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Resultados 1771-1780 de 62,508
Imperial Valley leads the field in pesticide education, regulation, disposal [California].
1977
Finnell C.M.
Sludge problems in some countries other than the United States [Land application, U.K., Scandinavia, France, Germany and Holland; United Kingdom; Netherlands; Germany, Federal Republic of].
1980
Jenkins S.H.
Geothermal development: water-quality serendipity in the Imperial Valley [California].
1977
Rex R.W.
How to develop rational standards for ocean-discharge of metals [Waste disposal, water pollution].
1976
Bascom W.
Explore the health-related limits of wastewater treatment and reuse.
1976
Gannon T.J.
Impacts of climate and management on water balance and nitrogen leaching from montane grassland soils of S-Germany Texto completo
2017
Jin Fu | Gasche, Rainer | Na Wang | Haiyan Lu | Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus | Kiese, Ralf
Impacts of climate and management on water balance and nitrogen leaching from montane grassland soils of S-Germany Texto completo
2017
Jin Fu | Gasche, Rainer | Na Wang | Haiyan Lu | Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus | Kiese, Ralf
Impacts of climate and management on water balance and nitrogen leaching from montane grassland soils of S-Germany Texto completo
2017
Fu, Jin | Gasche, R. | Wang, Na | Lü, Haiyan | Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus | Kiese, Ralf
In this study water balance components as well as nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon leaching were quantified by means of large weighable grassland lysimeters at three sites (860, 770 and 600 m a.s.l.) for both intensive and extensive management. Our results show that at E600, the site with highest air temperature (8.6 °C) and lowest precipitation (981.9 mm), evapotranspiration losses were 100.7 mm higher as at the site (E860) with lowest mean annual air temperature (6.5 °C) and highest precipitation (1359.3 mm). Seepage water formation was substantially lower at E600 (−440.9 mm) as compared to E860. Compared to climate, impacts of management on water balance components were negligible. However, intensive management significantly increased total nitrogen leaching rates across sites as compared to extensive management from 2.6 kg N ha−1 year−1 (range: 0.5–6.0 kg N ha−1 year−1) to 4.8 kg N ha−1 year−1 (range: 0.9–12.9 kg N ha−1 year−1). N leaching losses were dominated by nitrate (64.7%) and less by ammonium (14.6%) and DON (20.7%). The low rates of N leaching (0.8–6.9% of total applied N) suggest a highly efficient nitrogen uptake by plants as measured by plant total N content at harvest. Moreover, plant uptake was often exceeding slurry application rates, suggesting further supply of N due to soil organic matter decomposition. The low risk of nitrate losses via leaching and surface runoff of cut grassland on non-sandy soils with vigorous grass growth may call for a careful site and region specific re-evaluation of fixed limits of N fertilization rates as defined by e.g. the German Fertilizer Ordinance following requirements set by the European Water Framework and Nitrates Directive.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Soil and river contamination patterns of chlordecone in a tropical volcanic catchment in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe) Texto completo
2016
Crabit A. | Cattan P. | Colin F. | Voltz M.
Soil and river contamination patterns of chlordecone in a tropical volcanic catchment in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe) Texto completo
2016
Crabit A. | Cattan P. | Colin F. | Voltz M.
The aim of this study was to identify primary flow paths involved in the chlordecone (CLD) river contamination and quantify the CLD fluxes to assess CLD pollution levels and duration according to a typical catchment of the banana cropping area in the French Indies (Guadeloupe): the Pérou Catchment (12 km2) characterized by heavy rainfall (5686 mm year?1). Three sub-catchments (SC1, SC2 and SC3) were studied during the hydrological year 2009–2010: a pedological survey combined with a spatialized hydrochemical approach was conducted. The average soil concentration is higher in the Pérou Catchment (3400 ?g kg?1) than in the entire banana cropping area in Guadeloupe (2100 ?g kg?1). The results showed that CLD stocks in soils vary largely among soil types and farming systems: the weakest stocks are located upstream in SC1 (5 kg ha?1), where a majority of the area is non-cultivated; medium stocks are located in Nitisols downstream in SC3 (9 kg ha?1); and the greatest stocks are observed in SC2 on Andosols (12 kg ha?1) characterized by large farms. The annual water balance and the hydro-chemical analysis revealed that the three sub-catchments exhibited different behaviors. Pérou River contamination was high during low flows, which highlighted that contamination primarily originated from groundwater contributions. The results showed that only a small part of the catchment (SC2), contributing little to the water flow, comprises a major CLD contribution, which is in agreement with the highly contaminated andosol soils observed there. Another significant result considers that at least 50 years would be required to export the totality of the actual CLD soil stocks retained in the topsoil layer. The actual time for soil remediation will however be much longer considering (i) the necessary time for the chlordecone to percolate and be stored in the shallow aquifers and (ii) its travel time to reach the river. (Résumé d'auteur)
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Soil and river contamination patterns of chlordecone in a tropical volcanic catchment in the French West Indies (Guadeloupe) Texto completo
2016
Crabit, Armand | Cattan, Philippe | Colin, François | Voltz, Marc | Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro) | Fonctionnement écologique et gestion durable des agrosystèmes bananiers et ananas (UR GECO) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
The aim of this study was to identify primary flow paths involved in the chlordecone (CLD) river contamination and quantify the CLD fluxes to assess CLD pollution levels and duration according to a typical catchment of the banana cropping area in the French Indies (Guadeloupe): the Perou Catchment (12 km(2)) characterized by heavy rainfall (5686 mm year(-1)). Three sub-catchments (SC1, SC2 and SC3) were studied during the hydrological year 2009-2010: a pedological survey combined with a spatialized hydrochemical approach was conducted. The average soil concentration is higher in the Perou Catchment (3400 mu g kg(-1)) than in the entire banana cropping area in Guadeloupe (2100 mu g kg(-1)). The results showed that CLD stocks in soils vary largely among soil types and farming systems: the weakest stocks are located upstream in SC1 (5 kg ha(-1)), where a majority of the area is non-cultivated; medium stocks are located in Nitisols downstream in SC3 (9 kg ha(-1)); and the greatest stocks are observed in SC2 on Andosols (12 kg ha(-1)) characterized by large farms. The annual water balance and the hydro-chemical analysis revealed that the three sub-catchments exhibited different behaviors. Perou River contamination was high during low flows, which highlighted that contamination primarily originated from groundwater contributions. The results showed that only a small part of the catchment (SC2), contributing little to the water flow, comprises a major CLD contribution, which is in agreement with the highly contaminated andosol soils observed there. Another significant result considers that at least 50 years would be required to export the totality of the actual CLD soil stocks retained in the topsoil layer. The actual time for soil remediation will however be much longer considering (i) the necessary time for the chlordecone to percolate and be stored in the shallow aquifers and (ii) its travel time to reach the river.rights reserved.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Activated sludge control using the process control index.
1978
Estus W.N.
Pollution of camel milk by heavy metals in Kazakhstan Texto completo
2009
Konuspayeva G. | Faye B. | Loiseau G. | Diacono E. | Akhmetsadykova S.
Environmental contamination by heavy metals is a common fact in Central Asia. In the present study two sampling procedures were achieved: (i) Sampling of fodder, camel raw milk and shubat (fermented camel milk) in 8 farms closed to pollution sources from the South of Kazakhstan for copper, iron, manganese, zinc, arsenic and lead analysis, (ii) sampling of camel milk in 4 regions of Kazakhstan (63 samples) analyzed for lead, chrome and zinc contamination. In first sampling, camel milk contained 0.07 ± 0.04, 1.48 ± 0.53, 0.08 ± 0.03, 5.16 ± 2.17, <0.1 and 0.025 ± 0.02 ppm respectively for Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, As and Pb. In shubat (fermented milk) the mean content was 0.163 ± 0.164, 1.57 ± 0.46, 0.088 ± 0.02, 7.217 ± 2.55 and 0.007 ppm respectively. Arsenic was detected in some samples of milk and shubat only. The trace elements concentration increase in shubat compared to milk but lead concentration decreased. No clear correlation was observed with fodder composition. In second sampling, the lead content was on average 250 ± 56 ppb in the camel milk with no significant differences between regions. The maximum value was observed at Atyrau (532 ppb). Zinc content in milk (5.42 ± 0.2 ppm) did not change significantly between regions. In reverse, chrome (59.5 ± 45.4 ppb) was higher in Shymkent region compared to others. These values were discussed according to the proximity of pollution sources. Specially, higher concentrations were experienced in fodder from pastures close to some industrial sites or high traffic road. (Résumé d'auteur)
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