на початкових етапах життя рослин, формування густоти стояння та урожайність зерна сортів пшениці озимої.Методи. Для досліджень використовували загально­наукові, спеціальні, польові, математично-ста­тистичні та розрахунково-порівняльні методи.Результати. Запорукою високої врожайності пшениці озимої є одержання дружних сходів, формування оптимальної густоти стояння рослин на час збирання з урахуванням показників їх виживаності, коефіцієнту продуктивної кущистості та вивчення нових сортів, адаптованих до змін клімату. За результатами досліджень визначено, що в середньому за 2020–2022 рр. більшу урожайність зерна серед досліджуваних сортів пшениці озимої сформовано у рослин сорту ‘Дума одеська’ (8,38 т/га) на зрошенні у варіанті з передпосівною обробкою насіння біопрепаратом Азотофіт-р, що на 0,78 т/га більше, порівнюючи з контролем (обробка водою). У варіанті без зрошення урожайність становила 6,08 т/га, що менше за контроль на 2,3 т/га або 27,4%.Висновки. Розроблені елементи технології вирощування сортів пшениці озимої дають можливість сформувати оптимальну густоту стояння рослин та значно підвищити урожайність зерна в умовах Південного Степу України. | Purpose. To determine the influence of the moistening conditions and treatment of seeds with biological preparations Azotofit-r, Fitotsyd, Mycofriend-r, Orhanik-balans Monofosfor on growth processes at the initial plant life stages, formation of stand density and grain yield of winter wheat varieties.Methods. General scientific, special, field, mathematical-statistical and calculation-comparative methods were used for research.Results. The key to a high yield of winter wheat is in obtaining even stands, forming the optimal density of plant stands at the time of harvesting, taking into account their survival rates, the coefficient of productive tillering, and the study of new varieties adapted to climate changes. According to the research results, it was determined that, on average, for 2020–2022, the highest grain yield among the studied varieties of winter wheat was recorded in plants of the variety ‘Duma Odeska’ (8.38 t/ha) under irrigation in the variant with pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the biopreparation Azotofit-r, which was 0.78 t/ha more compared to the control (treatment with water). In the variant without irrigation, the yield was 6.08 t/ha, which was less than the control by 2.3 t/ha or 27.4%.Conclusions. The developed elements of the technology of winter wheat varieties growing make it possible to form the optimal plant density and significantly increase grain yield in the conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine

Seeds are a vector of genetic progress and, as such, they play a significant role in the sustainability of the agri-food system. The current global seed market is worth USD 60 billion that is expected to reach USD 80 billion by 2025. Seeds are most often treated before their planting with both chemical and biological agents/products to secure good seed quality and high yield by reducing or preventing losses caused by diseases. There is increasing interest in biological seed treatments as alternatives to chemical seed treatments as the latter have several negative human health and environmental impacts. However, no study has yet quantified the effectiveness of biological seed treatments to enhance crop performance and yield. Our meta-analysis encompassing 396 studies worldwide reveals for the first time that biological seed treatments significantly improve seed germination (7±6%), seedling emergence (91±5%), plant biomass (53±5%), disease control (55±1%), and crop yield (21±2%) compared to untreated seeds across contrasted crop groups, target pathogens, climatic regions, and experimental conditions. We conclude that biological seed treatments may represent a sustainable solution to feed the increasing global populations while avoiding negative effects on human health and ensuring environmental sustainability.

International audience | Seeds are a vector of genetic progress and, as such, they play a significant role in the sustainability of the agri-food system. The current global seed market is worth USD 60 billion that is expected to reach USD 80 billion by 2025. Seeds are most often treated before their planting with both chemical and biological agents/products to secure good seed quality and high yield by reducing or preventing losses caused by diseases. There is increasing interest in biological seed treatments as alternatives to chemical seed treatments as the latter have several negative human health and environmental impacts. However, no study has yet quantified the effectiveness of biological seed treatments to enhance crop performance and yield. Our meta-analysis encompassing 396 studies worldwide reveals for the first time that biological seed treatments significantly improve seed germination (7±6%), seedling emergence (91±5%), plant biomass (53±5%), disease control (55±1%), and crop yield (21±2%) compared to untreated seeds across contrasted crop groups, target pathogens, climatic regions, and experimental conditions. We conclude that biological seed treatments may represent a sustainable solution to feed the increasing global populations while avoiding negative effects on human health and ensuring environmental sustainability.

Magnetic or oxidation treatment of irrigation water can promote the transport of water and nutrients by the root system, improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer use and potentially increase yields. Hydroponic and field experiments were conducted to explore how irrigation with magnetized and/or oxidized water affects grain yield and water-use efficiency (WUE) in winter wheat with an emphasis on physiological changes in the root system. Hydroponic cultivation of winter wheat with pure groundwater and brackish water included the following treatments: control group (CK−G, CK−B); magnetization (GM, BM); oxidation (GO, BO); and the combination of magnetization and oxidation (G(M+O), B(M+O), G(O+M), B(O+M)). Field experiments only tested irrigation with various types of groundwater, including the control group (IG), magnetization treatment (IGM), oxidation treatment (IGO), and the combination of the two treatment methods (IG(M+O), IG(O+M)). Hydroponic cultivation revealed that the magnetic treatment and oxidation of both groundwater and brackish water can significantly improve the root vigor of winter wheat, i.e., improvements of 100.5–253.7% and 100.4–213.9% were seen in the groundwater and brackish treatment groups, respectively, relative to the control group. The root length density (RLD) of wheat increased by 67.6% (GM), 79.4% (GO), 7.5% (BM), and 40.0% (BO) relative to the respective control groups (CK−G and CK−B). Moreover, the root weight density (RWD) for BO and B(O+M) treatments improved significantly (66.7% and 55.4%, respectively) relative to CK−B. The maximal increases in root surface area density (RSD) were observed in treatments GO and B(O+M), which showed values 125% and 100%, respectively, higher than what was measured for the control groups. The root/shoot ratios of the GO and G(O+M) treatments improved significantly (by 75.3% and 62.0%, respectively) relative to CK−G. The results of field experiments showed that wheat in the IGO and IG(O+M) plots absorbed more water from the soil than wheat in the of IG plots (increases of 13.9% and 16.9%, respectively). Furthermore, the IGO and IG(O+M) treatments produced significantly higher grain yields and WUE than the IG plots, with IGO producing the maximum yield (11.7 × 10³ kg ha⁻¹) and IG(O+M) the highest observed WUE (30.3 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). Hence, the research provides clear evidence that the irrigation of winter wheat with magnetized and/or oxidized water can increase grain yields and WUE.

The results of investigation of pigmental complex and anatomical structure of red currant leaves in connection with the drought resistance are given. The genotypes of red currant: «Gazel», «Belka», «Jonker van Tets», «Viksne», «Selyanochka», «Niva», «Gollandskaya krasnaya», «1432-29-98» and «1426-21-80» have more xeromorphic structure of leaves, providing of ecological tolerance to drought and high temperature. Varieties «Roza», «Dana» have a low adaptation to drought resistance.

The results of investigation of pigmental complex and anatomical structure of red currant leaves in connection with the drought resistance are given. The genotypes of red currant: «Gazel», «Belka», «Jonker van Tets», «Viksne», «Selyanochka», «Niva», «Gollandskaya krasnaya», «1432-29-98» and «1426-21-80» have more xeromorphic structure of leaves, providing of ecological tolerance to drought and high temperature. Varieties «Roza», «Dana» have a low adaptation to drought resistance.