Spatial justiceand geographical justiceasfair distributionof services andamenitiesin order toachieveaharmonioussocietyandone of the socialjusticeapproach.Not proper distributionof services,leads toelimination ofthe justice and willincreasedissatisfaction of citizens from their location. The research method is descriptive – analytical. In order to analysis of how the distribution of services in neighborhoods of six region of Tehran, theLQ, standardized coefficient and VIKOR model is used.Then, using theCopelandmodeltocombinethe results ofthese modelsisdiscussed. The results show that an urban service is not distributed fairly in neighborhoods of this region. So that neighborhoods of Arjanteen – saei and MedaneValiasr in the best position and neighborhoods of Fatemi and Ghezelghale, are locatedat the lowest level in having of urban services distribution.Alsofindingsindicatedthat thespatial distribution of populationand servicesis not fair.Thus,considering the structure of coherent andsystematicof city, attention tothe spatialjustice ofdistributionservicein levelneighborhoods of six regionsanddistributionof these servicesaccording tothepopulation, has made itnecessary.

Nowadays as for increasing growth of urban population and then expedite and ungovernable development of cities, many issues and problems have been stand on human societies The assessment of change rate of urban settlements in Sari city in the past half-century shows significant increment of urban lands space over the city. Increment of urban settlements in mentioned area takes place regardless capabilities and restrictions on lands and also ecological capability assessment process of urban development which causes wide range of valuable lands to be destroyed. Ecological capability assessment process of urban development estimates possible utilization of human from land for urban development usage. The present study which is descriptive and analysis and applicable research, is done to achieve designing and using a holistic and flexible model in order to ecological capability assessment of urban development by utilizing ANP. Analysis network process is relatively a modern method in the field of environmental researches that is based on mutual influence of environmental standards and of course wisdom collective judgment. The results of present research led to offering lands zoning map of the under studding area based on Ecological capability assessment of urban development to optimize activities in order to preventing environmental imbalance.

Balancing in territories settlements, especially in the urban systems, is important for spatial planning. According to studies carried out in a non-equilibrium state of the urban system and the primacy phenomenon is evident at national and regional levels in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to explore the urban hierarchy of Qom province, especially in the course of time. This study, is descriptive and analytical method and developmental research by purpose. Documentary methods have been used for data collection. In order to analyze the urban system has been used many indicators (primacy, two city, Mehta, Moomaw&Alwosabi, Kinsburg, scattering coefficient, Herfindahl, Shannon entropy, size- rank and improved size-rank). The results show province of Qom has 6 city that all cities don’t have record high urbanization except the city of Qom. Also, all indicators show that the city of Qom has the strongest urban prime rate, concentration and imbalance. Even become the province of Qom and the formation of new urban areas couldn't reduce imbalances.

During last two decades, rural-urban linkages in the form of regional interaction networks have been analyzed particularly in the geographical literature. In respect to economic linkages, periodic markets network could be assumed as one of the most important markets. In the sustainable social- economic conditions, this can result in positive and reciprocal functions. This study aims to determine the role of periodic markets network in regional development around Tehran metropolis. In this descriptive-analytical research, 199 sellers and 384 buyers in 49 periodic markets surrounding Tehran Metropolis were studied. To measure the effective factors in the establishment of periodic markets network and regional development, five indicators such as population size, share of urban wholesalers, share of urban and rural street vendors, share of agricultural and non-agricultural products and share of intra-area and regional transportation network were chosen. Results showed that population size and the convergent role of rural and urban street vendors associated with the development of intra-area transportation network were effective in the establishment and sustainability of rural and urban periodic markets network and regional development. It is proposed to note promoting share of direct supply of rural agricultural and non-agricultural products to these markets for rural- urban balanced development.

Boarder villages of sistan region in Iran are so less developed and their location on the boarder of Afghanistan has fueled this less development. Subsequently, Afghan's settlement in this region has caused some special socio-economic situation in sistan region and has overwhelmed lots of functions of this region's villages. The goal of this article is an analytical study on the effects of Afghan's settlement on the socio-economic development of boarder villages of Sistan. Based on the library study, field studies and questionnaire the method of this article was description- analytical study. The collected information was analyzed by means of Taxonomy method and spearman test inlet in SPSS software. The results of level taxonomy showed that among the 31 studied villages the number of 6 villages were on normal level and 25 others were on middle level or bellow. Also the results of spearman test with a degree of 99 percent certainty shows the correlation between afghan's settlement with economic development ( -0.814) and social development( -0.679) and concluded that the socio-economic situation of the region will improved by afghan withdrawal from Sistan area.

Spatial planning concept refers to alignment and arrangement of relationship between people, space and activities at different geographical scales with emphasis on the role of decision-making and decision-taking. Objective of this research is investigating the spatial distribution and localization of therapeutic land use (important hospitals) of Mashhad city with passive defense approach. Although, emphasis is on passive defense approach, however, because it is closely tied to the issue of spatial planning (especially in urban scale), the findings of the study can also be effective in spatial planning and urban planning. Study area is city of Mashhad that with regard to the diversity of therapeutic spaces, major city hospitals were selected for final consideration. Research methodology is descriptive - analysis method. Findings of Research indicate that the main part of important hospitals in Mashhad have been concentrated in the central part of the city. These regions located in areas of high risk in terms of passive defense. Imbalance between density population and spatial distribution of hospitals in urban areas is strongly noticeable. Finally, with attention to investigations and results, some suggestions for reduction hazards of therapeutic spaces in times of crisis offered.

Iran needs population growth in order to achieve high weight in the region and world as well as to obviate peripheral threats. Iran's area is so vast that it can accommodate more population than the current population. The country having population density of 46 individuals per square kilometer ranks 162 in the world. However, quality and efficacy are necessary for a population to lead high weight. Therefore, it has been attempted in this research to explain necessity of population growth of the country geographically; and to study optimization of indices for these changes and policy making in order to lead the changes in the framework of the land preparation plans. The research questions are: Which indices are considered as priority from the view point of the land preparation, concerning the population growth; and which areas and provinces are more apt to accommodate more population? General purpose of this study is to consider crucial land preparation indices in population growth policy and to prioritize provinces based on the indices. The research method is descriptive-analytical.

If you don’t know where you’re going, you might not get there. Urban Strategic planning and mainly vision developing is to determine position of the City that wants to reach. Revealing where the city wants to go, instead of continuing to do things in a routine way, city can focus their limited resources on programs that are most effective in achieving the vision. Acknowledging the important role of strategic planning and vision developing in contemporary cities, this paper tries to develop a vision for the city of Saveh in the form of strategic planning process. This research, based on objective is Applied, and based on the nature, analytical – descriptive. In the process of strategic analysis, External & Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix (EFEM & IFEM) is used.Based on the results of External & Internal Factors Evaluation Matrix, the best strategy for Saveh is to protect the stability of city. The final vision of Saveh, consisting six strategic aspects, which are: industrial and economic city, cultural – historical city, Healthy and sustainable city, enabling the processing of agricultural products, College city and Regional Scientific center, and Attractive and lively for sporting and cultural activities and festivals.

Positioning services are generally the activities in which all the features of a particular area are analyzed with regard to suitable land and its relation to the urban and rural functions. Choosing a location requires knowledge and accurate assessments, using appropriate models and tools. In this survey the was conducted in compliance with the standards and features of the site issue Geomorphic region has been examined and is The most important aim identify the status of military centers in the region and analyze environmental conditions and introduce suitable location for the construction military centers. The study is a descriptive-analytical one and benefiting from GIS, evaluates the border areas of South Ilam province and the positioning for the establishment of military centers with regard to the geomorphic and human criteria. therefore AHP model of GIS was used to determine the distribution of military centers of this area. It was finally concluded that %74 of the military centers of this part are placed in proper areas.

The objectives of this study were to investigate and to zoning desertification in a semi-arid region, khomein city using MEDALUS model. In first the study area was divided into four homogeneous land unites based on geomorphological facies. Then, based on input data in MEDALUS model, effective indicators in desertification including climate, vegetation, soil, erosion, groundwater resources and land management were selected. Then, the indices were weighted and the geometic mean was calculated and the map of each criteria was provided. The final map of desertification was prepared based on combination of all maps of each indicator.The results showed that 4.15%, 12.8%, 19.52%, 11.37%, 11.1%, 26.33%, and 14.7% of the study area are in vulnerable, low-intensity fragile, moderate intensity fragile, high intensity fragile, low-intensity critical, , moderate intensity critical, high intensity critical types, respectively.Also, investigation of desertification, relate to land use and land units exhibited that bared land and 1 and 2 land units, that has the most percent of critical type of desertification, is more capable to desertification comparing to other land use type