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Charges critiques pour la vegetation.
1993
Thimonier A. | Dupouey J.L.
Elaboration of critical load maps in Switzerland
1993
Rihm, B. (Meteotest, Bern (Suisse))
Mapping critical loads in Europe in the framework of the UN/CEE
1993
Hettelingh, J.P. (Institut National pour la Sante Publique et la Protection de l'Environnement, Bilthoven (Pays Bas). Centre de Coordination pour les Effets)
Gaseous pollutants: critical level determination
1993
Bonte, J. (Centre Departemental d'Etudes et de Recherches sur l'Environnement, Lagor (France))
Critical levels and loads of atmospheric pollutants for terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. The emergence of a scientific concept. Application potentials and their limits
1993
Landmann, G. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Champenoux (France). Centre de Nancy, Microbiologie Biogeochimie et Pathologie des Ecosystemes Forestiers)
Determination of critical loads of atmospheric pollutants in natural ecosystems, particularly forests. Basic principles. The Vosges project (France)
1993
Dambrine, E. (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Champenoux (France). Centre de Nancy, Microbiologie Biogeochimie et Pathologie des Ecosystemes Forestiers) | Probst, A. | Party, J.P.
Inadequacy of stabilization ponds treatment as manifested by the effects of Khirbet es-Sumra effluent on the groundwater quality of the surrounding area
1991
Bannayan, H. (Jordan Univ., Amman (Jordan). Water Research and Study Centre)
Three wells lying downstream of the Kirbet es-Samra sewage treatment plant (KS) waste stabilization ponds, and two wells lying upstream of them were monitored. Historic results over the two past decades were used in evaluating of KS effluent on the groundwater resources of the area. Prior to 1985, the downstream wells were of high quality, but later the water started to deteriorate. An increases in all parameters was encountered, although initially, the increase in certain parameters was mild and due to overpumping of the well water. Later this increase continued at a much higher rate, although the water table in the area by some 20m with a variety of indications showing domestic wastewater pollution effects. Groundwater measurements indicated a recharge mouth in the KS area and along Wadi Dhuleil. Hence, it can be deducted that a source of inferior water quality is recharging the groundwater and causing this increase in parameters. Since no source of pollution other than KS is encountered in the area, and because the parameters in the groundwater increase towards the KS and Wadi Dhuleil, it can be deducted that the effluent from KS is polluting the groundwater and rendering it unsuitable for almost all purposes. Comparatively, the two sample wells taken upstream of KS showed a mild increase in the water quality parameters until 1981-82, due to overpumping of the well water. But due to several wet years, the water table rose and these values decreased, continuing at a constant level. Since the groundwater flow is in the direction of Wadi Dhuleil, the negative effect of KS on groundwater resources can be clearly seen. If not stopped, this continuous manipulation of the groundwater resources will further pollute the groundwater resources of the entire area
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Impact of liquid wastes on surface and groundwater resources and their elimination through proper treatment and reuse
1991
Hartmann, L. (Karlsruhe Univ., Karlsruhe (Germany). Institute for Bioengineering and Technology of Wastewater)
A short historical review shows that treatment plants have been developed only after problems have occurred. The high diversity pollutants of totally different origins and natures, and chemical and biological characteristics require different tools. A good approach is to select one basic tool and try to integrate tools for other tasks within this main tool. The main tool will be in almost every case (for municipal wastewaters) an activated sludge plant surrounded by other elements of polishing or for the elimination of nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., according to the local situation. Some tasks like elimination of pathogens or eggs of intestinal worms, are automatically performed to a high degree in connection with the task of eliminating degradable organics. Special wastewaters with certain pollutants have to be treated at the place of their origins. For wastewater of agricultural production direct or indirect recycling should be favoured. For wastewater of industrial background containing toxicants, treatment must be economically included in the production process of the main product. Besides this, there appears a multitude of organics of unknown chemical composition and environmental significance. They should be permitted for public application only after lab tests have proved their degradability and the conditions of their degradation. Finally, one should always be aware that treatment plants have to be composed according to local conditions. Depending on the amount and composition of wastes, an integration of tool has to be found that not only meets the demands stemming from the wastewaters but also can be integrated into the existing economical and ecological frame
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The potential impact of industrial wastes on water resources in Amman-Zarka basin
1991
Gedeon, R. (Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Amman (Jordan). Water Authority Laboratories)
Scarcity of water supply and increasing demand for water in a densely populated area like Amman-Zarka, as well as new threats and contaminants, have emerged, leaving the area with such diverse water quality problems as eutrophication in surface waters and nitrates in ground waters. The problem has been aggravated by increasing emissions of industrial effluents from more than 60 industries located in the catchment area of Amman-Zarqa. Thus the present work has been confined to assessing industrial wastes and their impact on water resources. Water, as part of the human environment, occurs in four main forms - as groundwater, in surface water bodies, in the sea and as vapour in the atmosphere. The present work deals with the first two only, with main objectives as follows: Assessment of man - made impacts on water quality in the area. Identification of sources of pollution and pollutant pathways and behaviour. Determination of trends of chemical constituents and organic pollutants in water resources
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Biological treatment of a synthetic gold milling effluent
1996
Granato, M. | Goncalves, M.M.M. | Villas Boas, R.C. | Sant'Anna, G.L. Jr. (Centro de Tecnologia Mineral, CETEM/CNPq, Rua 4, Quadra D, Cidade Universitaria, Ilha do Fundao, 21.949-900, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil))