Мета. Провести типування сортів сої культурної (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) української та закордонної селекції за мікросателітним маркером Satt100 гена Е7 фотоперіодичної чутливості. Методи. Виділення ДНК з проростків на колонках із сорбуючою мембраною; полімеразна ланцюгова реакція; горизонтальний гель-електрофорез; визначення розмірів продуктів ампліфікації за програмою «GelAnalyzer 2010a». Результати. За допомогою аналізу мікросателітного локусу Satt100, який є маркером гена Е7, проведено типування 15 сортів сої. Встановлено наявність продуктів ампліфікації розміром 133, 149 та 168 п.н., що маркують рецесивний та домінантний алелі гена Е7 відповідно. Усі досліджені сорти, крім сорту ‘Одеська 150А’, були гомогенними за мікросателітним локусом Satt100. Генотипи восьми сортів мали рецесивний алель е7, шести – домінантний алель Е7. Порівняли наявність певного алеля гена Е7 у генотипі сорту з належністю до групи стиглості. Відмічено зв’язок для сортів з вегетаційним періодом до 100 діб: усі чотири сорти цієї групи мали алель е7 та для сортів із вегетаційним періодом понад 110 діб: для всіх чотирьох сортів цієї групи характерні фрагменти ампліфікації локусу Satt100, що маркують домінантний алель. Із семи середньо­ранніх сортів чотири мали рецесивний алель е7, а три – домінантний Е7. Наведено інформацію про отримання різними науковцями фрагментів ампліфікації неоднакових розмірів, але при цьому виявлено тенденцію щодо зв’язку більш високомолекулярних фрагментів з домінантним, а низькомолекулярних – з рецесивним алелем. Висновки. За результатами типування за мікросателітним маркером Satt100 гена Е7 фотоперіодичної чутливості для 15 сортів сої визначено наявність рецесивного або домінантного алеля гена Е7. Для більшості зразків встановлено відповідність наявності певного алеля гена Е7 та тривалості вегетаційного періоду. Наявність фрагментів ампліфікації різного розміру, характерних для рецесивного алеля, свідчить про необхідність сиквенування та біоінформатичного аналізу фрагментів ампліфікації локусу Satt100. | Purpose. Typingsoybean (Glycinemax (L.) Merr.) culti­vars of Ukrainian and foreign breeding for microsatellite mar­ker Satt100 of E7 gene of photoperiod sensitivity. Methods.DNA recover from seedlings on columns with sorbing membrane; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); horizontal gel electro­phoresis; amplification products size determination using “GelAnalyzer 2010a” program. Results. PCR analysis of the microsatellite locus Satt100 to be the marker of the E7 gene was used for typing 15 soybean cultivars. Availability of the 133, 149 and 168 bp amplification products has been established that marked recessive and dominant alleles of Е7 gene correspondingly. All varieties, except ‘Odeska 150A’, were homogeneous for the microsatellite locus Satt100. Genotypes of eight varieties has the recessive allele e7, six ones – the dominant allele E7. Availability of the certain allele of the E7 gene was compared in variety genotype with belonging to the maturity group. The association was found for varieties with vegetation period up to 100 days: all four varieties of this group had the e7 allele, for varieties with vegetation period more than 110 days: for all four varieties of this group the Satt100 locus amplification fragments that mark the dominant allele are specific. Amongsevenmiddle-agedvarieties, fourof them hadtherecessiveallelee7, threeofthem – dominantalleleЕ7. According to thepresented information, some scientistsobtainedamplificationfragments of different size, butthetendency was revealed concerning the association of the higher molecular fragments witht hedominant gene, and the lowmolecular fragments with therecessive gene. Conclusions. Based on the results of typing of 15 soybean varieties for the microsatellite marker Satt100 of E7 gene of photoperiod sensitivity, it was determined availability of recessive or dominant allele of E7 gene. For most samples, the concordance of availability of the certain allele of E7 gene and the duration of the vegetation period was established. Availability of amplification fragments of different size to be specific for recessive allele testified the needfor sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of the Satt100 locus amplification fragments. | Цель. Осуществить типирование сортов сои культурной (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) украинской и зарубежной селекции по микросателлитному маркеру Satt100 гена Е7 фотопериодической чувствительности. Методы. Выделение ДНК из ростков на колонках с сорбирующей мемб­раной; полимеразная цепная реакция; горизонтальный гель-электрофорез; определение размеров продуктов амплификации с использованием программы «GelAnalyzer 2010a». Результаты. С помощью анализа микросателлитного локуса Satt100, являющегося маркером гена Е7, проведено типирование 15 сортов сои. Установлено наличие продуктов амплификации размером 133, 149 и 168 п.н., которые маркируют рецессивный и доминантный аллели гена Е7 соответственно. Все исследуемые сорта, кроме сор­та ‘Одесская 150А’, были гомогенными по микросателлитному локусу Satt100. Генотипы восьми исследованных сор­тов имели рецессивный аллель е7, шести – доминантный аллель Е7. Сравнили наличие определенного аллеля гена Е7 в генотипе сорта с принадлежностью к группе спелости. Отмечено связь для сортов с вегетационным периодом до 100 суток: все четыре сорта этой группы имели аллель е7, и для сортов с вегетационным периодом более 110 суток: для всех четырех сортов этой группы характерны фрагменты амплификации локуса Satt100, которые маркируют доминантный аллель. Среди семи среднеранних сортов четыре имели рецессивный аллель е7, а три – доминантный Е7. Представлено информацию о получении разными учеными фрагментов амплификации неодинаковых размеров, но при этом выявлено тенденцию связи более высокомолекулярного фрагмента с доминантным геном, а низкомолекулярных – с рецессивным геном. Выводы. По результатам типирования по микросателлитному маркеру Satt100 гена Е7 фотопериодической чувствительности для 15 сортов сои определено наличие рецессивного или доминантного аллеля гена Е7. Для большинства образцов установлено соответствие наличия определенного аллеля гена Е7 и продолжительности вегетационного периода. Наличие фрагментов амплификации разного размера, характерных для рецессивного аллеля, свидетельствует о необходимости секвенирования и биоинформатичного анализа фрагментов амплификации локуса Satt100.

Мета. Провести типування сортів сої культурної (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) української та закордонної селекції за мікросателітним маркером Satt100 гена Е7 фотоперіодичної чутливості. Методи. Виділення ДНК з проростків на колонках із сорбуючою мембраною; полімеразна ланцюгова реакція; горизонтальний гель-електрофорез; визначення розмірів продуктів ампліфікації за програмою «GelAnalyzer 2010a». Результати. За допомогою аналізу мікросателітного локусу Satt100, який є маркером гена Е7, проведено типування 15 сортів сої. Встановлено наявність продуктів ампліфікації розміром 133, 149 та 168 п.н., що маркують рецесивний та домінантний алелі гена Е7 відповідно. Усі досліджені сорти, крім сорту ‘Одеська 150А’, були гомогенними за мікросателітним локусом Satt100. Генотипи восьми сортів мали рецесивний алель е7, шести – домінантний алель Е7. Порівняли наявність певного алеля гена Е7 у генотипі сорту з належністю до групи стиглості. Відмічено зв’язок для сортів з вегетаційним періодом до 100 діб: усі чотири сорти цієї групи мали алель е7 та для сортів із вегетаційним періодом понад 110 діб: для всіх чотирьох сортів цієї групи характерні фрагменти ампліфікації локусу Satt100, що маркують домінантний алель. Із семи середньо­ранніх сортів чотири мали рецесивний алель е7, а три – домінантний Е7. Наведено інформацію про отримання різними науковцями фрагментів ампліфікації неоднакових розмірів, але при цьому виявлено тенденцію щодо зв’язку більш високомолекулярних фрагментів з домінантним, а низькомолекулярних – з рецесивним алелем. Висновки. За результатами типування за мікросателітним маркером Satt100 гена Е7 фотоперіодичної чутливості для 15 сортів сої визначено наявність рецесивного або домінантного алеля гена Е7. Для більшості зразків встановлено відповідність наявності певного алеля гена Е7 та тривалості вегетаційного періоду. Наявність фрагментів ампліфікації різного розміру, характерних для рецесивного алеля, свідчить про необхідність сиквенування та біоінформатичного аналізу фрагментів ампліфікації локусу Satt100.

Purpose. To select alien genes among those identified and described in special literature that are resistant to brown rust and introgressed in Triticum aestivum L. sources, determine their origin and prospects of use in breeding practice.Results. Soft spring wheat as the basic cereal crop belongs to the group of plants cultivated in controlled conditions for a long time. During the vegetation period it can be adversely affected by pathogens, so the search for sources of resistance to them is a priority task of breeding. Brown rust is one of the most widespread and harmful diseases of wheat. It causes significant yield losses and deterioration of grain quality. The population of the pathogen Puccinia recondita is highly adaptive. High variability of the fungus virulence leads to the accumulation of pathogens which can destroy genes of wheat resistance. The most environmentally safe method to control disease is creating resistant varieties. The effectiveness of breeding for resistance to brown rust can be increased by using different Lr-genes of resistance. Now in wheat genome and its relatives more than 90 (Lr) genes of resistance to brown rust pathogen are identified and characterized for chromosomal localization and effectiveness. It was found that almost all genes of resistance to brown rust to be effective in Ukraine except Lr10 and Lr23 are alien transferred to Triticum aestivum from other species: Aegilops speltoides – genes Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, Lr51, Lr66; Aegilops tauschii – Lr1, Lr21, Lr22a, Lr32, Lr39, Lr42; Triticum timopheevii – Lr18 and Lr50; Thinopyrum elongatum – Lr19, Lr29, Lr24; Secale cereale – Lr25, Lr26 and Lr45; Aegilops umbellulata – Lr9, Lr76; Triticum spelled – Lr44, Lr65, Lr71; Triticum dicoccoides – Lr53, Lr 64; Aegilops triuncilis – Lr58, LrTr; Tr. timopheevii spp. viticulosum – LrTt1; Aegilops ventricosa – Lr37; Aegilops kotschyi – Lr54; Elymus trachycaulis – Lr55; Aegilops sharonensis – Lr56; Aegilops geniculate – Lr57; Aegi­lops peregrine – Lr59; Triticum turgidum – Lr61; Aegilops neglecta – Lr62; Triticum monococcum – Lr63.Conclusions. The use of cultivars and wildlife species of wheat relatives in crossing will allow to obtain breeding material to be inhomogenous as for resistance to brown rust pathogen. | Цель. Среди описаных в специальной литературе идентифицированных генов устойчивости к возбудителю бурой ржавчины, выделить чужеродные, интрогресированые в вид Triticum aestivum L. источники, установить их происхождение и перспективы использования в селекционной практике. Результаты. Пшеница озимая мягкая как основная зерновая культура относится к группе растений, которые очень давно выращивают в контролируемых условиях. На протяжении периода вегетации она ощущает пагубное влияние возбудители болезней, поэтому поиск источников устойчивости к ним является первоочередной задачей селекции. Бурая ржавчина – одна из самых распространенных и вредоносных болезней пшеницы. Она приводит к значительным потерям урожая и ухудшению качества зерна. Популяция возбудителя Puccinia reconditа отличается высокой адаптационной способностью. Высокая вариабельность вирулентности гриба приводит к накоплению патотипов, способных подавлять гены устойчивости пшеницы. Наиболее экологически безопасным методом контролирования заболевания является создание устойчивых сортов. Эффективность селекции на устойчивость к бурой ржавчине можно улучшить, используя различные Lr-гены устойчивости. На сегодня в геноме пшеницы и ее родственников идентифицированы и охарактеризованы по хромосомной локализации и эффективности более 90 (Lr) генов устойчивости к этому возбудителю. Выявлено, что почти все эффективные на территории Украины гены устойчивости к возбудителю бурой ржавчины, кроме Lr10 и Lr23, являются чужеродными, перенесенными в Triticum aestivum от других видов: Aegilops speltoides – гены Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, Lr51, Lr66; Aegilops tauschii – Lr1, Lr21, Lr22а, Lr32, Lr39, Lr42; Triticum timopheevii – Lr18 и Lr50; Thinopyrum elongatum – Lr19, Lr29, Lr24; Secale cereale – Lr25, Lr26 и Lr45; Aegilops umbellulata – Lr9, Lr76; Triticum speltа – Lr44, Lr65, Lr71; Triticum dicoccoides – Lr53, Lr 64; Aegilops triuncialis – Lr58, LrTr; Tr. timopheevii spp. viticulosum – LrTt1; Aegilops ventricosa – Lr37; Aegilops kotschyi – Lr54; Elymus trachycaulis – Lr55; Aegilops sharonensis – Lr56; Aegilops geniculate – Lr57; Aegilops peregrine – Lr59; Triticum turgidum – Lr61; Aegilops neglecta – Lr62; Triticum monococcum – Lr63.Выводы. Привлечение к скрещиваниям культурных и диких видов родственников пшеницы позволит получить различный по устойчивости к возбудителю бурой ржавчины селекционный материал | Мета. Серед описаних у фаховій літературі ідентифікованих генів стійкості проти збудника бурої іржі виділити чужо­рідні, інтрогресовані у вид Triticum aestivum L. джерела, встановити їх походження та перспективи використання в селекційній практиці.Результати. Пшениця озима м’яка як основна зернова культура належить до групи рослин, яких найдавніше вирощують у контрольованих умовах. Протягом періоду вегетації вона зазнає згубного впливу збудників хвороб, тому пошук джерел стійкості проти них є першочерговим завданням селекції. Бура іржа – одна з найпоширеніших і шкодочинних хвороб пшениці. Вона призводить до значних втрат урожаю та погіршення якості зерна. Популяція збудника Puccinia reconditа вирізняється неабиякою адаптивною здатністю. Висока варіабельність вірулентності гриба призводить до накопичення патотипів, здатних долати гени стійкості пшениці. Найбільш екологічно безпечним методом контролювання захворювання є створення стійких сортів. Ефективність селекції на стійкість проти бурої іржі можна покращити, використовуючи різні Lr-гени стійкості. На цей час у геному пшениці та її родичів ідентифіковано й охарактеризовано за хромосомною локалізацією та ефективністю понад 90 (Lr) генів стійкості проти цього збудника. Виявлено, що майже всі ефективні на території України гени стійкості проти збудника бурої іржі, окрім Lr10 та Lr23, є чужорідними, перенесеними в Triticum aestivum від інших видів: Aegilops speltoides – гени Lr28, Lr35, Lr36, Lr47, Lr51, Lr66; Aegilops tauschii – Lr1, Lr21, Lr22а, Lr32, Lr39, Lr42; Triticum timopheevii – Lr18 та Lr50; Thinopyrum elongatum – Lr19, Lr29, Lr24; Secale cereale – Lr25, Lr26 та Lr45; Aegilops umbellulata – Lr9, Lr76; Triticum speltа – Lr44, Lr65, Lr71; Triticum dicoccoides – Lr53, Lr64; Aegilops triuncialis – Lr58, LrTr; Tr. timopheevii spp. viticulosum – LrTt1; Aegilops ventricosa – Lr37; Aegilops kotschyi – Lr54; Elymus trachycaulis – Lr55; Aegilops sharonensis – Lr56; Aegilops geniculate – Lr57; Aegilops peregrine – Lr59; Triticum turgidum – Lr61; Aegilops neglecta – Lr62; Triticum monococcum – Lr63.Висновки. Залучення до схрещувань культурних та диких видів родичів пшениці дасть змогу отримати неоднорідний за стійкістю проти збудника бурої іржі селекційний матеріал.

Organizing measures in the scope of Ukraine are given, that provide the procedure of the state registration and their rights for fruit, berry, nuciferous species and vine. The expediency of the state registration of fruit and berry crops is grounded as a whole in Ukraine on the basis of the experience of the leading world’s countries. Powers of the State Service on Right Protection for Plant Varieties, Ukrainian Institute of Pant Variety Examination and Applicant were determined in the procedure of the registration of plant varieties and their rights for fruit, berry, nuciferous crops and vine.

Цель. Оценить потребность в семенном материале сорговых культур и обеспеченность отечественным семенами.Результаты. По результатам анализа Государственного реестра за 2002–2017 гг., наблюдается тенденция не только к увеличению количества сорговых культур в целом, но и к замещению их гибридами зарубежной селекции. Всего за период с 2002 по 2017 г. в Государственный реестр внесено 72 сорта сорго обыкновенного двухцветного, из них только 12 сортов отечественной селекции, остальные 60 представлены зарубежными селекционными учреждениями. По результатам проведенных исследований установлено, что производство базовых и добазовых семян сорго обыкновенного двухцветного в 2010 г. достигало 1,3 т, в 2016 – 42 т. За аналогичный период производство семян сорго сахарного возросло с 0,2 до 12,0 т, сорго суданского – с 4,0 до 83,0 т. В 2017 г. для обеспечения потребностей посевных площадей таких культур, как сорго суданское и сорго веничное вполне достаточно выращенных семян. В то же время потребность в семенах сорго обыкновенного двухцветного и сорго сахарного не в полной мере может быть обеспечена за счет размножения отечественных сор­тов. В 2017 г. общая потребность в семенах сорго обыкновенного двухцветного составляет 400,5 т, из которых лишь 42,0 т – отечественного производства. Остальная потребность в семенах будет обеспечена за счет импорта в страну семян зарубежной селекции, в частности выращенного и подготовленного к севу.Выводы. В Реестр сортов растений, пригодных к распространению в Украине, внесены 72 сорта сорго обыкновенного двухцветного, из них только 12 сортов отечественной селекции, то есть 17% по сравнению с 83% рекомендованных сортов сорго двухцветного зарубежной селекции. Площади, занятые в Украине под выращиванием сорго обыкновенного двухцветного, в 2005 г. составляли 22,8 тыс. га, до 2017 г. они выросли до 89,0 тыс. га, соответственно и потребность в семенах – с 102,6 до 400, 5 т. Площади, занятые под сорго сахарным, по состоянию на 2005 г. составляли всего 2,6 тыс. га, в 2017 г. – 20,0 тыс. га, что соответственно и определило повышение потребности в семенном материале с 13,0 до 99,9 т. В 2017 доля площадей, на которых выращивают оте­чественные гибриды сорго обыкновенного двухцветного, составляет 10%, гибриды сорго сахарного – 12%, что свидетельствует о крайне неудовлетворительной ситуации с распространением отечественных сортов. | Мета. Оцінити потребу в насіннєвому матеріалі соргових культур та забезпеченість вітчизняним насінням.Результати. За результатами аналізу Державного реєстру за 2002–2017 рр., спостерігається тенденція не тільки до збільшення кількості соргових культур загалом, а й до заміщення їх гібридами зарубіжної селекції. Всього за період з 2002 по 2017 р. до Державного реєстру внесено 72 сорти сорго звичайного двокольорового, з них лише 12 сортів вітчизняної селекції, решту 60 представлено зарубіжними селекційними установами. За результатами проведених досліджень визначено, що виробництво базового та добазового насіння сорго звичайного двокольорового в 2010 р. було на рівні 1,3 т, у 2016 р. – 42 т. За аналогічний період виробництво насіння сорго цукрового зросло з 0,2 до 12,0 т, сорго суданського – з 4,0 до 83,0 т. У 2017 р. для забезпечення потреб посівних площ таких культур, як сорго суданське та сорго віникове повністю достатньо вирощеного насіння. Водночас, потреба в насінні сорго звичайного двокольорового та сорго цукро­вого не повною мірою може бути забезпечена за рахунок розмноження вітчизняних сортів. У 2017 р. загальна потреба в насінні сорго звичайного двокольорового становить 400,5 т, з яких лише 42,0 т – вітчизняного виробництва. Решта потреби в насінні буде забезпечена за рахунок імпорту в країну насіння зарубіжної селекції, зокрема вирощеного та підготовленого до сівби за кордоном.Висновки. У Державному реєстрі сортів рослин, придатних до поширення в Україні, перебуває 72 сорти сорго звичайного двокольорового, з них лише 12 сортів вітчизняної селекції, тобто 17%, порівняно з 83% рекомендованих сортів сорго двокольорового іноземної селекції. Площі, зайняті в Україні під вирощуванням сорго звичайного двокольорового, в 2005 р. становили 22,8 тис. га, до 2017 р. вони зросли до 89,0 тис. га, відповідно й потреба в насінні – з 102,6 до 400,5 т. Площі, зайняті під сорго цукровим, станом на 2005 р., становили всього 2,6 тис. га, в 2017 р. – 20,0 тис. га, що відповідно й визначило підвищення потреби в насіннєвому матеріалі з 13,0 до 99,9 т. У 2017 р. частка площ, на яких вирощують вітчизняні гібриди сорго звичайного двокольорового, становить 10%, гібриди сорго цукрового – 12%, що свідчить про вкрай незадовільну ситуацію з поширенням вітчизняних сортів. | Purpose. To assess the demand for sorghum seed material and sufficiency of domestic seeds.Results. The analysis of the State register for the period of 2002–2012 showed that there was the tendency not only towards increasing quantity of sorghum crops in general but their substitution by hybrids of foreign breeding. During the period from 2002 to 2017, 72 sorghum varieties were entered on the State register in total, among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, the rest 60 was presented by foreign breeding institutions. Investigation results allowed to determine that the production of base and prebase seeds of sorghum in 2010 amounted to 1,3 t, in 2016 was 43 t. During the same period the production of sugar sorghum increased from 0,2 to 12,0 t, grass sorghum – from 4,0 to 83 t. In 2017, requirements of acreage of such crops as grass sorghum and broomcorn were completely satisfied by the amount of grown seeds. At the same time, the need for seeds of sorghum and sugar sorghum can not be covered completely at the expense of domestic varieties reproduction. In 2017, general demand for sorghum seeds was 400,5 t, among which only 42,0 t was of domestic production. The rest demand for seeds will be met at the expense of import of foreign breeding seeds into the country to be grown and prepared for sowing abroad. Conclusions. In the Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, there are 72 sorghum varieties among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, that is 17%, as compared to 83% of recommended great sorghum varieties of foreign breeding. In Ukraine, the area occupied by sorghum cultivation was 22,8 thou ha in 2005, up to 2017 it increased to 89,0 thou ha, and accordingly the demand for seeds run up from 102,6 to 400,5 t. The area occupied by the sugar sorghum in 2005 amounted to only 2,6 thou ha, in 2017 – 20,0 thou ha, that accordingly determined increase of demand for seed material from 13,0 to 99,9 t. In 2017, the part of the area where domestic hybrids of sorghum are growing was 10%, hybrids of sugar sorghum – 12%, that was indicative of very poor situation with domestic varieties dissemination.

Purpose. To assess the demand for sorghum seed material and sufficiency of domestic seeds. Results. The analysis of the State register for the period of 2002–2012 showed that there was the tendency not only towards increasing quantity of sorghum crops in general but their substitution by hybrids of foreign breeding. During the period from 2002 to 2017, 72 sorghum varieties were entered on the State register in total, among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, the rest 60 was presented by foreign breeding institutions. Investigation results allowed to determine that the production of base and prebase seeds of sorghum in 2010 amounted to 1,3 t, in 2016 was 43 t. During the same period the production of sugar sorghum increased from 0,2 to 12,0 t, grass sorghum – from 4,0 to 83 t. In 2017, requirements of acreage of such crops as grass sorghum and broomcorn were completely satisfied by the amount of grown seeds. At the same time, the need for seeds of sorghum and sugar sorghum can not be covered completely at the expense of domestic varieties reproduction. In 2017, general demand for sorghum seeds was 400,5 t, among which only 42,0 t was of domestic production. The rest demand for seeds will be met at the expense of import of foreign breeding seeds into the country to be grown and prepared for sowing abroad. Conclusions. In the Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, there are 72 sorghum varieties among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, that is 17%, as compared to 83% of recommended great sorghum varieties of foreign breeding. In Ukraine, the area occupied by sorghum cultivation was 22,8 thou ha in 2005, up to 2017 it increased to 89,0 thou ha, and accordingly the demand for seeds run up from 102,6 to 400,5 t. The area occupied by the sugar sorghum in 2005 amounted to only 2,6 thou ha, in 2017 – 20,0 thou ha, that accordingly determined increase of demand for seed material from 13,0 to 99,9 t. In 2017, the part of the area where domestic hybrids of sorghum are growing was 10%, hybrids of sugar sorghum – 12%, that was indicative of very poor situation with domestic varieties dissemination.

Purpose. To assess the demand for sorghum seed material and sufficiency of domestic seeds. Results. The analysis of the State register for the period of 2002–2012 showed that there was the tendency not only towards increasing quantity of sorghum crops in general but their substitution by hybrids of foreign breeding. During the period from 2002 to 2017, 72 sorghum varieties were entered on the State register in total, among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, the rest 60 was presented by foreign breeding institutions. Investigation results allowed to determine that the production of base and prebase seeds of sorghum in 2010 amounted to 1,3 t, in 2016 was 43 t. During the same period the production of sugar sorghum increased from 0,2 to 12,0 t, grass sorghum – from 4,0 to 83 t. In 2017, requirements of acreage of such crops as grass sorghum and broomcorn were completely satisfied by the amount of grown seeds. At the same time, the need for seeds of sorghum and sugar sorghum can not be covered completely at the expense of domestic varieties reproduction. In 2017, general demand for sorghum seeds was 400,5 t, among which only 42,0 t was of domestic production. The rest demand for seeds will be met at the expense of import of foreign breeding seeds into the country to be grown and prepared for sowing abroad. Conclusions. In the Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, there are 72 sorghum varieties among them only 12 varieties were of domestic breeding, that is 17%, as compared to 83% of recommended great sorghum varieties of foreign breeding. In Ukraine, the area occupied by sorghum cultivation was 22,8 thou ha in 2005, up to 2017 it increased to 89,0 thou ha, and accordingly the demand for seeds run up from 102,6 to 400,5 t. The area occupied by the sugar sorghum in 2005 amounted to only 2,6 thou ha, in 2017 – 20,0 thou ha, that accordingly determined increase of demand for seed material from 13,0 to 99,9 t. In 2017, the part of the area where domestic hybrids of sorghum are growing was 10%, hybrids of sugar sorghum – 12%, that was indicative of very poor situation with domestic varieties dissemination.

Purpose. To analyze the Ukrainian names of the fruit crops which varieties are undergoing scientific and technical examination. Results. Names of fruit crops form a separate terminological system based on one-word fruit plant names. Names of new introduced fruit crops usually are borrowed from the language of that country where the crop has extended and whence it has spread, or on the basis of a Latin generic name. Conclusions. The registered varieties of fruit plants in Ukraine belong to 48 crops. Formation of names of fruit crops has begun in ancient times and is continuing until now. Crop names, as a rule, consist of one word; two-word names occur as an exception, if so, an adjective should be places ahead of a noun. Names of fruit crops and the name of botanic taxa are specific, belong to different terminological systems and perform different functions.

Purpose. To analyze the Ukrainian names of the fruit crops which varieties are undergoing scientific and technical examination. Results. Names of fruit crops form a separate terminological system based on one-word fruit plant names. Names of new introduced fruit crops usually are borrowed from the language of that country where the crop has extended and whence it has spread, or on the basis of a Latin generic name. Conclusions. The registered varieties of fruit plants in Ukraine belong to 48 crops. Formation of names of fruit crops has begun in ancient times and is continuing until now. Crop names, as a rule, consist of one word; two-word names occur as an exception, if so, an adjective should be places ahead of a noun. Names of fruit crops and the name of botanic taxa are specific, belong to different terminological systems and perform different functions.

Purpose. To investigate the variability of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties depending on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1. Methods. Field study, biometric technique, comparative approach, statistical evaluation, generalization. Results. Dependence of the plant height, the diameter of the leaf rosette, the number of leaves per plant, the leaf area of plants on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1 was defined. Investigations of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties by Dutch breeding were conducted in 2016–2017 in the collection sites of the department of vegetable growing in the scientific-experimental field  “Fruit and vegetable garden” of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine dependence of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce varieties on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1, the following scheme was used for the both varieties: variant 1 – water (control); variant 2 – 0,10% solution; variant 3 – 0,25% solution; variant 4 – 0,50% solution. Plants were treated with microfertilizer three times during the vegetative period. Alterations of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties  depending on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 was studied. Conclusions. It was found that in case of three-time plant treatment with complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 at the time of harvesting, the best plant biometrics was registered in variant 3 (concentration 0,25%) for the both ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varie­ties of cutting lettuce. The height of plants of the cutting lettuce in ‘Afitsyon’ variety exceeded this figure in ‘Concord variety by 1,1–1,4 cm. The concentration of microfertilizer had no significant effect on the diameter of the leaf rosette of ‘Concord’ variety (25,1–25,9 см). The diame­ter of the leaf rosette of ‘Afitsyon’ variety was 26,0–28,7 cm. In cutting lettuce, the largest leaf area per plant was registered in ‘Afi­tsyon’ variety (3516.5 cm2/plant ) in case of plants  treatment with 0,25% solution of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 that exceeded this figure in ‘Concord’ varie­ty by 660 cm2/plant. The best plant biometrics of cutting lettuce of the studied varieties and optimal concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 (0.25% solution) was defined that is important for improving agricultural cultivation techniques.

Purpose. To investigate the variability of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties depending on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1. Methods. Field study, biometric technique, comparative approach, statistical evaluation, generalization. Results. Dependence of the plant height, the diameter of the leaf rosette, the number of leaves per plant, the leaf area of plants on the concentration of microfertilizer Avatar-1 was defined. Investigations of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties by Dutch breeding were conducted in 2016–2017 in the collection sites of the department of vegetable growing in the scientific-experimental field “Fruit and vegetable garden” of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. In order to determine dependence of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce varieties on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1, the following scheme was used for the both varieties: variant 1 – water (control); variant 2 – 0,10% solution; variant 3 – 0,25% solution; variant 4 – 0,50% solution. Plants were treated with microfertilizer three times during the vegetative period. Alterations of plant biometrics of cutting lettuce ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varieties depending on the concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 was studied. Conclusions. It was found that in case of three-time plant treatment with complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 at the time of harvesting, the best plant biometrics was registered in variant 3 (concentration 0,25%) for the both ‘Afitsyon’ and ‘Concord’ varie­ties of cutting lettuce. The height of plants of the cutting lettuce in ‘Afitsyon’ variety exceeded this figure in ‘Concord variety by 1,1–1,4 cm. The concentration of microfertilizer had no significant effect on the diameter of the leaf rosette of ‘Concord’ variety (25,1–25,9 см). The diame­ter of the leaf rosette of ‘Afitsyon’ variety was 26,0–28,7 cm. In cutting lettuce, the largest leaf area per plant was registered in ‘Afi­tsyon’ variety (3516.5 cm2/plant) in case of plants treatment with 0,25% solution of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 that exceeded this figure in ‘Concord’ varie­ty by 660 cm2/plant. The best plant biometrics of cutting lettuce of the studied varieties and optimal concentration of complex microfertilizer Avatar-1 (0.25% solution) was defined that is important for improving agricultural cultivation techniques.

Purpose. To develop a tobacco variety model with optimal inflorescence traits such as size and shape that will allow to increase seed productivity of the crop. Methods. Statistical and mathematical (correlative, regressive) ones. Results. Basic collection consisting of 282 variety samples registered in the National Genetics Center was evaluated, optimal parameters of inflorescence were defined that can provide a high seed yield. During statistical analysis, correlation matrix was developed with the purpose to highlight traits that correlate with inflorescence productivity. According to the results of correlation analysis, a strong relationship between the width and height of inflorescence (r = 0,773±0,038) was established. Somewhat weaker correlation was observed when modeling regressive relation between inflorescence height and width, where regression showed the medium relationship. Regression equation of these traits is as follows: y = 0,5585x + 8,4649. Inflorescence density (r = 0,646), height (r = 0,556) and width (r = 0,527) also had quite a high positive effect on seed productivity. The results of regression analysis pointed to the fact that there were a linear relationship between inflorescence size and seed productivity. Conclusions. Among 282 samples of basic tobacco collection, 29 varieties with high seed productivity was defined which can be used in the breeding process, and ‘Sobolchskyi 15/21’, ‘Ergo 23’, ‘C-11’, ‘Sygarnyi 99’ varieties were selected for large-scale implementation into the production of raw material of cigar type.

Purpose. To develop a tobacco variety model with optimal inflorescence traits such as size and shape that will allow to increase seed productivity of the crop. Methods. Statistical and mathematical (correlative, regressive) ones. Results. Basic collection consisting of 282 variety samples registered in the National Genetics Center was evaluated, optimal parameters of inflorescence were defined that can provide a high seed yield. During statistical analysis, correlation matrix was developed with the purpose to highlight traits that correlate with inflorescence productivity. According to the results of correlation analysis, a strong relationship between the width and height of inflorescence (r = 0,773±0,038) was established. Somewhat weaker correlation was observed when modeling regressive relation between inflorescence height and width, where regression showed the medium relationship. Regression equation of these traits is as follows: y = 0,5585x + 8,4649. Inflorescence density (r = 0,646), height (r = 0,556) and width (r = 0,527) also had quite a high positive effect on seed productivity. The results of regression analysis pointed to the fact that there were a linear relationship between inflorescence size and seed productivity. Conclusions. Among 282 samples of basic tobacco collection, 29 varieties with high seed productivity was defined which can be used in the breeding process, and ‘Sobolchskyi 15/21’, ‘Ergo 23’, ‘C-11’, ‘Sygarnyi 99’ varieties were selected for large-scale implementation into the production of raw material of cigar type.

Purpose. To determine the effect of the basic organo-mineral fertilizer on the formation and stability of grain quality of winter wheat varieties in multiple crop rotation after black fallow as a predecessor. Methods. Field experiments were based on a multifactorial scheme using split-plot method with due regard to all requirements of the field experiment procedure, analysis of variance was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. Investigation data was given concerning determination of grain quality indices in winter wheat varieties of diffe­rent ecotypes after black fallow as a predecessor depending on organo-mineral fertilizer application in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. In average for the period of investigation (2011–2015), the highest protein content in winter wheat grains was formed in no treatment variant [in such varieties as ‘Doridna’ (14.1%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.3%) and ‘Levada’ (14.2%)] and in case of organo-mineral fertilizer application [in the varieties ‘Hordovyta’ (14.0%), ‘Kalyta’ (14.0%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.7%) and ‘Levada’ (14.6%)]. The highest content of crude gluten in grains, without regard for the variant of the experiment, was found in the following varieties as ‘Dykanka’ (24.9–25.1%) and ‘Levada’ (23.7–25.4%). Conclusions. It was established that the content of protein and crude gluten in grains as well as the falling number of winter wheat was highly dependent on such factors as the variety and the year of cultivation as compared to the fertilizer background. The following varieties as ‘Hordovyta’, ‘Mulan’, Dykanka’ and ‘Levada’ were very sensitive to the application of organo-mineral fertilizer for the protein content, while ‘Hordovyta’ (2.4%), ‘Levada’ (1.7%), ‘Borvii’ (1.2%) and ‘Mulan’ (1.1%) – for the crude gluten content.

Purpose. To determine the effect of the basic organo-mineral fertilizer on the formation and stability of grain quality of winter wheat varieties in multiple crop rotation after black fallow as a predecessor. Methods. Field experiments were based on a multifactorial scheme using split-plot method with due regard to all requirements of the field experiment procedure, analysis of variance was used for statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. Investigation data was given concerning determination of grain quality indices in winter wheat varieties of diffe­rent ecotypes after black fallow as a predecessor depending on organo-mineral fertilizer application in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. In average for the period of investigation (2011–2015), the highest protein content in winter wheat grains was formed in no treatment variant [in such varieties as ‘Doridna’ (14.1%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.3%) and ‘Levada’ (14.2%)] and in case of organo-mineral fertilizer application [in the varieties ‘Hordovyta’ (14.0%), ‘Kalyta’ (14.0%), ‘Dykanka’ (14.7%) and ‘Levada’ (14.6%)]. The highest content of crude gluten in grains, without regard for the variant of the experiment, was found in the following varieties as ‘Dykanka’ (24.9–25.1%) and ‘Levada’ (23.7–25.4%). Conclusions. It was established that the content of protein and crude gluten in grains as well as the falling number of winter wheat was highly dependent on such factors as the variety and the year of cultivation as compared to the fertilizer background. The following varieties as ‘Hordovyta’, ‘Mulan’, Dykanka’ and ‘Levada’ were very sensitive to the application of organo-mineral fertilizer for the protein content, while ‘Hordovyta’ (2.4%), ‘Levada’ (1.7%), ‘Borvii’ (1.2%) and ‘Mulan’ (1.1%) – for the crude gluten content.

Purpose. To assess introduced samples of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses, select a promising parent material and create on its base high-yielding varie­ ies with economic characters. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The results of studies on introduction and breeding were given aimed to improve drought tolerance of non-traditional perennial grasses under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Based on the selected parent material, varieties were created by the use of hybridization and ecotype breeding methods and then entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, among them: intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) – ‘Hors’, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) – ‘Petrivskyi’; meadow brome (Bromus riparia Rehm.) – ‘Boian’; slender wheatgrass (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) – ‘Co­umb’. As compared with conventional, relatively drought-tolerant species of smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) – ‘Mars’, increment of dry matter content of these species in the extreme drought conditions of 2011 was increased by 1,52–3,73 t/ha. Under more sufficient moistening conditions of 2012, slender wheatgrass ‘Columb’ was at the level of the сheck variety in terms of this indicator. Other varieties exceeded it by 1.44–3.22 t/ha. The data was given including seed productivity and sowing quality indicators, after-ripening duration and economic fitness of seeds. Conclusions. The use of the recommended varieties of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses as part of grass mixtures will increase significantly the productivity of grasslands and pastures in the current context of climate change.

Purpose. To assess introduced samples of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses, select a promising parent material and create on its base high-yielding varie­ ies with economic characters. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory testing. Results. The results of studies on introduction and breeding were given aimed to improve drought tolerance of non-traditional perennial grasses under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Based on the selected parent material, varieties were created by the use of hybridization and ecotype breeding methods and then entered into the State Register of plant varieties suitable for dissemination in Ukraine, among them: intermediate wheatgrass (Elytrigia intermedia (Host) Nevski) – ‘Hors’, crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn.) – ‘Petrivskyi’; meadow brome (Bromus riparia Rehm.) – ‘Boian’; slender wheatgrass (Roegneria trachycaulon (Link) Nevski) – ‘Co­umb’. As compared with conventional, relatively drought-tolerant species of smooth brome (Bromopsis inermis (Leyss.) Holub) – ‘Mars’, increment of dry matter content of these species in the extreme drought conditions of 2011 was increased by 1,52–3,73 t/ha. Under more sufficient moistening conditions of 2012, slender wheatgrass ‘Columb’ was at the level of the сheck variety in terms of this indicator. Other varieties exceeded it by 1.44–3.22 t/ha. The data was given including seed productivity and sowing quality indicators, after-ripening duration and economic fitness of seeds. Conclusions. The use of the recommended varieties of drought-resistant species of perennial grasses as part of grass mixtures will increase significantly the productivity of grasslands and pastures in the current context of climate change.

Purpose. To select the initial breeding material with complex resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber late blight among the created potato of secondary interspecific hyb­rids. Methods. Interspecific hybridization, laboratory test, analytical approach. Results. Based on the interspecific hybridization, the initial breeding material was created and the degree of its resistance to the above pathogens was determined by way of artificial infection of tubers with the inoculum of such fungi as Fusarium sambucinum Fuck and Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary. During interspecific hybridization based on schemes of saturating and enriching crosses, using forms of various species with a high phenotypic expression of resistance to Fusarium dry rot, the result of the cumulative effect of genes that control resistance to the pathogen was observed. Crossing combinations differed significantly for the degree of population average manifestation of resistance to the diseases. Conclusions. Combinations В54, В53, В61 with a mean resistance (above 7 grades) to Fusarium dry rot have been selected. Such combinations as B52, B50 and B54 had increased resistance to tuber late blight. It was found that the combination В54 is characterized by complex resistance to both diseases. For further work, the following samples with complex resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber late blight (7 grades or more) were selected: В59с42, В59с43, В50с16, В50с19, В50с44, В51с1, В51с26, В51с28, В52с11, В52с23, В52с24, В52с29, В53с1, В53с11, В53с17 , В53с23, В54с13, В54с14.

Purpose. To select the initial breeding material with complex resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber late blight among the created potato of secondary interspecific hyb­rids. Methods. Interspecific hybridization, laboratory test, analytical approach. Results. Based on the interspecific hybridization, the initial breeding material was created and the degree of its resistance to the above pathogens was determined by way of artificial infection of tubers with the inoculum of such fungi as Fusarium sambucinum Fuck and Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) De Bary. During interspecific hybridization based on schemes of saturating and enriching crosses, using forms of various species with a high phenotypic expression of resistance to Fusarium dry rot, the result of the cumulative effect of genes that control resistance to the pathogen was observed. Crossing combinations differed significantly for the degree of population average manifestation of resistance to the diseases. Conclusions. Combinations В54, В53, В61 with a mean resistance (above 7 grades) to Fusarium dry rot have been selected. Such combinations as B52, B50 and B54 had increased resistance to tuber late blight. It was found that the combination В54 is characterized by complex resistance to both diseases. For further work, the following samples with complex resistance to Fusarium dry rot and tuber late blight (7 grades or more) were selected: В59с42, В59с43, В50с16, В50с19, В50с44, В51с1, В51с26, В51с28, В52с11, В52с23, В52с24, В52с29, В53с1, В53с11, В53с17 , В53с23, В54с13, В54с14.

Purpose. To establish the reasons of submitting not highly decorative lilac hybrids to state variety testing so that unpromising varieties and look-alikes can be sometimes included in the world collection, and focus on solving this situation. Methods. Analytical approach. Results. It was established why and how unoriginal hybrids were submitted to state variety testing that for several reasons can allow them to obtain the status of variety. Conclusions. In order to prevent obtaining the status of variety by some low decorative lilac hybrids, it is necessary that both a breeder and testing stations employer should use known presentable collections of identified varieties for evaluation of real value of a new hybrid. In Ukraine, there is such a collection at N. N. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine where more than 130 varieties and 21 species of the genus Syringa occupies the area of 2.35 ha. It is desirable to compare not only with the check variety that the breeder selected for his hybrid among such, but, if it is possible, with all varieties in the collection close to it by decorative effect. The problem is that the author of a hybrid, sometimes ignorantly or for some other reason, selects a check variety for his hybrid that is not the most decorative one among such, against which a candidate for variety status will be more attractive during its evaluation. In such a case, the breeder should change a check variety that permits to estimate really the decorative effect of a submitted hybrid.

Purpose. To establish the reasons of submitting not highly decorative lilac hybrids to state variety testing so that unpromising varieties and look-alikes can be sometimes included in the world collection, and focus on solving this situation. Methods. Analytical approach. Results. It was established why and how unoriginal hybrids were submitted to state variety testing that for several reasons can allow them to obtain the status of variety. Conclusions. In order to prevent obtaining the status of variety by some low decorative lilac hybrids, it is necessary that both a breeder and testing stations employer should use known presentable collections of identified varieties for evaluation of real value of a new hybrid. In Ukraine, there is such a collection at N. N. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine where more than 130 varieties and 21 species of the genus Syringa occupies the area of 2.35 ha. It is desirable to compare not only with the check variety that the breeder selected for his hybrid among such, but, if it is possible, with all varieties in the collection close to it by decorative effect. The problem is that the author of a hybrid, sometimes ignorantly or for some other reason, selects a check variety for his hybrid that is not the most decorative one among such, against which a candidate for variety status will be more attractive during its evaluation. In such a case, the breeder should change a check variety that permits to estimate really the decorative effect of a submitted hybrid.