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Resultados 3331-3340 de 62,578
Changement de productivité des forêts : diagnostics et théories Texto completo
2006
Houllier, Francois | Bontemps, Jean-Daniel | Dhote, Jean-Francois
absent
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Impacts physiologiques de l'ozone sur les arbres Texto completo
2004
Le Thiec, Didier, | Dizengremel, Pierre,
Les recherches sur le deperissement des forets en France : structure et principaux resultats du programme DEFORPA Texto completo
1987
Landmann, Guy
Moyens preventifs et curatifs de lutte contre la pollution dans les ecosystemes terrestres, en particulier les forets Texto completo
1987
Bonneau, M.
Delayed environmental pollution caused by transient landscape storage — An example from the Lesser Antilles Texto completo
2025
Bizeul, Rémi | Lajoie, Oriane | Cerdan, Olivier | Pak, Lai, Ting | Foucher, Anthony | Huon, Sylvain | Grangeon, Thomas | Evrard, Olivier | Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI) ; Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE) ; Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA) | Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) | Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS) ; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad) | Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Mitate Lab (MITATE Lab) ; Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fukushima University [Fukushima, Japan] | Plan Chlordecone 2021–2027 (Projet SEA9- Chlordecone, Prefecture de Martinique, France)
International audience | The strong pest pressure on intensive banana cultivation in the French West Indies led to the intensive use of chlordecone (an organochlorine insecticide) between 1972 and 1993. Due to its high toxicity for the population and the environment, many studies were conducted on the transfer of chlordecone over the last 20 years. However, most studies focused on the dissolved fraction of chlordecone, while the particle-bound fraction was understudied. Therefore, this study reconstructs pluri-decadal erosion rates ( 1980–2023) and associated chlordecone particle-bound transfers from soil and sediment cores sampled in a cultivated headwater catchment (Saint-Esprit, Martinique). Based on sediment accumulation analyses in an agricultural reservoir, high erosion rates ( 10 t ha−1 yr−1) were found in the investigated catchment during the study period, with values exceeding the estimated tolerable soil loss rate in tropical contexts ( 2.2 t ha−1 yr−1). Based on the analysis of soil cores sampled along a banana plantation hillslope, this study highlights the formation of colluvial deposits with high levels of chlordecone contamination. When these areas are affected by erosion processes, this leads to massive remobilization of particle-bound chlordecone to water bodies. Indeed, in sediment sampled in the downstream reservoir, we observed a drastic increase in these transfers since 2006, synchronous with changes in agricultural practices. This study therefore highlighted the occurrence of legacy contamination at toeslope positions, which was estimated to potentially persist for 4000 to 11,000 years. Such a residence time highlights the need to implement changes in land management to effectively reduce erosion of agricultural soils, particularly in areas identified as ”temporary deposition zones” for chlordecone contamination, in order to protect downstream water bodies from chlordecone transfer. To achieve this, agricultural practices that may increase soil erosion, such as herbicide application or intensive ploughing, should be minimized. Overall, this study improved our understanding of erosion and associated chlordecone transfers in tropical environments.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Designing a new MFC biosensor for clogging detection in treatment wetland Texto completo
2024
Sorgato Ana, Carla | Nivala, Jaime | Papillon, Justine | Ter-Ovanessian, Benoît | Damasceno Silveira, Daniele | Kim, Boram | Rubens Lapolli, Flavio | Forquet, Nicolas | Réduire, valoriser, réutiliser les ressources des eaux résiduaires (UR REVERSAAL) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC) | Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Déchets Eaux Environnement Pollutions (DEEP) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon) ; Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) | Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Assessment of contaminants in blue sharks from the Northeast Atlantic: Profiles, accumulation dynamics, and risks for human consumers Texto completo
2023
Alves, Luís M.F. | Lemos, Marco F.L. | Moutinho, Ariana, B | Ceia, Filipe, R | Muñoz-Arnanz, Juan | Jiménez, Begoña | Cabral, Henrique | Novais, Sara, C | Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre [Portugal] (MARE) ; Instituto Universitário de Ciências Psicológicas, Sociais e da Vida = University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences (ISPA) | institute of organic chemistry (IQOG-GSIC), Madrid, Spain (IQOC-CSIC) | Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Chemical pollution is a major threat to marine ecosystems, and top predators such as most shark species are extremely vulnerable to being exposed and accumulating contaminants such as metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This work aimed to study the degree, composition, and the sources of contamination in the blue shark (Prionace glauca) inhabiting the Northeast Atlantic, as well as the potential risk faced by human consumers. A total of 60 sharks were sampled in situ aboard fishing vessels, and the concentrations of a set of metals and POPs were analysed in various tissues and complemented with stable isotope analyses. High levels of contaminants were found in most sharks sampled. The concentrations of most metals were higher in the muscle when compared with the liver. Regarding the dangers to consumers posed by the concentrations of arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), over 75% of the sharks presented muscle concentrations of at least one contaminant above the legal limits for human consumption, and a risk assessment determined that consumption of meat of these sharks exceeding 0.07 Kg per week could potentially expose human consumers to dangerous amounts of methylmercury (MeHg). Additionally, the assessment of single contaminants may lead to an underestimation of the risk for the human health. Finally, the overall accumulation of contaminants seems to be mostly influenced by the sharks' geographical distribution, rather than sex, size, or trophic level of their prey. ☆ This paper has been recommended for acceptance by Christian Sonne.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Reducing the footprint of vertical flow constructed wetlands for raw sewage treatment: the Bi-filter® solution | Réduction de l'emprise au sol des filtres plantés de roseaux pour le traitement des eaux usées brutes : le Bi-filtre Texto completo
2010
Troesch, S. | Prost Boucle, S. | Molle, Pascal | Leboeuf, V. | Esser, D. | EPUR NATURE CAUMONT SUR DURANCE FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | SOCIETE D'INGENIERIE NATURE ET TECHNIQUE LA CHAPELLE DU MONT DU CHAT FRA ; Partenaires IRSTEA ; Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED [Axe_IRSTEA]TED-EPURE | International audience | French vertical flow constructed wetlands treating raw wastewater have been developed successfully over the last 30 years. During the last years, SINT and Epur Nature developed the approach further by introducing a deep single-stage vertical flow bed that comprises both stages into one in the aim to reduce the footprint. This process, patented by Epur Nature as Bi-filtre®, consists in two vertical stages piled-up. While classical systems in France are designed with 2m².PE-1 (1.2m² and 0.8m² on the first and second stage respectively), the Bi-filtre® has a larger total filtration area with 2.5 m²/PE (1.5m² and 1 m² on the first upper and second lower stage respectively) but a foot print reduced to 1.5 m².PE-1. To favour aeration of the system, an intermediate natural aeration system is introduced at the interface between the first and second stage. The paper will present a study on a fullscale plant (Saint Michel l'Observatoire, 175 PE, France) running at full load in which different materials (sand, pozzolana of different particle size) were tested at the second stage. The aim was to identify the best materials to use to guarantee performance and avoid clogging on this unplanted and buried stage. The study consisted in measuring hydraulic conditions (inlet/outlet flows, infiltration rates, tracer experiments) correlated with 24h composite samples assessments. The results shows that such systems, if well designed, can guarantee an outlet quality of 35 mg.L-1 in SS, 125 mg.L-1 in COD, 25 mg.L-1 in BOD and 20 mg/L in KN with a total foot print of 1.5 m².PE-1. The paper will present the design recommendations and the limits of the systems taking into account a larger experience gathered on different existing plants (e.g. Chorges Bifilter®, 2 150 P.E, France).
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Diphasic oxygen transport in porous media: modeling approach, and vertical flow constructed wetlands experimental validation | Transport diphasic de l'oxygène en milieu poreux : approche de modélisation et de validation expérimental sur filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical Texto completo
2010
Petitjean, Anne | Wanko, A. | Forquet, N. | Mose, R. | Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED [Axe_IRSTEA]TED-EPURE | International audience | Oxygen renewal, as a prominent phenomenon for aerobic bacteria activity, deeply impacts VFCW treatment efficiency. We introduce MIGRA, a new model able to simulate oxygen transfer in VFCW. It is based on a realistic two-phase flow module, that allows us to describe various loading sequences, and a transport module. The multi-component transport module is able to deal with convection/diffusion phenomena, inter-phase (air-water) mass exchange, and first-order kinetics. It is validated with analytical solutions and data from an experimental VFCW (column). We show the benefits of a two-phase flow modeling using a comparison with HYDRUS.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Solid respirometry to characterise the biodegradation kinetics in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW): a better insight for modelling | Respirométrie solide pour mesurer l'activité biologique au sein de filtres plantés de roseaux à écoulement vertical en vue de la modélisation dynamique Texto completo
2010
Morvannou, A. | Choubert, J.M. | Forquet, N. | Philippe, N. | van Clooster, M. | Molle, Pascal | Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY) ; Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF) | Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
[Departement_IRSTEA]Ecotechnologies [TR1_IRSTEA]TED [Axe_IRSTEA]TED-EPURE | International audience | We develop an original solid respirometric method to measure the biodegradation rates of COD and ammonium at different depths of a Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland (VFCW). The method is developed for a matrix operated under unsaturated conditions. The oxygen demand is measured versus time in a gas passing through a reactor containing a mixture of an organic matrix mixed with a bulking agent (wood). For the measurement of the nitrification rate, a solution of ammonia and hydrogenocarbonates is spread on the sample. We ran 15 experiments on different matrices with variable organic matter contents (sludge, VFCW gravels and sand). Within this paper we present the overall methodology, the factors that allow improving the accuracy (number of duplicates, blank, sample volume, bulking agent volume, gas flow, etc.) and the nitrification rates that were obtained.
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