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Resultados 161-170 de 4,043
A dynamic design tool for CWs treating combined sewer overflow | Un outil dynamique d'aide au dimensionnement des filtres plantés pour le traitement des surverses de DO Texto completo
2016
Palfy, T.G. | Molle, Pascal | Troesch, S. | Gourdon, Rémy | Meyer, D. | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | EPUR NATURE SAS CAUMONT SUR DURANCE FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | CWs for combined sewer overflow treatment (CSO CWs) are vertical flow filters with detention basin and fixedoutflow rate. They receive stochastic loadsinduced by urban runoff and protect natural waters against pollutants and streambed erosion.However, due to the stochastic nature of flows, concentrations and periodicity, optimizing CSO CW design requires a dynamic approach.Computational tools are available but process-based models are difficult to handle [1].Moreover, the absence of user interface in design-oriented tools (e.g. RSF_Sim [2]) demands manual data handling and simulations of multiple designs. Therefore, a new tool called Orage was developed. Orage relies on a core model similar to RSF_Sim.Long-term hydraulics, COD and NH4-N were simulated with good accuracy. Filter material selection and scaling is based on inflow data series and a low number of inputs. The iterative shell calls for simulations repeatedly to (1) optimize hydraulics; (2) select the simplest material which isnecessary to satisfy emission requirements on NH4-N and (3) determine the minimalfilter area at which legislative thresholds can be met. A design is optimized if the maximum of moving average on simulated effluent concentrations (Peak_MA_cc) is at the legislative threshold (NH4N) or below (COD). Fig. 1 shows an example of the iteration process.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Filling hydraulics and nitrogen dynamics in full-scale CSO CWs | Dynamique de l'azote et hydraulique d'un filtre plantés en taille réelle pour le traitement des surverses de DO Texto completo
2016
Palfy, T.G. | Gourdon, Rémy | Meyer, D. | Troesch, S. | Olivier, L. | Molle, Pascal | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | EPUR NATURE SAS CAUMONT SUR DURANCE FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | According to French standards, constructed wetlands treating combined sewer overflow (CSO CWs) are vertical flow filters with detention basin and outflow limitation. Their purpose is to treat rapid loads of wastewater with stochastic volumes, concentrations and periodicity. The first full-scale CSO CW at Marcy l‘Etoile was monitored to provide in-depth understanding of hydraulics and nitrogen dynamics. Monitoring lasted for three years incl. online equipment. The water content in the media was visualized along the longitudinal section of the filter to follow hydraulics in the fill stage. Tracer tests showed shortcutting at this stage weakening as the filter saturated which tallied with peaks of NH4-N concentrations diminishing at the outflow side. Adverse shortcutting effects can be diminished by minimizing fill time of the media. As for nitrogen dynamics, adsorption capacities showed no difference in the two filter sides, one with a sand-zeolite mixture and the other with pozzolana. An equation was fitted to temperature and adsorbed NH4-N mass measurements to calculate inter-event nitrification. The rate was found to double with every 5.7 °C. The results helped to calibrate the design-support software Orage. Finally, the washout dynamics of NO3-N were analysed to consider the possibility of a second filter stage for denitrification.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Improvement of ammonium removal in one-stage French vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW) using different filtration media | Amélioration du traitement de l'ammonium sur un étage de filtre planté avec différent matériaux Texto completo
2016
Ruiz, Hubert | Paing, J. | Molle, Pascal | Chazarenc, Florent | JEAN VOISIN COMPANY BEAUMONT LA RONCE FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | The scope of this study is to research the removal of NH4 +-N from domestic wastewater using different porous and reactive materials by 1) increasing biological activity and 2) adsorption process. Experimental setup consisted of pilot scale VFCW (2.3 m2), which were put in operation in August 2014 receiving real raw domestic wastewater near a vertical flow wastewater treatment plant in the central region of France (L‘Encloitre, 37360). Two types of filtration media were tested 1) Leca® (L30M) and 2) natural zeolite (Z10M). Pilots were fed under regular feeding/resting periods (3´/7 days) and the nominal loading rate was of 300 g COD m-2 d-1 and 33 g.N.m2.d-1 in the operating filter. Results show a good treatment efficiency of domestic wastewater by the two French-Vertical Flow constructed Wetland (VFCWs) with more than 94% and 85% removal rate for TSS and COD for both filters respectively. Results also showed an increase of the NH4 +-N with the use of natural zeolite. The overall removal of more than 80% observed for Z10M seems to be linked to the effect of the ion exchange and adsorption properties of zeolite.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Which plants to use in French vertical flow constructed wetland under tropical climate? | Quelles plantes dans les filtres plantés de végétaux en milieu tropical ? Texto completo
2016
Lombard Latune, R. | Laporte Daube, O. | Fina, N. | Peyrat, S. | Pelus, L. | Molle, Pascal | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | ETIAGE GUYANE FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | COTRAM ASSAINISSEMENT LAMENTIN FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | SEV COMBANI MYT ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Office de l'Eau Martinique
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED | International audience | Plants are essential in Constructed Wetland (CW) functioning. When implementing systems in tropical area, Phragmites autralis cannot be always selected because of its invasive characteristics. In Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW) fed with raw wastewater, the main role of plant is their mechanical action that avoids clogging of the deposit organic matter. If alternative species have already been used in some tropical climate studies, it is generally not for such systems and without trying to do a real screening of numerous alternatives species. This paper presents a methodology to select species among a hundred studied, as well as promising plants that have been tested in batch and in full scale. Species from Zingiberales order showed strong adaptation to the main stresses generated by VFCW. They have long vegetative cycle that may require weed growth control after plantation but low harvesting frequency. Root system with long rhizomes like Heliconia psittacorum should have priority to ensure homogeneous growth and avoid clumps. To limit phytosanitary risk with Musaceæ (Banana tree) Canna indica or Canna glauca must be preferred. Species from the Cyperus genus demonstrate good adaptation too and might be interesting, especially when a high stems density is required (planted sludge drying bed).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Chlordecone disappearance in tissues of growing goats after a one month decontamination period-effect of body fatness on chlordecone retention Texto completo
2016
Lastel, Marie-Laure | Lerch, Sylvain | Fournier, Agnès | Jurjanz, Stéfan | Mahieu, Maurice | Archimède, Harry | Feidt, Cyril | Rychen, Guido | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie (ADEME) | Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | ANR-16-CE21-0008,INSSICCA,Stratégies innovantes pour sécuriser les systèmes d'élevage dans les zones contaminées par la chlordécone. Une approche modèle développée dans les Antilles et applicable dans les zones contaminées à l'échelle mondiale(2016)
Chlordecone disappearance in tissues of growing goats after a one month decontamination period-effect of body fatness on chlordecone retention Texto completo
2016
Lastel, Marie-Laure | Lerch, Sylvain | Fournier, Agnès | Jurjanz, Stéfan | Mahieu, Maurice | Archimède, Harry | Feidt, Cyril | Rychen, Guido | Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie (ADEME) | Unité de Recherches Zootechniques (URZ) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | ANR-16-CE21-0008,INSSICCA,Stratégies innovantes pour sécuriser les systèmes d'élevage dans les zones contaminées par la chlordécone. Une approche modèle développée dans les Antilles et applicable dans les zones contaminées à l'échelle mondiale(2016)
International audience | Chlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide whose extended use led to the contamination of at least 20 % of agricultural soils from the French West Indies. Livestock reared on polluted areas are involuntary contaminated by CLD and their level of contamination may exceed the threshold values set by the European Union. Thus, characterizing the CLD behaviour in farm animals appear as a real issue in terms of food safety for local populations. The aim of this experiment was (i) to characterize the CLD disappearance in various tissues after exposure cessation and (ii) to evaluate the potential effect of body fatness on this process. Two groups of eight growing goats were submitted to either a basal diet or a high energy diet for 50 days before being intravenously contaminated with 1 mg CLD kg(-1) body weight. Two days after CLD contamination, half of the kids of each experimental group were slaughtered in order to determine pollutant levels in the serum, liver, adipose tissues, and empty carcass. The remaining animals were submitted to a 30-day decontamination period before slaughtering and measurements as described above. The implemented nutritional plan resulted in both groups of kids with significant differences in terms of body fatness. CLD was mainly concentrated in the liver of animals as described in the literature. It was found also in kids' empty carcass and adipose tissues; however its levels in the empty carcass (muscles and bones) were unexpected since they were higher than in fat. These results indicate that the lipophilic pollutant CLD is found mainly in liver but also in muscles and fat. Concerning the animals' depuration, a 30-d decontamination period was sufficient to observe a decrease of CLD levels by more than 75 % in both experimental groups and neither CLD concentrations nor CLD amounts were significantly affected by kids' body fatness.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Chlordecone disappearance in tissues of growing goats after a one month decontamination period—effect of body fatness on chlordecone retention Texto completo
2016
Lastel, Marie-Laure | Lerch, Sylvain | Fournier, Agnès | Jurjanz, Stefan | Mahieu, Maurice | Archimède, Harry | Feidt, Cyril | Rychen, Guido
Chlordecone (CLD) is an organochlorine pesticide whose extended use led to the contamination of at least 20 % of agricultural soils from the French West Indies. Livestock reared on polluted areas are involuntary contaminated by CLD and their level of contamination may exceed the threshold values set by the European Union. Thus, characterizing the CLD behaviour in farm animals appear as a real issue in terms of food safety for local populations. The aim of this experiment was (i) to characterize the CLD disappearance in various tissues after exposure cessation and (ii) to evaluate the potential effect of body fatness on this process. Two groups of eight growing goats were submitted to either a basal diet or a high energy diet for 50 days before being intravenously contaminated with 1 mg CLD kg⁻¹ body weight. Two days after CLD contamination, half of the kids of each experimental group were slaughtered in order to determine pollutant levels in the serum, liver, adipose tissues, and empty carcass. The remaining animals were submitted to a 30-day decontamination period before slaughtering and measurements as described above. The implemented nutritional plan resulted in both groups of kids with significant differences in terms of body fatness. CLD was mainly concentrated in the liver of animals as described in the literature. It was found also in kids’ empty carcass and adipose tissues; however its levels in the empty carcass (muscles and bones) were unexpected since they were higher than in fat. These results indicate that the lipophilic pollutant CLD is found mainly in liver but also in muscles and fat. Concerning the animals’ depuration, a 30-d decontamination period was sufficient to observe a decrease of CLD levels by more than 75 % in both experimental groups and neither CLD concentrations nor CLD amounts were significantly affected by kids’ body fatness.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Use of RSM modeling for optimizing decolorization of simulated textile wastewater by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZM130 capable of simultaneous removal of reactive dyes and hexavalent chromium Texto completo
2016
Maqbool, Zahid | Hussain, Sabir | Ahmad, Tanvir | Nadeem, Habibullah | Imran, Muhammad | Khalid, Azeem | Abid, Muhammad | Martin-Laurent, Fabrice | Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering ; University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC) ; University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC) | University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD) | Government College University [Lahore] (GCU) | Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology ; Partenaires INRAE | Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture | Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University = PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (AAUR) | Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) | Agroécologie [Dijon] ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement | Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan; Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
International audience | Remediation of colored wastewater loaded with dyes and metal ions is a matter of interest nowadays. In this study, 220 bacteria isolated from textile wastewater were tested for their potential to decolorize each of the four reactive dyes (reactive red-120, reactive black-5, reactive yellow-2, and reactive orange-16) in the presence of a mixture of four different heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd) commonly found in textile effluents. Among the tested bacteria, the isolate ZM130 was found to be the most efficient in decolorizing reactive dyes in the presence of the mixture of heavy metals and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ZM130 by 16S rRNA gene analysis. The strain ZM130 was highly effective in simultaneously removing hexavalent chromium (25 mg L-1) and the azo dyes (100 mg L-1) from the simulated wastewater even in the presence of other three heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cd). Simultaneous removal of chromium and azo dyes ranged as 76.6-98.7 % and 51.9-91.1 %, respectively, after 180 h incubation. On the basis of quadratic polynomial equation and response surfaces given by the response surface methodology (RSM), optimal salt content, pH, carbon co-substrate content, and level of multi-metal mixtures for decolorization of reactive red-120 in a simulated textile wastewater by the strain ZM130 were predicted to be 19.8, 7.8, and 6.33 g L-1 and a multi-metal mixture (Cr 13.10 mg L-1, Pb 26.21 mg L-1, Cd 13.10 mg L-1, Zn 26.21 mg L-1), respectively. Moreover, the strain ZM130 also exhibited laccase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase (NADH-DCIP reductase) activity during the decolorization of reactive red-120. However, the laccase activity was found to be maximum in the presence of 300 mg L-1 of the dye as compared to other concentrations. Hence, the isolation of this strain might serve as a potential bio-resource required for developing the strategies aiming at bioremediation of the wastewater contaminated with dyes and heavy metals.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The impact of long-term hydrocarbon exposure on the structure, activity, and biogeochemical functioning of microbial mats Texto completo
2016
Aubé, Johanne | Senin, Pavel | Pringault, Olivier | Bonin, Patricia | Deflandre, Bruno | Bouchez, Olivier | Bru, Noëlle | Biritxinaga-Etchart, Edurne | Klopp, Christophe | Guyoneaud, Remy | Goñi, Marisol | Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) | Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym) ; Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP) ; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (ancêtre de MIAT) (UBIA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM) ; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | French National Research Agency (ANR FUNHYMAT) [ANR11 BSV7 014 01]
The impact of long-term hydrocarbon exposure on the structure, activity, and biogeochemical functioning of microbial mats Texto completo
2016
Aubé, Johanne | Senin, Pavel | Pringault, Olivier | Bonin, Patricia | Deflandre, Bruno | Bouchez, Olivier | Bru, Noëlle | Biritxinaga-Etchart, Edurne | Klopp, Christophe | Guyoneaud, Remy | Goñi, Marisol | Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) | Ecologie des systèmes marins côtiers (Ecosym) ; Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC) ; École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT) ; Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT) | Laboratoire de Mathématiques et de leurs Applications [Pau] (LMAP) ; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Unité de Biométrie et Intelligence Artificielle (ancêtre de MIAT) (UBIA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) | Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM) ; Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | French National Research Agency (ANR FUNHYMAT) [ANR11 BSV7 014 01]
International audience | Photosynthetic microbial mats are metabolically structured systems driven by solar light. They are ubiquitous and can grow in hydrocarbon-polluted sites. Our aim is to determine the impact of chronic hydrocarbon contamination on the structure, activity, and functioning of a microbial mat. We compared it to an uncontaminated mat harboring similar geochemical characteristics. The mats were sampled in spring and fall for 2 years. Seasonal variations were observed for the reference mat: sulfur cycle-related bacteria dominated spring samples, while Cyanobacteria dominated in autumn. The contaminated mat showed minor seasonal variation; a progressive increase of Cyanobacteria was noticed, indicating a perturbation of the classical seasonal behavior. Hydrocarbon content was the main factor explaining the differences in the microbial community structure; however, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were among rare or transient Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in the contaminated mat. We suggest that in long-term contaminated systems, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria cannot be considered a sentinel of contamination
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]The impact of long-term hydrocarbon exposure on the structure, activity, and biogeochemical functioning of microbial mats Texto completo
2016
Aubé, Johanne | Senin, Pavel | Pringault, Olivier | Bonin, Patricia | Deflandre, Bruno | Bouchez, Olivier | Bru, Noëlle | Biritxinaga-Etchart, Edurne | Klopp, Christophe | Guyoneaud, Rémy | Goñi-Urriza, Marisol
Photosynthetic microbial mats are metabolically structured systems driven by solar light. They are ubiquitous and can grow in hydrocarbon-polluted sites. Our aim is to determine the impact of chronic hydrocarbon contamination on the structure, activity, and functioning of a microbial mat. We compared it to an uncontaminated mat harboring similar geochemical characteristics. The mats were sampled in spring and fall for 2years. Seasonal variations were observed for the reference mat: sulfur cycle-related bacteria dominated spring samples, while Cyanobacteria dominated in autumn. The contaminated mat showed minor seasonal variation; a progressive increase of Cyanobacteria was noticed, indicating a perturbation of the classical seasonal behavior. Hydrocarbon content was the main factor explaining the differences in the microbial community structure; however, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were among rare or transient Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in the contaminated mat. We suggest that in long-term contaminated systems, hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria cannot be considered a sentinel of contamination.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Sublethal effects of epoxiconazole on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica Texto completo
2016
Pelosi, Céline | Lebrun, Maxime | Beaumelle, Léa | Cheviron, Nathalie | Delarue, Ghislaine | Nelieu, Sylvie | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech
Avec nos remerciements à Jodie Thénard, Virginie Grondin, Jean-Pierre Pétraud, Amélie Trouvé, Christelle Marrauld et Françoise Poiroux | Earthworms play a key role in agroecosystem soil processes. This study aims to assess the effects of different doses of a commercial formulation of epoxiconazole (Opus®), a persistent and widely used fungicide, on the earthworm Aporrectodea icterica. A laboratory study was conducted in a natural soil in order to measure effects of Opus® on earthworm mortality, uptake, weight gain, enzymatic activities (catalase and glutathione-S-transferase), and energy resources (lipids and glycogens). The estimated LC50 was 45.5 mg kg−1, or 268 times the recommended dose. Weight gains were 28, 19, and 13 % of the initial weight after 28 days of exposure in the control and D1 and D10 (1 and 10 times the recommended dose) treatments, respectively. No difference was observed for catalase activity between the three treatments, at 7, 14, or 28 days. The glutathion-S-transferase (GST) activity was two times as high in D1 as in D0 at 14 days. At 28 days, glycogen concentration was lower in D10 than in the D1 treatment. This study highlighted moderate sublethal effects of the commercial formulation Opus® for earthworms. Considering that these effects were observed on a species found in cultivated fields, even at recommended rates, much more attention should be paid to this pesticide.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Modeling the temporal variability of zinc concentrations in zinc roof runoff—experimental study and uncertainty analysis Texto completo
2016
Sage, Jérémie | El Oreibi, E. | Saad, M. | Gromaire, Marie-Christine | Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Systèmes Urbains (LEESU) ; AgroParisTech-École nationale des ponts et chaussées (ENPC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
International audience | Jérémie Sage, Elissar El Oreibi, Mohamed Saad, Marie-Christine Gromaire (2016). Modelling the temporal variability of zinc concentrations in zinc roof runoff – Experimental study and uncertainty analysis, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, pp. 1-15. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx. ABSTRACT This study investigates the temporal variability of zinc concentrations from zinc roof runoff. The influence of rainfall characteristics and dry period duration is evaluated by combining laboratory experiment on small zinc sheets and in-situ measurements under real weather conditions from a 1.6 m² zinc panel. A reformulation of a commonly used conceptual runoff quality model is introduced and its ability to simulate the evolution of zinc concentrations is evaluated. A systematic and sharp decrease from initially high to relatively low and stable zinc concentrations after 0.5 to 2 millimetres of rainfall is observed for both experiments, suggesting that highly soluble corrosion products are removed at early stages of runoff. A moderate dependence between antecedent dry period duration and the magnitude of zinc concentrations at the beginning of a rain event is evidenced. Contrariwise, results indicate that concentrations are not significantly influenced by rainfall intensities. Simulated rainfall experiment nonetheless suggests that a slight effect of rainfall intensities may be expected after the initial decrease of concentrations. Finally, this study shows that relatively simple conceptual runoff quality models may be adopted to simulate the variability of zinc concentrations during a rain event and from a rain event to another.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Silicon alleviates Cd stress of wheat seedlings (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Claudio) grown in hydroponics Texto completo
2016
Rizwan, M. | Meunier, Jean-Dominique | Davidian, J. -C. | Pokrovsky, O. S. | Bovet, N. | Keller, Catherine | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Environmental Sciences [Faisalabad] ; Government College University of Faisalabad (GCUF) | Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Tomsk State University [Tomsk] | NanoGeoScience ; University of Copenhagenn
Silicon alleviates Cd stress of wheat seedlings (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Claudio) grown in hydroponics Texto completo
2016
Rizwan, M. | Meunier, Jean-Dominique | Davidian, J. -C. | Pokrovsky, O. S. | Bovet, N. | Keller, Catherine | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Department of Environmental Sciences [Faisalabad] ; Government College University of Faisalabad (GCUF) | Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (BPMP) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Tomsk State University [Tomsk] | NanoGeoScience ; University of Copenhagenn
International audience | We investigated the potential role of silicon in improving tolerance and decreasing cadmium (Cd) toxicity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum) either through a reduced Cd uptake or exclusion/sequestration in non-metabolic tissues. For this, plants were grown in hydroponic conditions for 10 days either in presence or absence of 1 mM Si and for 11 additional days in various Cd concentrations (0, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 mu M). After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters as well as elemental concentrations were recorded. Cadmium caused reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and mineral nutrient concentrations both in shoots and roots. Shoot and root contents of malate, citrate and aconitate increased, while contents of phosphate, nitrate and sulphate decreased with increasing Cd concentrations in plants. Addition of Si to the nutrient solution mitigated these adverse effects: Cd concentration in shoots decreased while concentration of Cd adsorbed at the root cell apoplasmic level increased together with Zn uptake by roots. Overall, total Cd uptake decreased in presence of Si. There was no co-localisation of Cd and Si either at the shoot or at the root levels. No Cd was detected in leaf phytoliths. In roots, Cd was mainly detected in the cortical parenchyma and Si at the endodermis level, while analysis of the outer thin root surface of the plants grown in the 50 mu M Cd + 1 mM Si treatment highlighted non-homogeneous Cd and Si enrichments. These data strongly suggest the existence of a root localised protection mechanism consisting in armoring the root surface by Si- and Cd-bearing compounds and in limiting root-shoot translocation.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Silicon alleviates Cd stress of wheat seedlings (Triticum turgidum L. cv. Claudio) grown in hydroponics Texto completo
2016
Rizwan, M. | Meunier, J.-D. | Davidian, J.-C. | Pokrovsky, O. S. | Bovet, N. | Keller, C.
We investigated the potential role of silicon in improving tolerance and decreasing cadmium (Cd) toxicity in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum) either through a reduced Cd uptake or exclusion/sequestration in non-metabolic tissues. For this, plants were grown in hydroponic conditions for 10 days either in presence or absence of 1 mM Si and for 11 additional days in various Cd concentrations (0, 0.5, 5.0 and 50 μM). After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters as well as elemental concentrations were recorded. Cadmium caused reduction in growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments and mineral nutrient concentrations both in shoots and roots. Shoot and root contents of malate, citrate and aconitate increased, while contents of phosphate, nitrate and sulphate decreased with increasing Cd concentrations in plants. Addition of Si to the nutrient solution mitigated these adverse effects: Cd concentration in shoots decreased while concentration of Cd adsorbed at the root cell apoplasmic level increased together with Zn uptake by roots. Overall, total Cd uptake decreased in presence of Si. There was no co-localisation of Cd and Si either at the shoot or at the root levels. No Cd was detected in leaf phytoliths. In roots, Cd was mainly detected in the cortical parenchyma and Si at the endodermis level, while analysis of the outer thin root surface of the plants grown in the 50 μM Cd + 1 mM Si treatment highlighted non-homogeneous Cd and Si enrichments. These data strongly suggest the existence of a root localised protection mechanism consisting in armoring the root surface by Si- and Cd-bearing compounds and in limiting root–shoot translocation.
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