Balancing in territories settlements, especially in the urban systems, is important for spatial planning. According to studies carried out in a non-equilibrium state of the urban system and the primacy phenomenon is evident at national and regional levels in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to explore the urban hierarchy of Qom province, especially in the course of time. This study, is descriptive and analytical method and developmental research by purpose. Documentary methods have been used for data collection. In order to analyze the urban system has been used many indicators (primacy, two city, Mehta, Moomaw&Alwosabi, Kinsburg, scattering coefficient, Herfindahl, Shannon entropy, size- rank and improved size-rank). The results show province of Qom has 6 city that all cities don’t have record high urbanization except the city of Qom. Also, all indicators show that the city of Qom has the strongest urban prime rate, concentration and imbalance. Even become the province of Qom and the formation of new urban areas couldn't reduce imbalances.

Decentralization is the strategy which democratizes of the political system and accelerating to achieve sustainable development, which currently has made the executive government circles become a hot issue. Despite the focused concentration of power and decision-making at the center or top-level officials, decentralization make this possibility to deal with low levels issues and problems of they own directly. Thus, this paper uses the method of descriptive - analytic and with a library collection - documents to review tackles decentralization and define the decentralization policy in Iran before and after the revolution program. Evaluation results show that in spite of decentralization policyIn most cases, development programs, unfortunately, these programs have not been successful and convergence has intensified in Tehran. Reality still shows the focus of activities, services and decision-making centers in Tehran. So the solution is to reduce the concentration of political power - administrative and decision-making and management of the local administration and management of provincial to provide the main way to deal with the approach of decentralization and reform of the governance structure and the reduced concentration of Tehran and the development of developing countries, decentralization