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New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT 40 and simulated leaf uptake of ozone
2004
Karlsson, Pererik | Uddling, Johan | Braun, Sabine | Broadmeadow, Mark | Elvira, Susana | Gimeno, Benjamin | Le Thiec, Didier, | Oksanen, Elina | Vandermeiren, Karine | Wilkinson, Matthew | Emberson, Lisa
New critical levels for ozone effects on young trees based on AOT 40 and simulated leaf uptake of ozone
2004
Karlsson, Pererik | Uddling, Johan | Braun, Sabine | Broadmeadow, Mark | Elvira, Susana | Gimeno, Benjamin | Le Thiec, Didier | Oksanen, Elina | Vandermeiren, Karine | Wilkinson, Matthew | Emberson, Lisa | Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL) | Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences ; Göteborgs Universitet = University of Gothenburg (GU) | Institute for Applied Plant Biology ; Partenaires INRAE | Forest Research [Great Britain] | Ecotoxicidad de la Contaminacion Atmosferica ; Partenaires INRAE | Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | University of Joensuu | Sciensano [Bruxelles] ; Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP) | Stockholm Environment Institute at York (SEI-YORK) ; University of York [York, UK]
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Reactivity of secondary phases in weathered limestone using isotopic tracers (D and 18O): the case study of the 'Tribunal Administratif' of Paris
2021
Gentaz, Lucile | Saheb, Mandana | Verney-Carron, Aurélie | Sessegolo, Loryelle | Chabas, Anne | Nuns, Nicolas | Remusat, Laurent | Gonzalez-Cano, Adriana | Fourdrin, Chloé | Mertz, Jean-Didier | Verney-Carron, Aurélie | Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE ) ; Université Gustave Eiffel | Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH) ; Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | For a long time, limestone has been massively used in stone building and monuments because of its easy extraction and common presence in the landscape. On ancient monuments, mostly built in urban areas, it is exposed to urban-borne pollutants responsible for specific alteration mechanisms and weathering kinetics. Especially, the dissolution of calcite and the precipitation of new phases will affect the limestone pore network, modify the stones capillary properties, and influence the further alteration. In order to better understand these processes, an altered limestone sample from 'Tribunal Administratif' (TA) in Paris was studied. The main secondary phase was found to be syngenite, which can be explained by the location of the sample close to the soil, a potential source of K (fertilizers). This phase is more soluble than gypsum that is commonly found on altered limestone. In order to assess the reactivity of the system (limestone and new phases), oxygen and hydrogen isotopes were used to trace the transfer of water ((D2O)-O-18) and identify the location of the reactive areas (susceptible to alteration). For that, TA samples were exposed in a climatic chamber to relative humidity (RH) cycles (25% RH for 2.5 days and 85% RH for 4.5 days) for 2 months with a (D2O)-O-18 vapor to simulate alteration occurring in conditions sheltered from the rain. Results have shown that the water vapor easily circulates deep in the sample and reacts preferentially with syngenite the most reactive phase (compared with calcite and quartz). This phase could evolve in gypsum when exposed to an environment different from the one resulting in its formation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Reactivity of secondary phases in weathered limestone using isotopic tracers (D and 18O): the case study of the 'Tribunal Administratif' of Paris
2020
Gentaz, Lucile | Saheb, Mandana | Verney-Carron, Aurélie | Sessegolo, Loryelle | Chabas, Anne | Nuns, Nicolas | Remusat, Laurent | Gonzalez-Cano, Adriana | Fourdrin, Chloé | Mertz, Jean-Didier | Verney-Carron, Aurélie | Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité) | Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC) ; Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire Géomatériaux et Environnement (LGE ) ; Université Gustave Eiffel | Laboratoire de recherche des monuments historiques (LRMH) ; Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation (CRC ) ; Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
International audience | For a long time, limestone has been massively used in stone building and monuments because of its easy extraction and common presence in the landscape. On ancient monuments, mostly built in urban areas, it is exposed to urban-borne pollutants responsible for specific alteration mechanisms and weathering kinetics. Especially, the dissolution of calcite and the precipitation of new phases will affect the limestone pore network, modify the stones capillary properties, and influence the further alteration. In order to better understand these processes, an altered limestone sample from 'Tribunal Administratif' (TA) in Paris was studied. The main secondary phase was found to be syngenite, which can be explained by the location of the sample close to the soil, a potential source of K (fertilizers). This phase is more soluble than gypsum that is commonly found on altered limestone. In order to assess the reactivity of the system (limestone and new phases), oxygen and hydrogen isotopes were used to trace the transfer of water ((D2O)-O-18) and identify the location of the reactive areas (susceptible to alteration). For that, TA samples were exposed in a climatic chamber to relative humidity (RH) cycles (25% RH for 2.5 days and 85% RH for 4.5 days) for 2 months with a (D2O)-O-18 vapor to simulate alteration occurring in conditions sheltered from the rain. Results have shown that the water vapor easily circulates deep in the sample and reacts preferentially with syngenite the most reactive phase (compared with calcite and quartz). This phase could evolve in gypsum when exposed to an environment different from the one resulting in its formation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Assessment of trace metal air pollution in Paris using slurry-TXRF analysis on cemetery mosses
2016
Natali, Marco | Zanella, Augusto | Rankovic, Aleksandar | Banas, Damien | Cantaluppi, Chiara | Abbadie, Luc | Lata, Jean -Christophe | Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy (ICMATE-CNR) | Agripolis, Department TESAF ; Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations ; Sciences Po (Sciences Po) | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Department of Geoecology and Geochemistry ; Tomsk Polytechnic University [Russie] (UPT)
Mosses are useful, ubiquitous accumulation biomonitors and as such can be used for biomonitoring surveys. However, the biomonitoring of atmospheric pollution can be compromised in urban contexts if the targeted biomonitors are regularly disturbed, irregularly distributed, or are difficult to access. Here, we test the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled mosses growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. We focused on Grimmia pulvinata (Hedwig) Smith, a species abundantly found in all studied cemeteries and very common in Europe. The concentration of Al, As, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, V, P, Pb, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, and Zn was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method (slurry-TXRF). This method avoids a digestion step, reduces the risk of sample contamination, and works even at low sample quantities. Elemental markers of road traffic indicated that the highest polluted cemeteries were located near the highly frequented Parisian ring road and under the influence of prevailing winds. The sites with the lowest pollution were found not only in the peri-urban cemeteries, adjoining forest or farming landscapes, but also in the large and relatively wooded cemeteries located in the center of Paris.Our results suggest that (1) slurry-TXRF might be successfully used with moss material, (2) G. pulvinata might be a good biomonitor of trace metals air pollution in urban context, and (3) cemetery moss sampling could be a useful complement for monitoring urban areas. Graphical abstract We tested the hypothesis that cemeteries are appropriate moss sampling sites for the evaluation of air pollution in urban areas. We sampled 110 moss cushions (Grimmia pulvinata) growing on gravestones in 21 urban and peri-urban cemeteries in the Paris metropolitan area. The concentration of 20 elements in mosses was determined by a total reflection X-ray fluorescence technique coupled with a slurry sampling method. Statistical analysis revealed that: - Urbanized Parisian areas crossed by traffic roads have the highest polluted cemeteries with a strong influence of main wind direction on the distribution of air pollutants - As expected, small cemeteries with low tree density were heavily polluted - Less obvious, large green spaces such as large cemeteries (Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse) in the center of a dense metropolis like Paris present the same level of atmospheric trace metal pollution as cemeteries in less urbanized areas or nearing a very large forest.This suggests that even in densely urbanized areas, there is more spatial variability in pollution distribution than usually assumed and that large urban areas with low traffic and green filters such as trees are likely to intercept air pollutants.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Harmonization of technical rules for clean air in view of the European Internal Market
1992
Grefen, K. (Kommission Reihaltung der Luft in VDI und DIN, Duesseldorf (Germany, F.R.))
The measurement of exposure to air pollution: concepts, methods and stakes | [La mesure de l'exposition a la pollution atmospherique: concepts, methodes et interet]
1999
Brunekreef, B. (Wageningen University and Research Centre (Pays Bas). Department of Environmental Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health Group)