Litter are ubiquitous and increasing in the coastal and marine environments. Entanglement with litter is one of the principal causes of mortality in seabirds, but the population-level consequences are unknown. Currently, all seabirds collect litter for nesting material. Northern Gannets are not the exception and there are several cases where elevated percentages of polymers are part of the life cycle of gannets, especially during breeding. This baseline paper presents an analysis of litter content and its related impacts on the two gannet nests located in South France (Carry-Le-Rouet) and Northwest Italy (Portovenere) from 2017 to 2019. 654 items from both gannet nests were collected with 277 items (42%) being of natural origin, while 377 items (58%) were litter. Most of the nesting material was nautical cordage, which appears to be used preferentially. A more restrictive litter management regulation must be adopted to reduce litter generation from fishing/aquaculture-related activities.

This study aims at assessing the fate of MV Wakashio oil spill, and the driving forces responsible for possible environmental consequences of polluted coastal region. GNOME simulations were performed, considering various meteo-oceanographic forcings such as (i) winds and currents, (ii) only winds, and (iii) only winds with different diffusion coefficients, and validated with the satellite images. The results revealed that the simulations performed with ‘only winds’ reasonably match with the satellite observations, indicating that winds are the primary driving forces. The conducive stokes drift is an added contribution to the predominant northwestward drift of the spill. The oil budget analysis suggests that beaching and evaporation together accounted for a significant portion of the spilled oil (1000 tons), in which ~60% of the oil was accounted only for beaching. Our results depict that the diffusion coefficient of 100,000 cm²/s and 3% windages are optimal for oil-spill simulations off the southeastern Mauritius coast.

In the present study, the combined effects of pH, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature levels on the antioxidant responses of the mussel Mytilus coruscus were evaluated. Mussels were exposed to two pH (8.1, 7.7-acidification), two DO (6 mg L⁻¹, 2 mg L⁻¹-hypoxia) and two temperature levels (20 °C, 30 °C-warming) for 30 days. SOD, CAT, MDA, GPx, GSH, GST, TAOC, AKP, ACP, GPT, AST levels were measured in the gills of mussels. All tested biochemical parameters were altered by these three environmental stressors. Values for all the test parameters except GSH first increased and then decreased at various experimental treatments during days 15 and 30 as a result of acidification, hypoxia and warming. GSH content always increased with decreased pH, decreased DO and increased temperature. PCA showed a positive correlation among all the measured biochemical indexes. IBR results showed that M. coruscus were adversely affected by reduced pH, low DO and elevated temperature.

Benthic marine food webs, which recycle organic matter and sustain unique biodiversity, are an important component of estuarine Patagonian fjords; however, these may be heavily influenced by salmon farming activities. Under the above conditions, this study collected several food sources (sediment organic matter, suspended particulate organic matter, macroalgae) and 26 benthic invertebrate species, and analyzed them using a Bayesian mixing model. Briefly, carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analyses revealed that the highly variable isotopic niche widths respond to food supplies from marine and terrestrial organic matter. In addition, particulate and dissolved waste from salmon farming activities were found to modify isotopic composition ratios in many suspension feeders. Particularly, our results indicate high δ¹⁵N values in the sponge Cliona chilensis and the encrusting coral Incrustatus comauensis, which appear to be potential ecological indicators for evaluating stoichiometry imbalances and trace organic pollution sources in fjord environments.

Zn, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Cd concentration and ecological risk were studied in three bays to evaluate the heavy metal (HM) contamination of seagrasses. Seasonal HM accumulation varied according to locations, seagrass species and tissues. Halophila beccarii had much higher HM concentrations except for Cr in Zhelin Bay, however, bioconcentration factors (BCF) of Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn were higher in Liusha than Zhelin Bay. Cr was much enriched in Thalassia hemperichii and Enhalus acoroides than Halophila beccarii and Halophila ovalis. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb were easy to accumulate in belowground tissues in Halophila ovalis. In contrast, almost all HM were more enriched in aboveground tissues in other species. Generally, BCF exceeding 1 and high metal pollution index suggested HM had potential ecological risk on seagrasses. The results provide the reference for managing and protecting seagrass ecosystem in South China, and are significant to expand the global seagrass detection network.

The fluctuating asymmetry values of the two otolith parameters: length and width of Engraulis australis, recovered from the food of gannet, which inhabit colonies in islands at Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand was calculated in this study. The dissimilarity value of the otolith width was higher than that of the otolith length. An inclination of upsurge in the dissimilarity values with the fish length was noted for the otolith sizes studied. The dissimilarity value in the two otolith sizes was the lowest for fish having total length of 115–154 mm, and the highest for fish with length of 151–160 mm. The conceivable reason of the dissimilarity obtained could be related to diverse contaminants and their presence in the study location.

The occurrence, ecological risk, and source of heavy metals in the Liaohe River Protected Area from the watershed of the Bohai Sea were investigated. The maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As in water were 8.50, 25.22, 3.80, 0.14, 1.76, 8.52, and 3.19 μg/L, respectively. The maximum concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Pb, and As in sediment were 27.0, 109, 33.2, 0.56, 318, 43.7, and 29.3 mg/kg, respectively. The percentages of soil samples with observed concentrations above background values were 31.25%, 31.25%, 25%, 28.13%, 56.25%, 34.38%, and 37.5% for Cu, Cr, Zn, Ni, Cd, Pb, and As, respectively. Igₑₒ suggested that sediments were polluted with Cd, Pb, As, Cr, and Zn, whereas soils were contaminated with all seven metals. Potential ecological risk index values exhibited that sites L25 and L12 were classified as moderately polluted in sediment and soil, respectively.

The present study aimed to assess corocoro grunt use as bioindicator of Hg contamination in coastal marine systems by testing environmental (seasons) and biological effects (sexual maturity, size and weight) on THg accumulation and assessing human health risk. Fish was captured in winter and summer seasons at Vermelha Beach, Rio de Janeiro, Southeast Brazil. Adult O. ruber showed significantly higher THg than juveniles, and THg concentrations were positively correlated to fish length and weight. Fish THg concentrations did not differ between seasons and were below the accepted limit for human consumption. Human exposure risk by fish consumption was 0.31 μg MeHg kg⁻¹ week⁻¹ and the hazard quotient was 0.44 (0.11–1.84). Our results confirm the applied use of O. ruber as sentinel species for Hg contamination monitoring and highlight concern for its consumption, especially for local fishermen populations that highly consume this fish and may be more susceptible to Hg adverse effects.

Despite that the ballast water management (BWM) convention has come into force to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms, to date, very few bacteria can be identified through microbial culture method. In this study, we explored a reduced-representation sequencing of 2b-RAD approach to investigate the bacterial diversity in ballast water and sediments (BWS). Our results indicated a large amount of bacteria species (1496) detected in BWS up to now, including 13 pathogens that are seriously concerning in marine environment and aquaculture like the most harmful Vibrio harveyi and Aurantimonas coralicida. We showed that the ballast water had relative lower species, which was dominated by Proteobacteria. In contrast, the sediments had richer species, which was dominated by Bacteroidetes. Although BWS differed significantly in species composition, sediments shared most of the concerned pathogens with ballast water, highlighting the importance of sediment management. In conclusion, 2b-RAD sequencing shows promise in future BWM.

The indiscriminate use of organophosphate pesticides causes serious environmental and human health problems. This study aims the biodegradation of chlorpyrifos, methyl parathion and profenofos with the proposal of new biodegradation pathways employing marine-derived fungi as biocatalysts. Firstly, a growth screening was carried out with seven fungi strains and Aspergillus sydowii CBMAI 935 was selected. For chlorpyrifos, 32% biodegradation was observed and the metabolites tetraethyl dithiodiphosphate, 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol, 2,3,5-trichloro-6-methoxypyridine, and 3,5,6-trichloro-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one were identified. Whereas 80% methyl parathion was biodegraded with the identification of isoparathion, methyl paraoxon, trimethyl phosphate, O,O,O-trimethyl phosphorothioate, O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate, 1-methoxy-4-nitrobenzene, and 4-nitrophenol. For profenofos, 52% biodegradation was determined and the identified metabolites were 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, 4-bromo-2-chloro-1-methoxybenzene and O,O-diethyl S-propylphosphorothioate. Moreover, A. sydowii CBMAI 935 methylated different phenolic substrates (phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 6-chloropyridin-3-ol, and pentachlorophenol). Therefore, the knowledge about the fate of these compounds in the sea was expanded, and the marine-derived fungus A. sydowii CBMAI 935 showed potential for biotransformation reactions.