Lake ecosystems determined by trophic conditions, accurately defined Ecological status of protected area. Trophic condition of water of Lake Skadar and two rivers, the inflow Moraca and the outflow Bojana was described via plankton data considering abundance of phytoplankton, seasonal dynamics of organotrophs, cyanobacteria, total coliforms, plankton biodegrading potential and nitrogen fixing bacterioplankton. The trophic potential for phytoplankton growth has been detected in late autumn throughout September-November 2004, contrary to early summer June-July 2005, and adverse growth of bacterioplankton in May, June and September 2005, respectively. The results of quantitative analysis of coliforms showed good relation of Lake Skadar and Ada Bojana, contrary to similarities between Moraca River and Ada Bojana estimates in accordance with the Pantle-Buck index. Nevertheless, investigation pointed out Lake Skadar beta-mesosaprobic level and moderate self-purification rate. In evaluating trophic conditions the good ecological potential of protected area has been proposed.

Explorations were done at the location Ilje, near Melenci. Novo Ilje 1 is a canal used for regulation of irrigation at the local fields. Novo Ilje 2 is a bog that dries out during the periods of low precipitation. Quantitative phytoplankton analysis of Novo Ilje 1 sample from 2003 determined that total amount of cells was 1.5 x 10**5 cell per liter. Total amount of cells in 2004 sample was 1.8 x 10**5 cell per liter. Quantitative phytoplankton analysis of Novo Ilje 2 sample from 2003 determined that total amount of cells was 1.7 x 10**5 cell per liter. Total amount of cells in 2004 sample was 3.1 x 10**5 cell per liter. Phytoplankton biomass in Novo Ilje 1 sample from 2003 was 2.6 x 10**8 cubic micrometer/l, and in 2004 sample was 1.09 x 10**8 cubic micrometer/l. Phytoplankton biomass in Novo Ilje 2 sample in 2003 was 3.06 x 10**8 cubic micrometer/l, and in 2004 sample was 1.62 x 10**8 cubic micrometer/l.

This paper shows the results of research of some phytoplankton and saprobiological characteristics of water in reservoir Grliste and the flowing rivers during the period of January 2001 to December 2007. During this period of researching, phytoplankton community was characterized by forms of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta and Euglenophyta. Saprobiological analyses using bioindicatory species of algae showed oligosaprobic and beta-mezosaprobic characteristics of water in the reservoir. The analyses showed the poor water quality of Lesovacka and Lenovacka rivers which flow in reservoir. This water was determined as beta-mezosaprobic and alfa-mezosaprobic type. The phytoplankton was characterized by forms of Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta and Euglenophyta.

During the field research of phytocenous characteristics of the Moravica river flow and the influence of anthropogenic pollution, hygrophilous ass, Salicetum albae-fragilis (willow grove-shrubs in moist habitats) which grows in the middle reaches of the Moavica, has been found. The community develops in the middle reaches and it indicates highly polluted waters. The aim of this paper is to establish phytocenous contents of the community and ecological conditions of the habitat (indicatives of water quality of the Moravica river) based on ecological index of vascular plants.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) can be defined as: the process of identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the biophysical, social and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being made. Changes in the practice of Environmental Impact Assessment and advances in information technology have greatly expanded the range of tools available in the EIA. This paper describes some of the simplest techniques and methods for EIA.

Most veterinary drugs enter the environment via manure application. However, it is unclear how these substances interact with soil biota. Therefore, it was the aim of the present study to investigate the effects of manure containing different concentrations of the antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ) on the soil microbial communities. It was shown that manure alone has a stimulating effect on microbial activity. Only potential nitrification was negatively influenced by manure application. The addition of SDZ to the manure reduced microbial activity. Depending on the SDZ concentration, levels of activity were in the range of the control soil without manure application. Also, selected processes in nitrogen turnover were negatively influenced by the addition of SDZ to the manure, with nitrification being the only exception. The effects were visible for up to 4 days after application of the manure with or without SDZ and were correlated with the bioavailability of the antibiotic.

Pollution of Lakes and Rivers provides essential insights into present-day water quality problems from an international perspective; explains simply and effectively how lake sediments can be used to reconstruct pollution history; includes over 200 additional references and a new chapter on recent climatic change and its effects on water quality and quantity; tackles present-day water quality problems from an international perspective.