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Factors affecting mercury concentrations in two oceanic cephalopods of commercial interest from the southern Caribbean
2021
Barcia, Laura Garcia | Pinzone, Marianna | Lepoint, Gilles | Pau, Cédric | Das, Krishna | Kiszka, Jeremy | FOCUS - Freshwater and OCeanic science Unit of reSearch - ULiège
peer reviewed | Mercury (Hg) concentrations have significantly increased in oceans during the last century. This element accumulates in marine fauna and can reach toxic levels. Seafood consumption is the main pathway of methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in humans. Here, we analyzed total Hg (T-Hg) concentrations in two oceanic squid species (Ommastrephes bartramii and Thysanoteuthis rhombus) of an increasing commercial interest off Martinique, French West Indies. Stable isotope ratios reveal a negative linear relationship between δ15N or δ13C in diamondback squid samples. No significant trend was observed between δ34S values and T-Hg concentrations, contrasting with the sulfate availability and sulfide abundance hypotheses. This adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting Hg methylation via sulfate-reducing bacteria is not the main mechanism driving Hg bioavailability in mesopelagic organisms. All squid samples present T-Hg levels below the maximum safe consumption limit (0.5 ppm), deeming the establishment of a commercial squid fishery in the region safe for human consumption.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Evolutionary approach for pollution study: The case of ionizing radiation
2024
Car, Clément | Quevarec, Loïc | Gilles, André | Réale, Denis | Bonzom, Jean-Marc | Laboratoire d'écologie et d'écotoxicologie des radionucléides (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN/LECO) ; Service de Radioprotection des Populations et de l’Environnement (IRSN/PSE-ENV/SERPEN) ; Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN) | Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER) ; Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM) | Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)
International audience | Estimating the consequences of environmental changes, specifically in a global change context, is essential for conservation issues. In the case of pollutants, the interest in using an evolutionary approach to investigate their consequences has been emphasized since the 2000s, but these studies remain rare compared to the characterization of direct effects on individual features. We focused on the study case of anthropogenic ionizing radiation because, despite its potential strong impact on evolution, the scarcity of evolutionary approaches to study the biological consequences of this stressor is particularly true. In this study, by investigating some particular features of the biological effects of this stressor, and by reviewing existing studies on evolution under ionizing radiation, we suggest that evolutionary approach may help provide an integrative view on the biological consequences of ionizing radiation. We focused on three topics: (i) the mutagenic properties of ionizing radiation and its disruption of evolutionary processes, (ii) exposures at different time scales, leading to an interaction between past and contemporary evolution, and (iii) the special features of contaminated areas called exclusion zones and how evolution could match field and laboratory observed effects. This approach can contribute to answering several key issues in radioecology: to explain species differences in the sensitivity to ionizing radiation, to improve our estimation of the impacts of ionizing radiation on populations, and to help identify the environmental features impacting organisms (e.g., interaction with other pollution, migration of populations, anthropogenic environmental changes). Evolutionary approach would benefit from being integrated to the ecological risk assessment process.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Ecotoxicological impact of the antihypertensive valsartan on earthworms, extracellular enzymes and soil bacterial communities
2021
Gallego, Sara | Nos, David | Montemurro, Nicola | Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan | Pérez, Sandra | Solé, Montserrat | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas = Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) | Inst Marine Sci ICM CSIC, Renewable Marine Resources Dept, Barcelona, Spain. | Univ Castilla La Mancha, Inst Environm Sci ICAM, Lab Ecotoxicol, Toledo 45071, Spain
International audience | The use of reclaimed water in agriculture represents a promising alternative to relieve pressure on freshwater supplies, especially in arid or semiarid regions facing water scarcity. However, this implies introducing micropollutants such as pharmaceutical residues into the environment. The fate and the ecotoxicological impact of valsartan, an antihypertensive drug frequently detected in wastewater effluents, were evaluated in soil-earthworm microcosms. Valsartan dissipation in the soil was concomitant with valsartan acid formation. Although both valsartan and valsartan acid accumulated in earthworms, no effect was observed on biomarkers of exposure (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase and carboxylesterase activities). The geometric mean index of soil enzyme activity increased in the soils containing earthworms, regardless of the presence of valsartan. Therefore, earthworms increased soil carboxylesterase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, beta-glucosidase, urease and protease activities. Although bacterial richness significantly decreased following valsartan exposure, this trend was enhanced in the presence of earthworms with a significant impact on both alpha and beta microbial diversity. The operational taxonomic units involved in these changes were related to four (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes) of the eight most abundant phyla. Their relative abundances significantly increased in the valsartan-treated soils containing earthworms, suggesting the presence of potential valsartan degraders. The ecotoxicological effect of valsartan on microbes was strongly altered in the earthworm-added soils, hence the importance of considering synergistic effects of different soil organisms in the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceutical active compounds. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Elasmobranchs as bioindicators of pollution in the marine environment
2022
Alves, Luís M.F. | Lemos, Marco F.L. | Cabral, Henrique | Novais, Sara | Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE) ; Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Bioindicator species are increasingly valuable in environmental pollution monitoring, and elasmobranch species include many suitable candidates for that role. By measuring contaminants and employing biomarkers of effect inrelevant elasmobranch species, scientists may gain important insights about the impacts of pollution in marine ecosystems. This review compiles biomarkers applied in elasmobranchs to assess the effect of pollutants (e.g.,metals, persistent organic pollutants, and plastics), and the environmental changes induced by anthropogenic activities (e.g., shifts in marine temperature, pH, and oxygenation). Over 30 biomarkers measured in more than12 species were examined, including biotransformation biomarkers (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A), oxidative stress-related biomarkers (e.g., superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation, catalase, and vitamins), stress proteins (e.g., heatshock protein 70), reproductive and endocrine biomarkers (e.g., vitellogenin), osmoregulation biomarkers (e.g., trimethylamine N-oxide, Na+/K+-ATPase, and plasma ions), energetic and neurotoxic biomarkers (e.g., lactatedehydrogenase, lactate, and cholinesterases), and histopathological and morphologic biomarkers (e.g., tissue lesions and gross indices).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Acetylcholinesterase activity in the terrestrial snail<em> Xeropicta derbentina</em> transplanted in apple orchards with different pesticide management strategies
2011
Mazzia, Christophe | Capowiez, Yvan | Sanchez-Hernandez, Juan C. | Köhler, Heinz-R. | Triebskorn, Rita | Rault-Léonardon, Magali | Abeilles et Environnement (AE) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU) | Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) | Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen | Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology
International audience | Apple orchards are highly manipulated crops in which large amounts of pesticides are used. Some of these pesticides lack target specificity and can cause adverse effects in non-target organisms. In order to evaluate the environmental risk of these products, the use of transplanted sentinel organisms avoids side-effects from past events and facilitate comparison of multiple sites in a short time. We released specimens of the terrestrial snail <em>Xeropicta derbentina</em> in each 5 of two kinds of apple orchards with either conventional or organic management strategies plus in a single abandoned orchard. After one month, individuals were retrieved in order to measure acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Mean values of AChE activity were significantly reduced in all conventional apple orchards compared to the others. Results show that the measurement of biomarkers such as AChE inhibition in transplated <em>X. derbentina</em> could be useful in the environmental risk assessment of post-authorized pesticides
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Neglected impacts of plant protection products on invertebrate aquatic biodiversity: a focus on eco-evolutionary processes
2024
Coutellec, Marie-agnès | Chaumot, Arnaud | Sucré, Elliott
The application of plant protection products (PPPs) may have delayed and long-term non-intentional impacts on aquatic invertebrates inhabiting agricultural landscapes. Such effects may induce population responses based on developmental and transgenerational plasticity, selection of genetic resistance, as well as increased extirpation risks associated with random genetic drift. While the current knowledge on such effects of PPPs is still scarce in non-target aquatic invertebrate species, evidences are accumulating that support the need for consideration of evolutionary components of the population response to PPPs in standard procedures of risk assessment. This mini-review, as part of a contribution to the collective scientific assessment on PPP impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services performed in the period 2020–2022, presents a brief survey of the current results published on the subject, mainly in freshwater crustaceans, and proposes some research avenues and strategies that we feel relevant to fill this gap.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories
2023
Pesce, Stephane | Mamy, Laure | Sanchez, Wilfried | Amichot, Marcel | Artigas, Joan | Mongruel, Remi | Munaron, Dominique | Aviron, Stephanie | Barthélémy, Carole | Beaudouin, Rémy | Bedos, Carole | Bérard, Annette | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Cédric | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Dtephane | Bureau‑point, Eve | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Chauvel, Bruno | Coeurdassier, Michael | Corio‑costet, Marie-france | Coutellec, Agnes | Crouzet, Olivier | Doussan, Isabelle | Faburé, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gallai, Nicola | Gonzalez, Patrice | Gouy, Véronique | Hedde, Mickael | Langlais, Alexandra | Le Bellec, Fabrice | Leboulanger, Christophe | Margoum, Christelle | Martin‑laurent, Fabrice | Morin, Soizic | Mougin, Christian | Nélieu, Sylvie | Pelosi, Celine | Rault, Magali | Sabater, Sergi | Stachowski-haberkorn, Sabine | Sucré, Alliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie
Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020–2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA’s main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of plant protection products on ecosystem functions provided by terrestrial invertebrates
2024
Bertrand, Colette | Aviron, Stéphanie | Pelosi, Céline | Fabure, Juliette | Le Perchec, Sophie | Mamy, Laure | Rault, Magali | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP) ; Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Département sciences pour l'action, les transitions, les territoires (ACT) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH) ; Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech | Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Avignon Université (AU) | OFB
International audience | Plant protection products (PPP) are extensively used to protect plants against harmful organisms, but they also have unintended effects on non-target organisms, especially terrestrial invertebrates. The impact of PPP on ecosystem functions provided by these non-target invertebrates remains, however, unclear. The objectives of this article were to review PPP impacts on the ecosystem functions provided by pollinators, predators and parasitoids, and soil organisms; and to identify the factors that aggravate or mitigate PPP effects. The literature highlights that PPP alter several ecosystem functions: provision and maintenance of biodiversity, pollination, biotic interactions and habitat completeness in terrestrial ecosystems, and organic matter and soil structure dynamics. However, there are still a few studies dealing with ecosystem functions, with sometimes contradictory results, and consequences on agricultural provisioning services remain unclear. The model organisms used to assess PPP ecotoxicological effects are still limited, and should be expanded to better cover the wide functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates. Data are lacking on PPP sublethal, transgenerational and “cocktail” effects, and on their multitrophic consequences. In empirical assessments, studies on PPP unintended effects should consider agricultural-pedoclimatic contexts because they influence the responses of non-target organisms and associated ecosystem functions to PPP. Modeling might be a promising way to account for the complex interactions among PPP mixtures, biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Natural products for biocontrol: review of their fate in the environment and impacts on biodiversity
2024
Amichot, Marcel | Bertrand, Cédric | Chauvel, Bruno | Corio-Costet, M.-F. | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Le Perchec, Sophie | Mamy, Laure | Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) ; Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UniCA) | Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE) ; Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE) ; Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Direction pour la Science Ouverte (DipSO) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Biocontrol solutions (macroorganisms, microorganisms, natural substances, semiochemicals) are presented as potential alternatives to conventional plant protection products (PPPs) because they are supposed to have lower impacts on ecosystems and human health. However, to ensure the sustainability of biocontrol solutions, it is necessary to document the unintended effects of their use. Thus, the objectives of this work were to review (1) the available biocontrol solutions and their regulation, (2) the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air) by biocontrol solutions, (3) the fate of biocontrol solutions in the environment, (4) their ecotoxicological impacts on biodiversity, and (5) the impacts of biocontrol solutions compared to those of conventional PPPs. Very few studies concern the presence of biocontrol solutions in the environment, their fate, and their impacts on biodiversity. The most important number of results were found for the organisms that have been used the longest, and most often from the angle of their interactions with other biocontrol agents. However, the use of living organisms (micro and macroorganisms) in biocontrol brings a specific dimension compared to conventional PPPs because they can survive, multiply, move and colonize other environments. The questioning of regulation stems from this specific dimension of the use of living organisms. Concerning natural substances, the few existing results indicate that while most of them have low ecotoxicity, others have a toxicity equivalent to or greater than that of the conventional PPPs. There are almost no result regarding semiochemicals. Knowledge of the unintended effects of biocontrol solutions has proved to be very incomplete. Research remains necessary to ensure their sustainability.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review
2023
Mamy, Laure | Pesce, Stéphane | Sanchez, Wilfried | Aviron, Stéphanie | Bedos, Carole | Berny, Philippe | Bertrand, Colette | Betoulle, Stéphane | Charles, Sandrine | Chaumot, Arnaud | Coeurdassier, Michael | Coutellec, Marie-Agnès | Crouzet, Olivier | Faburé, Juliette | Fritsch, Clémentine | Gonzalez, Patrice | Hedde, Mickael | Leboulanger, Christophe | Margoum, Christelle | Mougin, Christian | Munaron, Dominique | Nélieu, Sylvie | Pelosi, Céline | Rault, Magali | Sucré, Elliott | Thomas, Marielle | Tournebize, Julien | Leenhardt, Sophie | Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national Ecophyto plan
International audience | Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms, and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds), and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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