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Deperissement des forets et pollution atmospherique. Bilan de cinq annees de recherches (1985-1990) dans le cadre du programme DEFORPA [deperissement des forets attribue a la pollution atmospherique].
1991
Landmann G.
Les enquetes epidemiologiques des effets de la pollution atmospherique sur la sante: discussion a propos d' un cas.
1992
Kondakis X.G. | Fragoulia A. | Tselentis V.
A survey of southern England coastal waters for the s-triazine antifouling compound Irgarol 1051.
1994
Gough M.A. | Fothergill J. | Hendrie J.D.
Institutions active in environmental science, research and technology in Italy.
1994
Facchetti S.
Protection of the environment has been of public concern for many years in Italy and many institutions here are involved in this field. However, the advantages offered by the improvement of the quality of the environment are not always considered in economic terms, even though a rigorous evaluation of the relationships between economy and environment should help us to better understand how protection of the environment is related to economic development and social benefits.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Clean water, sanitation and under-five children diarrhea incidence: Empirical evidence from the South Africa’s General Household Survey Texto completo
2021
Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola | Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi | Omotoso, Abeeb Babatunde | Ogunniyi, Adebayo | Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola | Daud, Adebola Saidat
Clean water, sanitation and under-five children diarrhea incidence: Empirical evidence from the South Africa’s General Household Survey Texto completo
2021
Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola; Olagunju, Kehinde Oluseyi; Omotoso, Abeeb Babatunde; Ogunniyi, Adebayo; Otekunrin, Olutosin Ademola; Daud, Adebola Saidat | https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9537-9743 Ogunniyi, Adebayo
PR | IFPRI3; ISI; DCA; 1 Fostering Climate-Resilient and Sustainable Food Supply; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; G Cross-cutting gender theme | DSGD
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Characterization of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factor genes in an Arctic permafrost region revealed by metagenomics Texto completo
2022
Kim, HeeSoo | Kim, Mincheol | Kim, Sanghee | Lee, Yung Mi | Shin, Seung Chul
Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) constitute a serious threat to public health, and climate change has been predicted to affect the increase in bacterial pathogens harboring ARGs and VFGs. However, studies on bacterial pathogens and their ARGs and VFGs in permafrost region have received limited attention. In this study, a metagenomic approach was applied to a comprehensive survey to detect potential ARGs, VFGs, and pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria (PARB) carrying both ARGs and VFGs in the active layer and permafrost. Overall, 70 unique ARGs against 18 antimicrobial drug classes and 599 VFGs classified as 38 virulence factors were detected in the Arctic permafrost region. Eight genes with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying ARGs were identified; most MGEs were classified as phages. In the metagenome-assembled genomes, the presence of 15 PARB was confirmed. The soil profile showed that the transcripts per million (TPM) values of ARGs and VFGs in the sub-soil horizon were significantly lower than those in the top soil horizon. Based on the TPM value of each gene, major ARGs, VFGs, and these genes in PARB from the Arctic permafrost region were identified and their distribution was confirmed. The major host bacteria for ARGs and VFGs and PARB were identified. A comparison of the percentage identity distribution of ARGs and VFGs to reference databases indicated that ARGs and VFGs in the Arctic soils differ from previously identified genes. Our results may help understand the characteristics and distribution of ARGs, VFGs, and these genes in PARB in the Arctic permafrost region. This findings suggest that the Arctic permafrost region may serve as potential reservoirs for ARGs, VFGs, and PARB. These genes could pose a new threat to human health if they are released by permafrost thawing owing to global warming and propagate to other regions.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Time-series incubations in a coastal environment illuminates the importance of early colonizers and the complexity of bacterial biofilm dynamics on marine plastics Texto completo
2022
Lemonnier, C. | Chalopin, M. | Huvet, A. | Le Roux, F. | Labreuche, Y. | Petton, B. | Maignien, L. | Paul-Pont, I. | Reveillaud, J.
Time-series incubations in a coastal environment illuminates the importance of early colonizers and the complexity of bacterial biofilm dynamics on marine plastics Texto completo
2022
Lemonnier, C. | Chalopin, M. | Huvet, A. | Le Roux, F. | Labreuche, Y. | Petton, B. | Maignien, L. | Paul-Pont, I. | Reveillaud, J.
The problematic of microplastics pollution in the marine environment is tightly linked to their colonization by a wide diversity of microorganisms, the so-called plastisphere. The composition of the plastisphere relies on a complex combination of multiple factors including the surrounding environment, the time of incubation along with the polymer type, making it difficult to understand how the biofilm evolves during the microplastic lifetime over the oceans. To better define bacterial community assembly processes on plastics, we performed a 5 months spatio-temporal survey of the plastisphere in an oyster farming area in the Bay of Brest (France). We deployed three types of plastic pellets in two positions in the foreshore and in the water column. Plastic-associated biofilm composition in all these conditions was monitored using 16 S rRNA metabarcoding and compared to free-living and attached bacterial members of seawater. We observed that bacterial families associated to plastic pellets were significantly distinct from the ones found in seawater, with a significant prevalence of filamentous Cyanobacteria on plastics. No convergence towards a unique plastisphere was detected between polymers exposed in the intertidal and subtidal area, emphasizing the central role of the surrounding environment on constantly shaping the plastisphere community diversity. However, we could define a bulk of early-colonizers of marine biofilms such as Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas or Vibrio. These early-colonizers could reach high abundances in floating microplastics collected in field-sampling studies, suggesting the plastic-associated biofilms could remain at early development stages across large oceanic scales. Our study raises the hypothesis that most members of the plastisphere, including putative pathogens, could result of opportunistic colonization processes and unlikely long-term transport.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Time-series incubations in a coastal environment illuminates the importance of early colonizers and the complexity of bacterial biofilm dynamics on marine plastics Texto completo
2022
Lemonnier, C. | Chalopin, Morgane | Huvet, Arnaud | Le Roux, Frederique | Labreuche, Yannick | Petton, Bruno | Maignien, Lois | Paul-pont, Ika | Reveillaud, J.
The problematic of microplastics pollution in the marine environment is tightly linked to their colonization by a wide diversity of microorganisms, the so-called plastisphere. The composition of the plastisphere relies on a complex combination of multiple factors including the surrounding environment, the time of incubation along with the polymer type, making it difficult to understand how the biofilm evolves during the microplastic lifetime over the oceans. To better define bacterial community assembly processes on plastics, we performed a 5 months spatio-temporal survey of the plastisphere in an oyster farming area in the Bay of Brest (France). We deployed three types of plastic pellets in two positions in the foreshore and in the water column. Plastic-associated biofilm composition in all these conditions was monitored using 16 S rRNA metabarcoding and compared to free-living and attached bacterial members of seawater. We observed that bacterial families associated to plastic pellets were significantly distinct from the ones found in seawater, with a significant prevalence of filamentous Cyanobacteria on plastics. No convergence towards a unique plastisphere was detected between polymers exposed in the intertidal and subtidal area, emphasizing the central role of the surrounding environment on constantly shaping the plastisphere community diversity. However, we could define a bulk of early-colonizers of marine biofilms such as Alteromonas, Pseudoalteromonas or Vibrio. These early-colonizers could reach high abundances in floating microplastics collected in field-sampling studies, suggesting the plastic-associated biofilms could remain at early development stages across large oceanic scales. Our study raises the hypothesis that most members of the plastisphere, including putative pathogens, could result of opportunistic colonization processes and unlikely long-term transport.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of life cycle exposure to polystyrene microplastics on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) Texto completo
2022
González-Doncel, Miguel | García-Mauriño, José Enrique | Beltrán, Eulalia María | Fernández Torija, Carlos | Andreu-Sánchez, Oscar | Pablos, María Victoria
Effects of life cycle exposure to polystyrene microplastics on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) Texto completo
2022
González-Doncel, Miguel | García-Mauriño, José Enrique | Beltrán, Eulalia María | Fernández Torija, Carlos | Andreu-Sánchez, Oscar | Pablos, María Victoria
The number of published studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MPs) in fish has increased in the last decade. However, of the available studies, few have explored the long-term effects of MPs on fish growth and reproduction and have resorted to MPs in the form of μm-sized beads/microspheres. In this study, 6-10 day-old post-hatch medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish were exposed to 50 (i.e. 1X) and 500 (i.e. 10X) μg of heterogeneously sized and irregularly shaped virgin polystyrene (PS) MP particles (200-μm range)/L for 150 days. These concentrations corresponded to respective daily mean values of 247 and 3087 particles/L administered through the diet. The PS MPs dietary exposure resulted in body burdens of 114 and 440 particles/g fish on day 50, and of 78 and 173 particles/g fish on day 100 since the respective exposures to the 1X and the 10X treatments started. The biometric analyses found no incidence of PS MPs ingestion on overall fish growth and development. The histological survey in the 10X group did not reveal alterations in gills or in the digestive tract. Mild alterations in other organs were seen and included increased fluid material in the peritoneal cavity, glomerular and tubular alterations in kidneys, and differences in the diameter of the thyroid follicles and thickness of the follicular epithelial cells. The initial days of the reproductive phase revealed MP-related differences in the number of gravid females, fecundity, and fertilization rates. Overall, these values reverted to normal rates throughout the succeeding days. No significant effects of PS MPs exposure were evidenced on offspring success. The 150-day PS MPs dietary exposure used in this study provided clues of histological effects and a reproduction delay. However, it did not seem to compromise overall growth/thriving and the ongoing reproduction.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of life cycle exposure to polystyrene microplastics on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) Texto completo
2022
Gonzalez-Doncel, M. | García-Mauriño, J. E. | María Beltrán, E. | Fernández Torija, C. | Andreu-Sánchez, Oscar | Pablos Chi, M. V.
The number of published studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MPs) in fish has increased in the last decade. However, of the available studies, few have explored the long-term effects of MPs on fish growth and reproduction and have resorted to MPs in the form of μm-sized beads/microspheres. In this study, 6-10 day-old post-hatch medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish were exposed to 50 (i.e. 1X) and 500 (i.e. 10X) μg of heterogeneously sized and irregularly shaped virgin polystyrene (PS) MP particles (200-μm range)/L for 150 days. These concentrations corresponded to respective daily mean values of 247 and 3087 particles/L administered through the diet. The PS MPs dietary exposure resulted in body burdens of 114 and 440 particles/g fish on day 50, and of 78 and 173 particles/g fish on day 100 since the respective exposures to the 1X and the 10X treatments started. The biometric analyses found no incidence of PS MPs ingestion on overall fish growth and development. The histological survey in the 10X group did not reveal alterations in gills or in the digestive tract. Mild alterations in other organs were seen and included increased fluid material in the peritoneal cavity, glomerular and tubular alterations in kidneys, and differences in the diameter of the thyroid follicles and thickness of the follicular epithelial cells. The initial days of the reproductive phase revealed MP-related differences in the number of gravid females, fecundity, and fertilization rates. Overall, these values reverted to normal rates throughout the succeeding days. No significant effects of PS MPs exposure were evidenced on offspring success. The 150-day PS MPs dietary exposure used in this study provided clues of histological effects and a reproduction delay. However, it did not seem to compromise overall growth/thriving and the ongoing reproduction.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of life cycle exposure to polystyrene microplastics on medaka fish (Oryzias latipes) Texto completo
2022
The number of published studies evaluating the effects of microplastics (MPs) in fish has increased in the last decade. However, of the available studies, few have explored the long-term effects of MPs on fish growth and reproduction and have resorted to MPs in the form of μm-sized beads/microspheres. In this study, 6-10 day-old post-hatch medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish were exposed to 50 (i.e. 1X) and 500 (i.e. 10X) μg of heterogeneously sized and irregularly shaped virgin polystyrene (PS) MP particles (200-μm range)/L for 150 days. These concentrations corresponded to respective daily mean values of 247 and 3087 particles/L administered through the diet. The PS MPs dietary exposure resulted in body burdens of 114 and 440 particles/g fish on day 50, and of 78 and 173 particles/g fish on day 100 since the respective exposures to the 1X and the 10X treatments started. The biometric analyses found no incidence of PS MPs ingestion on overall fish growth and development. The histological survey in the 10X group did not reveal alterations in gills or in the digestive tract. Mild alterations in other organs were seen and included increased fluid material in the peritoneal cavity, glomerular and tubular alterations in kidneys, and differences in the diameter of the thyroid follicles and thickness of the follicular epithelial cells. The initial days of the reproductive phase revealed MP-related differences in the number of gravid females, fecundity, and fertilization rates. Overall, these values reverted to normal rates throughout the succeeding days. No significant effects of PS MPs exposure were evidenced on offspring success. The 150-day PS MPs dietary exposure used in this study provided clues of histological effects and a reproduction delay. However, it did not seem to compromise overall growth/thriving and the ongoing reproduction.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Biodiversity buffer the impact of eutrophication on ecosystem functioning of submerged macrophytes on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Southwest China Texto completo
2022
Wang, Hao | Zhang, Xiaolin | Shan, Hang | Chaochao lv, | Ren, Wenjing | Wen, Zihao | Tian, Yuqing | Weigel, Benjamin | Ni, Leyi | Cao, Te
Increasing eutrophication poses a considerable threat to freshwater ecosystems, which are closely associated with human well-being. As important functional entities for freshwater ecosystems, submerged macrophytes have suffered rapidly decline with eutrophication. However, it is unclear whether and how submerged macrophytes maintain their ecological functions under increasing eutrophication stress and the underlying patterns in the process. In the current study, we conducted an extensive survey of submerged macrophytes in 49 lakes and reservoirs (67% of them are eutrophic) on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau of southwestern China to reveal the relationship between submerged macrophyte biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) under eutrophication stress. Results showed that submerged macrophytes species richness, functional diversity (FD), and β diversity had positive effects on ecosystem functioning, even under eutrophication. Functional diversity was a stronger predictor of community biomass than species richness and β diversity, while species richness explained higher coverage variability than FD and β diversity. This suggests that species richness was a reliable indicator when valid functional traits cannot be collected in considering specific ecological process. With increasing eutrophication in water bodies, the mechanisms underlying biodiversity-ecosystem functioning evolved from “niche complementarity” to “selection effects”, as evidenced by decreased species turnover and increased nestedness. Furthermore, the relative growth rate, specific leaf area, and ramet size in trade-off of community functional composition became smaller along eutrophication while flowering duration and shoot height became longer. This study contributes to a better understanding of positive BEF in freshwater ecosystems, despite increasing anthropogenic impacts. Protecting the environment remained the effective way to protect biodiversity and corresponding ecological functions and services. We hope focus on specific eco-functioning in future studies so as to effective formulation of management plans.
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