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Air pollution and forest decline in Central Europe
1995
Kandler, O. | Innes, J.L. (Botanical Institute of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 Munchen (Germany))
The impact of constituent ions of acid mist on assimilation and stomatal conductance of Norway spruce prior and post mid-winter freezing
1993
Eamus, D. | Murray, M.B. (Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, Scotland (United Kingdom))
Contents of free amino acids in needles of Norway spruce trees in relation to novel forest decline. Studies on trees from a site in northern Black Forest
1995
Richter, C.M. | Kranig, S. | Wild, A. (Institute of General Botany of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Saarstrasse 21, 55099 Mainz (Germany))
The effects of excess nitrogen deposition on young Norway spruce trees. Part II. The vegetation
1994
Wilson, E.J. | Skeffington, R.A. (National Power Research and Engineering, Windmill Hill Business Park, Whitehill Way, Swindon, Wiltshire (United Kingdom))
Photooxidant-forming monoterpenes in air plumes from kraft pulp industries
1993
Stromvall, A.M. | Petersson, G. (Department of Chemical Environmental Science, Chalmers University of technology, 412 96 Goteborg (Sweden))
Investigations on the photosynthetic system of spruce affected by forest decline and ozone fumigation in closed chambers
1993
Ruth, B. | Weisel, B. (GSF-Forschungszentrum fur Umwelt und Gesundheit, Ingolstadter Landstr. 1, W-8042 Neuherberg (Germany))
Nutrient leaching from conifer needles in relation to foliar apoplast cation exchange capacity
1992
Turner, D.P. | Broekhuizen, H.J. van (Mantech Environmental Technology, Inc., US EPA Environmental Research Laboratory, 200 S.W. 35th, Corvallis, Oregon 97333 (USA))
Characteristics of Fog and Fog Collection with Passive Collector at Mt. Oyama in Japan
2021
Wang, Yize | Ōkōchi, Hiroshi | Igawa, Manabu
Fog is formed frequently in mountain areas and is apt to cause forest decline, because fog has highly concentrated air pollutants and is readily acidified. The elucidation of the fog characteristics in the areas has been limited because successive observation is difficult in mountains. We have observed wet depositions and meteorological conditions at Mt. Oyama, located about 56 km west–southwest of Tokyo. The mountain meteorology was observed with various devices and the fog frequencies dependent on the altitude were roughly estimated from the meteorology of the base of the mountain. The precipitation amount of the throughfall at the mountain is much larger than that of rainfall, and the large deposition on the canopy is caused by not only fog but also drizzle. Fog and drizzle sample was collected by string-type passive fog collector, PFC, and the meteorological data relating to the collecting rate of PFC sample were observed. PFC samples were affected by rainwater under windy condition and the contribution of the rain to the PFC sample volume was evaluated to be about 30% in average. The sampling rate of PFC was related to the precipitation intensity of throughfall, and it became possible to estimate the air pollutants deposition on the canopy via wet deposition by the analysis of the samples of PFC as well as rain. The fog and drizzle may cause several times larger deposition of air pollutants on the canopies than the deposition via rain at high mountain forest.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Anomalous Increase in Winter Temperature and Decline in Forest Growth Associated with Severe Winter Smog in the Ulan Bator Basin
2016
Hauck, Markus | Dulamsuren, Choimaa | Leuschner, Christoph
A dramatic increase in winter (December–February) temperature by 7.2 K (1.1 K per decade) since 1950 has occurred in the Ulan Bator basin, Mongolia. This increase in temperature strongly exceeds the global average of late twentieth century warming and even exceeds warming in most of the polar regions with pronounced increases in temperature. The exceptional warming is restricted to Ulan Bator within the Mongolian forest-steppe region and to wintertime. This suggests that the observed warming could result from radiative forcing by black carbon aerosols. In winter, Ulan Bator’s air is heavily polluted by particulate matter, including black carbon, originating from the combustion of low-quality fuel at low temperature. Winter smog has strongly increased in recent decades, concomitant to the increase in winter temperature, as the result of a strong increase in the city’s population. Exponential growth of Ulan Bator’s population started in the mid-twentieth century, but since 1990, altered socioeconomic frame conditions and a warming climate have driven more than 700,000 pastoralists from rural Mongolia to Ulan Bator where people live in provisional dwellings and cause Ulan Bator’s heavy air pollution. Tree-ring analysis from larch trees growing at the edge of the Ulan Bator basin shows negative correlation of stem increment with December temperature. This result suggests that milder winters promote herbivores and, thus, reduce the tree’s productivity. The negative impact of winter warming on the larch forests adds to adverse effects of summer drought and the impact of high sulfur dioxide emissions. Winter warming putatively associated with high atmospheric concentrations of black carbon aerosols in the Ulan Bator basin is an interesting example of a case where greenhouse gas-mediated climate warming in an area where people themselves hardly contribute to global greenhouse gas emissions affects both humans and ecosystems and causes additional local climate warming.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of environmental stress on forest crown condition in Europe. Part IV: statistical analysis of relationships
2000
Klap, J.M. | Voshaar, J.H.O. | Vries, W. de | Erisman, J.W.