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Changement de productivité des forêts: diagnostics et théories Texto completo
2006
Houllier, François | Bontemps, Jean-Daniel | Dhôte, Jean-François
Les changements de productivité des forêts ont été étudiés intensément à partir des années 1990, à la suite des événements relatifs au dépérissement des forêts européennes. Dans cette contribution, on analyse les problèmes méthodologiques soulevés par ce type d'étude, les sources de données disponibles pour l'analyse, et les éléments de diagnostic acquis sur plusieurs espèces forestières du territoire français. Les implications pour le cadre théorique qui prévalait dans les années 1980 concernant la productivité des peuplements forestiers sont enfin discutées. problèmes méthodologiques, sources de données, cadre théorique, éléments du diagnostic
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]FAIRCHAIN project overview Texto completo
2021
Gésan-Guiziou, Geneviève | Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | Union Européenne
International audience
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Growth responses of two silver birch clones to elevated CO2 and O3 during three years of exposure in OTCs
2002
Riikonen, J. (Finnish Forest Research Institute, Suonenjoki (Finland). Suonenjoki Research Station) | Lindsberg, M. M. | Peltonen, P. | Oksanen, E. | Syrjala, L. | Holopainen, T. | Vapaavuori, E.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) are increasing by 1-2% per year and are expected to double by the year 2100 compared to the end of the last millennium. Carbon dioxide at twice the current atmospheric concentrations has the potential to increase the productivity of forest trees while increasing ozone is expected to cause significant reductions in growth. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of CO2 and O3, singly or in combination, on growth and allocation of two European silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones under field conditions to verify the future predicitons in regard to silver birch. Our data show that growth of clone 80 was benefitted by ambient CO2 singly and in combination with ambient O3. Clone 4 was more responsive to ambient O3 than clone 80 which is opposite to results from previous pot experiments with these clones
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Effects of nonionic surfactants on life history traits of Drosophila melanogaster Texto completo
2025
Richard, Chloé M.C. | Renault, David | Wallart, Violette | Denis, Béatrice | Tarapacki, Pénélope | Marion-Poll, Frédéric | Colinet, H | Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement - CNRS Ecologie et Environnement (INEE-CNRS) ; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des sciences de l'environnement de Rennes (OSERen) ; Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Evolution, génomes, comportement et écologie (EGCE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | The project received financial support from CNRS through the MITI interdisciplinary programs and its exploratory research program (Project PLASTIBIO). The work was also supported by ANSES and ADEME (Projects PLASTICIDE and PLASTIBIO) through the French national research program for environmental and occupational health (PNR EST). The authors thank Emmanuel Le Rouzic and EXperimental ECOLogy platform (ECOLEX) of ECOBIO for their help in the experiments.
International audience | Surfactants are used for a variety of applications such as emulsifiers, solubilizers, or foaming agents. Their intensive production and use in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agricultural products have resulted in their continuous discharge in the environment, especially via wastewaters. Surfactants have become a threat to living organisms as they interact with, and disrupt, cell membranes and macromolecules. Their effects have mainly been studied in aquatic species; however, terrestrial organisms are also threatened by these emerging contaminants. This study investigates the effects of two widely used nonionic surfactants, Tween-20 and Triton X-100, on key traits of larvae and adults of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We assessed the toxicity of the two surfactants on viability, development time, body size and food intake of the flies. The results revealed that both surfactants induced toxic effects on the drosophila flies leading to decreased viability, delayed development and lowered food consumption at the highest tested concentrations. Both surfactants proved to be toxic to flies, and, for all tested traits, Triton X-100 appeared more toxic than Tween-20. Our results might extend to other invertebrates. The widespread use of these substances, which then end up in the environment, should be regulated to mitigate their impacts on biodiversity and ecosystems.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Changing gardeners’ point of view on soils with a citizen science project in Southern‑East France Texto completo
2025
Affholder, Marie-Cécile | Bouvard, Manon | Cecillon, Lauric | Cheviron, Nathalie | Drusch, Stéphanie | Mougin, Christian | Mercier, Vincent | Richaume, Agnes | Sanchez, Wilfried | Egea, Emilie | Delaunay, Delphine | Fondation evertea | Ambassade de France au Kénya | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Plateforme BIOCHEM-ENV ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Unité Expérimentale de Recherches Intégrées en Production Fruitière (UERI) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM) ; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL) ; Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Soil and the threats it faces nowadays are often underestimated by citizens. This is rather due to a lack of awareness than to a lack of interest. In France, the surface covered by private gardens is not negligible, as it represents 2% of the territory, which is four times larger than the area of natural reserves in the country. Therefore, ensuring the protection and preservation of healthy soils in these areas is of great importance. Citizen science is a good way to raise awareness about scientific issues. Using a scientific and educational approach, the citizen science project “La clé du sol,” funded by the Fondation de France coordinated by the evertéa Foundation, aimed to raise home gardeners’ awareness of soil complexity and how to maintain healthy soil, as well as help them realize the possible consequences of their practices. For 2 years, fourteen gardeners participated in the project which involved theoretical and practical workshops where cultivation practices were listed, garden soils were sampled, and their physico-chemical and biological parameters as well as contaminants were analyzed. The strength of this project was the close interaction between the gardeners, a local citizen association, agronomy students, and researchers to decipher and interpret the results and learn how to translate them into practical advice. The progress of the project is presented in this article. Moreover, the scientific, social, and educational contributions of “La clé du sol” as well as the challenges inherent in citizen science projects involving long-term citizen engagement will be discussed.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Texto completo
2024
Binner, Hannah | Wojda, Piotr | Yunta, Felipe | Breure, Timo | Schievano, Andrea | Massaro, Emanuele | Jones, Arwyn | Newell, Jennifer | Paradelo, Remigio | Popescu Boajă, Iustina | Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė, Edita | Tuttolomondo, Teresa | Iacuzzi, Nicolò | Bondi, Giulia | Zupanc, Vesna | Mamy, Laure | Pacini, Lorenza | de Feudis, Mauro | Cardelli, Valeria | Kicińska, Alicja | Stock, Michael, J | Liu, Hongdou | Demiraj, Erdona | Schillaci, Calogero | University College Cork (UCC) | European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [España] = University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] = Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle [Espagne] (USC) | Geological Institute of Romania, Bucureşti, Romania | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas ; Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo (UNIPA) | Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme ; Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) | University of Bologna | Polytechnic University of Marche / Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) | AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST) | Trinity College Dublin | Centre for planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University | Agricultural University of Tirana
A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Texto completo
2024
Binner, Hannah | Wojda, Piotr | Yunta, Felipe | Breure, Timo | Schievano, Andrea | Massaro, Emanuele | Jones, Arwyn | Newell, Jennifer | Paradelo, Remigio | Popescu Boajă, Iustina | Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė, Edita | Tuttolomondo, Teresa | Iacuzzi, Nicolò | Bondi, Giulia | Zupanc, Vesna | Mamy, Laure | Pacini, Lorenza | de Feudis, Mauro | Cardelli, Valeria | Kicińska, Alicja | Stock, Michael, J | Liu, Hongdou | Demiraj, Erdona | Schillaci, Calogero | University College Cork (UCC) | European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC) | Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB) | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [España] = University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] = Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle [Espagne] (USC) | Geological Institute of Romania, Bucureşti, Romania | Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas ; Vilniaus Gedimino technikos universitetas | Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo (UNIPA) | Crops, Environment and Land Use Programme ; Irish Agriculture and Food Development Authority | Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS) ; Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS-PSL ; École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL) ; Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) | University of Bologna | Polytechnic University of Marche / Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM) | AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST) | Trinity College Dublin | Centre for planetary Health and Food Security, Griffith University | Agricultural University of Tirana
International audience | There is an urgent need by the European Union to establish baseline levels for many widespread pollutants and to set out specific levels for these under the Zero pollution action plan. To date, few systematic reviews, superseded by bibliometric analyses, have explored this issue. Even less research has been carried out to compare the efficacy of these two data extraction approaches. This study aims to address these two issues by i) constructing an inventory of the available information on urban soils, highlighting evidence gaps and measuring compliance with the Zero pollution action plan, and by ii) comparing the methods and results of these two data extraction approaches. Through Scopus and Web of Science databases, peer-reviewed articles using the terms urban soil in combination with specific urban soil threats and/or challenges were included. Notably, both approaches retrieved a similar number of initial articles overall, while the bibliometric analysis removed fewer duplicates and excluded fewer articles overall, leaving the total number of articles included in each approach as: 603 articles in the systematic review and 2372 articles in the bibliometric analysis. Nevertheless, both approaches identified the two main urban soil threats and/or challenges to be linked to soil organic carbon and/or heavy metals. This study gives timely input into the Zero pollution action plan and makes recommendations to stakeholders within the urban context.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]A Systematic Review and Characterization of the Major and Most Studied Urban Soil Threats in the European Union Texto completo
2024
BINNER Hannah | WOJDA Piotr | YUNTA MEZQUITA Felipe | BREURE Timo | SCHIEVANO Andrea | MASSARO Emanuele | JONES Arwyn | NEWEL Jennifer | PARADELO Remigio | POPESCU Iustina | BALTRENAITE-GEDIENE Edita | TUTTOLOMONDO Teresa | IACUZZI Nicolò | BONDI Giulia | ZUPAC Vesna | MAMY Laure | PACINI Lorenza | DE FEUDIS Mauro | CARDELLI Valeria | KICINSKA Alicia | STOCK Michael | LIU Hongdou | DEMIRAJ Erdona | SCHILLACI Calogero
There is an urgent need by the European Union to establish baseline levels for many widespread pollutants and to set out specific levels for these under the Zero pollution action plan. To date, few systematic reviews, superseded by bibliometric analyses, have explored this issue. Even less research has been carried out to compare the efficacy of these two data extraction approaches. This study aims to address these two issues by i) constructing an inventory of the available information on urban soils, highlighting evidence gaps and measuring compliance with the Zero pollution action plan, and by ii) comparing the methods and results of these two data extraction approaches. Through Scopus and Web of Science databases, peer-reviewed articles using the terms urban soil in combination with specific urban soil threats and/or challenges were included. Notably, both approaches retrieved a similar number of initial articles overall, while the bibliometric analysis removed fewer duplicates and excluded fewer articles overall, leaving the total number of articles included in each approach as: 603 articles in the systematic review and 2372 articles in the bibliometric analysis. Nevertheless, both approaches identified the two main urban soil threats and/or challenges to be linked to soil organic carbon and/or heavy metals. This study gives timely input into the Zero pollution action plan and makes recommendations to stakeholders within the urban context. | JRC.D.3 - Land Resources and Supply Chain Assessments
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Size-fractionated carbonaceous and iron-rich particulate matter in urban environments of France and Senegal Texto completo
2024
Delville, Laurence | Léon, Jean-François | Macouin, Mélina | Tastevin, Yann-Philippe | Demory, François | Proietti, Arnaud | da Silva Chibane, Pedro, Henrique | Dias Alves, Maria | Gueye, Mayoro | Laffont, Laure | Gardrat, Eric | Rousse, Sonia | Drigo, Loic | Ustra, Andréa, Teixeira | Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Unité Mixte Internationale "Environnement Santé Sociétés" (ESS) ; Université Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis Sénégal (UGB)-Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST)-Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar [Sénégal] (UCAD) | Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement (CEREGE) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE) | Centre de microcaractérisation Raimond Castaing (Centre Castaing) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse) ; Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3) ; Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie - CNRS Chimie (INC-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP) ; Université de Toulouse (UT) | Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP) | Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) through the national research program Les Enveloppes Fluides et l’Environnement/Chimie atmosphérique (LEFE/CHAT)MITI (CNRS) | ANR-18-EURE-0018,TESS,Toulouse Graduate School of Earth and Space Sciences(2018) | ANR-21-SDG1-0009,AirGeo,Citizens' empowerment through biomonitoring of air quality in response to mining, recycling and using georesources(2021)
International audience | Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate matter in the urban environment, emitting particulate organic and elemental carbon compounds and metal-rich particles through combustion and brakes and tires wear. In Western Africa, the carbon and metal composition of airborne particles is also influenced by additional sources linked to biomass combustionand recent industrialization. Here, we investigated the impact of combustion-related and non-combustion-related emissions on the distribution of carbonaceous fractions and iron-rich particles in two urban environments in France and Senegal. The supermicron fraction (Da > 1μm) showed a significantly higher isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) than finer fractions, accounting for 79% in France and 81% in Senegal of the total SIRM. In the submicron fraction (Da < 1μm), we noted significantly higher concentrations of total carbon (TC) and elemental carbon (EC) than for other fractions, both accounting for 71% in France and 68% and 75% in Senegal of the total and elemental particulate carbon concentration, respectively. Electron microscope observations revealed the presence of iron-rich particles for Da < 0.2μm, however, associated with a weak SIRM. Such iron particles may be produced by combustion or abrasion while we suspect that emissions by the abrasionprocess produce larger particles.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase measurement on the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum: development, biological variability and application in an ecotoxicological approach Texto completo
2023
Rollin, Marc | Coulaud, Romain | Quéau, Hervé | Delorme, Nicolas | Duflot, Aurélie | Le Foll, Frank | Geffard, Olivier | Xuereb, Benoit | Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO) ; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH) ; Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet ; Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy) ; Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
International audience | Due to its role in the crustacean moulting process, N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAGase) is interesting to monitor the good proceeding of the moult cycle, as well as relevant in assessing changes in the moulting process caused by stressors. The present study aimed to measure the NAGase activity to monitor the moulting process of the freshwater amphipod Gammarus fossarum. Firstly, an optimised protocol measuring the NAGase activity was made, allowing a robustness and reproducibility of measurements. Then, intrinsic variability of NAGase response was checked under two physiological factors: the gammarid moult cycle and gender. For both genders, a significative increase of activity was observed during premoult, instead of a basal activity detected during postmoult and intermoult. However, the NAGase female profile was preconised to study since it was defined with more precision. Finally, a 16-day exposure of female gammarids to different levels of treated or non-treated wastewater effluents was made. If delays of tissue development appeared on effluent exposed specimens, NAGase activity was similar between the different conditions. This apparent desynchronization between tissue and molecular activities accentuates the diagnostic of moult impairment and raises the interest to use markers at different organisational levels.
Mostrar más [+] Menos [-]Potential of fluorescent tracers to appraise biochar amendment strategies for pesticide mitigation — insights from comparative sorption Texto completo
2023
Sene, Seynabou | Dollinger, Jeanne | Hammecker, Claude | Lagacherie, Manon | Negro, Sandrine | Samouëlian, Anatja | Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH) ; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier ; Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro) | The study was funded by the Carbonex Company in the framework of a research and development project.
International audience | Mitigation of pesticide dispersion in soil and water is required to protect ecosystem health and the anthropic uses of water bodies. Biochar amendments have been suggested to reduce pesticide dispersion due to their high sorption potentials. Nevertheless, appraisals at different scales have been limited by the costs of pesticide analyses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of two fluorescent tracers, uranine (UR) and sulforhodamine B (SRB), for use as pesticide proxies in the context of biochar amendments used for mitigation purposes. Therefore, we compared the sorption processes of both fluorescent tracers and those of three pesticides, glyphosate, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole for soils; three wood biochars (pine, oak, and beech/charm blend); and soil/biochar mixtures representing agricultural usages. The results showed that the sorption of glyphosate by soil was unaffected by amendment with the tested pine, oak, and wood blend biochars. In contrast, the sorption coefficients of UR, SRB, 2,4-D, and difenoconazole were significantly increased with these biochar amendments. SRB, in particular, exhibited sorption behavior similar to that of the hydrophobic fungicide difenoconazole. This indicates promise for the use of SRB as a proxy for hydrophobic pesticides, in testing biochar amendments.
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