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Effects of soil pollutants, biogeochemistry and microbiology on the distribution and composition of enchytraeid communities in urban and suburban holm oak stands
2013
Rota, Emilia | Caruso, Tancredi | Monaci, Fabrizio | Baldantoni, Daniela | De Nicola, Flavia | Iovieno, Paola | Bargagli, Roberto
Holm oaks form typical urban woodlands in the Mediterranean region. We aimed at characterizing the enchytraeid communities in these environments and searching for possible correlations with soil parameters, including the traffic contamination. Samples of litter and topsoil were collected at different spatial scales and seasons in Naples and Siena cities and in two suburban stands. Only the co-variation between pollution and other soil chemico-physical factors showed significant effects, whereas no direct effect of soil microbiology was detected. Some thermophilous Fridericia and Achaeta tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs and their abundance was mainly determined by Ca bioavailability. Central-European mesophilous species increased significantly under more temperate environmental conditions. Different combinations of soil cohesiveness, grain size composition and moisture regime seem to select species of certain body sizes.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on growth and physiology of the dune grassland species Calamagrostis epigeios
1995
Tosserams, M. | Rozema, J. (Department of Ecology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1087, 1081 HV Amsterdam (Netherlands))
Accumulation of heavy metals in native Andean plants: potential tools for soil phytoremediation in Ancash (Peru)
2018
Chang Kee, José | Gonzales, María J. | Ponce, Olga | Ramírez, Lorena | León, Vladimir | Torres, Adelia | Corpus, Melissa | Loayza-Muro, Raúl
Metal contamination is a recurring problem in Peru, caused mainly by mine tailings from a past active mining activity. The Ancash region has the largest number of environmental liabilities, which mobilizes high levels of metals and acid drainages into soils and freshwater sources, posing a standing risk on human and environmental health. Native plant species spontaneously growing on naturally acidified soils and acid mine tailings show a unique tolerance to high metal concentrations and are thus potential candidates for soil phytoremediation. However, little is known about their propagation capacity and metal accumulation under controlled conditions. In this study, we aimed at characterizing nine native plant species, previously identified as potential hyperaccumulators, from areas impacted by mine tailings in the Ancash region. Plants were grown on mine soils under greenhouse conditions during 5 months, after which the concentration of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn was analyzed in roots, shoots, and soils. The bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were calculated to determine the amount of each metal accumulated in the roots and shoots and to identify which species could be better suited for phytoremediation purposes. Soil samples contained high Cd (6.50–49.80 mg/kg), Cu (159.50–1187.00 mg/kg), Ni (3.50–8.70 mg/kg), Pb (1707.00–4243.00 mg/kg), and Zn (909.00–7100.00 mg/kg) concentrations exceeding national environmental quality standards. After exposure to mine tailings, concentrations of metals in shoots were highest in Werneria nubigena (Cd, 16.68 mg/kg; Cu, 41.36 mg/kg; Ni, 26.85 mg/kg; Zn, 1691.03 mg/kg), Pennisetum clandestinum (Pb, 236.86 mg/kg), and Medicago lupulina (Zn, 1078.10 mg/kg). Metal concentrations in the roots were highest in Juncus bufonius (Cd, 34.34 mg/kg; Cu, 251.07 mg/kg; Ni, 6.60 mg/kg; Pb, 718.44 mg/kg) and M. lupulina (Zn, 2415.73 mg/kg). The greatest BAF was calculated for W. nubigena (Cd, 1.92; Cu, 1.20; Ni, 6.50; Zn, 3.50) and J. bufonius (Ni, 3.02; Zn, 1.30); BCF for Calamagrostis recta (Cd, 1.09; Cu, 1.80; Ni, 1.09), J. bufonius (Cd, 3.91; Cu, 1.79; Ni, 18.36), and Achyrocline alata (Ni, 137; Zn, 1.85); and TF for W. nubigena (Cd, 2.36; Cu, 1.70; Ni, 2.42; Pb, 1.17; Zn, 1.43), A. alata (Cd, 1.14; Pb, 1.94), J. bufonius (Ni, 2.72; Zn, 1.63), and P. clandestinum (Zn, 1.14). Our results suggest that these plant species have a great potential for soil phytoremediation, given their capability to accumulate and transfer metals and their tolerance to highly metal-polluted environments in the Andean region.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The growth of Calamagrostis villosa at different localities in the Moravian-Silesian Beskids Mts. [Czech Republic]
1998
Holub, P. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny) | Pande, K.
A study of growth and morphology of Athyrium distentifolium growing in different environmental conditions in the Beskydy Mts. [Czech Republic]
1998
Pande, K. (Ithaca College, New York (USA). Dept. of Biology)
A study of the effect of the growth activity of grasses on accumulation and losses of organic matter and nutrients on deforested sites [Czech Republic]
1998
Fiala, K. | Tuma, I. | Holub, P. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny)
Comparison of soil thermal regimes in a deforested area with various grass cover in the Beskids Mts. [Czech Republic]
1998
Tuma, I. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny)
The studies of grass communities, which spread in deforested areas, also involved observations of soil thermal regimes. Three sites were chosen in order to determine differences in diurnal and seasonal variations of soil temperatures: (1) open site (barren) without plant cover, (2) site covered by a young, lower and thinner stand of Avenella flexuosa, and (3) old, dense stand of Calamagrostis villosa with a layer of plant litter on the soil surface. Soil temperatures were measured at the soil surface and in the soil depth of 5 and 10 cm. In summer months, the greatest differences in maximal temperatures recorded at the soil surface and at the 5, 10 cm depth between the bare site and the old stand of C. villosa represented 21.6, 15.9, 12.4 deg C, respectively. Soil temperatures measured in the bare plot in autumn months were lower than those in grass stands.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Morphometry of Calamagrostis arundinacea populations at sites exposed to different immission loads in the Beskids Mts. [Czech Republic]
1995
Jakrlova, J. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny)
Dynamics of shoot growth in two Calamagrostis villosa stands of the Kehyne Mts. [Czech Republic]
1995
Holub, P. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny)
Distribution of aboveground biomass in a clearcut area as a response to stress factors (the Beskids Mts.) [Czech Republic]
1995
Jakrlova, J. (Akademie Ved, Brno (Czech Republic). Ustav Ekologie Krajiny)