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Phytostabilization of semiarid soils residually contaminated with trace elements using by-products: Sustainability and risks
2011
Pérez-de-Mora, Alfredo | Madejón, Paula | Burgos, Pilar | Cabrera, Francisco | Lepp, N. W. (Nicholas W.) | Madejón, Engracia
We investigated the efficiency of various by-products (sugarbeet lime, biosolid compost and leonardite), based on single or repeated applications to field plots, on the establishment of a vegetation cover compatible with a stabilization strategy on a multi-element (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) contaminated soil 4–6 years after initial amendment applications. Results indicate that the need for re-treatment is amendment- and element-dependent; in some cases, a single application may reduce trace element concentrations in above-ground biomass and enhance the establishment of a healthy vegetation cover. Amendment performance as evaluated by % cover, biomass and number of colonizing taxa differs; however, changes in plant community composition are not necessarily amendment-specific. Although the translocation of trace elements to the plant biotic compartment is greater in re-vegetated areas, overall loss of trace elements due to soil erosion and plant uptake is usually smaller compared to that in bare soil.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Use of Amendments to Restore Ecosystem Function to Metal Mining-Impacted Sites: Tools to Evaluate Efficacy
2016
Brown, Sally L. | Chaney, Rufus L.
As in situ use of amendments for restoration of metal-contaminated mining sites becomes increasingly accepted, the expected level of ecosystem function at these sites will increase. Use of appropriate tools to measure both the level and value of that function is critical to expand use of this approach. For these sites, amendment mixtures must reduce metal availability in situ and restore ecosystem function. Combinations of mixtures, typically consisting of a material with high metal binding capacity (cyclonic ashes, municipal biosolids, or other materials rich in Fe, Al, or Mn oxides), material to adjust soil pH (sugar beet lime, cement kiln dust, dolomitic limestone), and an organic residual to provide soil structure and nutrients (composts, animal manures, municipal biosolids) have been tested in multiple lab and field trials on metal-contaminated sites. This review focuses on field tests of this approach with the goal of providing methods to quantify reduction of hazard and restoration of functional systems. Methods to evaluate success of amendments including extractions to measure changes in metal availability, microbial function and diversity, phytoavailability of metals, and earthworm and small mammal assays are discussed. In most cases, measures of metal availability and ecosystem function are related. For example, surveys of small mammals on restored sites provide information on metal availability as well as suitability of restored habitat. Additional measures of ecosystem function including soil fertility, physical properties, and diversity of habitat are described. Finally, measures of the value of this approach for restoring ecosystems are detailed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Plant uptake of radionuclides in lysimeter experiments
1998
Gerzabek, M.H. | Strebl, F. | Temmel, B. (Austrian Research Centre Seibersdorf, Division of Life Sciences, A-2444 Seibersdorf (Austria))
Persistent organic chemicals in the former Soviet Union
1999
Fedorov, L.A. (Union for Chemical Safety, 8-2-83 Profsojuznaja Str., 117292 Moscow (Russian Federation))
Influence of set-aside on the nitrate content of soil profiles
1998
Clotuche, P. | Godden, B. | Bol, V. van | Peeters, A. | Penninckx, M. (Universite Catholique de Louvain, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Prairies, Place Croix du Sud, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium))
Fluorogenic compound hydrolysis as a measure of toxicity-induced cytoplasmic viscosity and pH changes
1997
Grabowski, J. | Hsiao KeCheng | Baker, P.R. | Bornman, C.H. (Institute of Physics, Poznan University of Technology, ul. Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan (Poland))
Release of metals from homogeneous soil columns by wastewater from an agricultural industry
1998
Madrid, L. | Diaz-Barrientos, E. (Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla (CSIC), Apartado 1052, E-41080 Sevilla (Spain))
Stabilization of Sewage Sludge by Using Various By-products: Effects on Soil Properties, Biomass Production, and Bioavailability of Copper and Zinc
2014
Shaheen, S. M. | Shams, M. S. | Ibrahim, S. M. | Elbehiry, F. A. | Antoniadis, V. | Hooda, P. S.
Stabilization of sewage sludge (SS) prior to its land disposal may help control the mobility of SS-borne contaminants, particularly potentially toxic metals. We examined the effects of stabilized SS application on soil properties, biomass production, and phytoavailability of Cu and Zn to plants grown in two contrasting soils, Entisol and Aridisol. Stabilized SS mixtures were created by mixing SS in a 3-to-1 ratio with bentonite (B), sugar beet factory lime (SL), brick factory fly ash (BFA), rice straw (RS), water hyacinth (WH), and 50:50 mixture of RS and SL. Mixtures were applied at 50 Mg ha⁻¹, and Sorghum vulgare L. and Eurica sativa were grown in a pot experiment. All the amendments increased plant availability and uptake of both Cu and Zn compared to the unamended control. The application of stabilized SS increased dry plant biomass significantly and decreased DTPA-extractable elements compared to the non-stabilized SS treatment. We conclude that of the six amendments studied, especially sugar beet factory lime (SL) and bentonite (B), are promising for the stabilization of metal-contaminated biosolids and should be tested under field conditions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Residues of a Triazole Fungicide in Soil After 4 Years of Application to Sugar Beet
2009
Lucini, Luigi | Magistrati, Paloma | Molinari, Gian Pietro
An experimental study to investigate the potential soil accumulation of the triazole fungicide difenoconazole in soil was carried out in northwestern Italy. The fungicide was applied to sugar beet for 4 years with three applications per year at a rate of 75 g ha⁻¹ each, according to formulated product recommended use. Soil cores were collected each year before the first application, after each application and at harvest of the crop. The soil samples were then split into 0-10 and 10-40 cm depth layers, extracted and quantitatively analysed by gas chromatography for difenoconazole residues. The study evidenced that difenoconazole residues could be detected in the upper soil layer only, in quantities detectable after several applications (0.14 to 0.32 mg kg⁻¹ after the third application) which then become undetectable the following year. It can be concluded, therefore, that difenoconazole does not accumulate in soil.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]“In Situ” Amendments and Revegetation Reduce Trace Element Leaching in a Contaminated Soil
2007
Pérez-de-Mora, Alfredo | Burgos, Pilar | Cabrera, Francisco | Madejón, Engracia
Various amendments and/or a plant cover (Agrostis stolonifera L.) were assessed for their potential to reduce trace element leaching in a contaminated soil under semi-arid conditions. The experiment was carried out in field containers and lasted 30 months. Five treatments with amendments (leonardite (LEO), litter (LIT), municipal waste compost (MWC), biosolid compost (BC) and sugar beet lime (SL)) and a plant cover and two controls (control without amendment but with plant (CTRP) and control without amendment and without plant (CTR)) were established. Drainage volumes were measured after each precipitation event and aliquots were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and trace element concentrations (As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). Soil pH and trace element extractability (0.01 M CaCl₂) at three different depths (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) were measured at the end of the experiment. Incorporation of amendments reduced leaching of Cd, Cu and Zn between 40-70% in comparison to untreated soil. The most effective amendments were SL, BC and MWC. At the end of the experiment, extractable concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn were generally lower in all amended soils and CTRP compared to CTR. Soil pH decreased and extractability of metals increased in all treatments in relation to depth. Results showed that use of these amendments combined with healthy and sustainable plant cover might be a reliable option for “in situ” stabilization of trace elements in moderately contaminated soils.
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