Dünya’da olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de iklim değişikliğinin etkileri önemli bir şekilde görülmektedir. Türkiye’de İç Anadolu bölgesinde su kaynaklarında ciddi azalmalar olmakla birlikte kuraklık riski de öngörülmektdir. Atmosfer sıcaklığındaki ani değişimler hayvancılık sektörünü olumsuz etkilerken, hayvancılık sektörü de ürettiği sera gazları ile iklim değişikliğini etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda iklim değişikliği ile hayvancılık sektörü arasında karşılıklı bir ilişki olduğu söylenebilir. Tükiye’de 2000’li yılların başından beri iklim değişikliği azaltım ve uyum çalışmaları sürdürülmektedir ve özellikle Avrupa Yeşil Anlaşmasının yayınlanması ve Paris Anlaşmasına taraf olunması ile bazı çalışmalar artmıştır. İç Anadolu bölgesinde hayvancılık sektörü incelendiğinde, bu bölgede esas olarak büyükbaş ve küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiriciliği önemli bir yer tutmakta olup, ülke hayvancılığına ve ekonomisine önemli katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, İç Anadolu Bölgesi iklim değişikliği ve bölgenin hayvancılığı genel olarak değerlendirilerek, bu iki olgunun ilişkisi tartışılmıştır.

Samsun is the most important province of the Black Sea Region by the socio-economic structure. In this study, how animal production changed between 2010 and 2020 in the province and the needed suggestions for the later period were revealed. In the assesment period of the study, an important increment occurred in the number of large and small animals except for equidae including horse, donkey and mule. Similarly, a high elevation of milk production in bovine, ovine, and goat has been observed in the province. While the floating structure in the number of poultry and honey production of the province has been noticed within the last decade, it may be declared that the animal production level of Samsun is generally better than the neighboring provinces. In conclusion, applying the revealed suggestions on improving the current situation will provide to gain for elevating the production of the province and region to the higher level.

The most important way to reduce feed inputs is to increase the amount of good quality roughage. According to official data of Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI) in 2018, Turkey has 18.6 million bovine animal unit (BAU) livestock existence, and 85 million tons of quality roughage is needed to feed the animal existence. However, total quality roughage production of in the Turkey is 59 million, 10 million from meadow and grassland lands, 18 million from forage crops, 31 million from plant residues. Accordingly, the roughage gap in the country is 26 million tons, this accounts for 30% of the need. The quality roughage deficit is quite above this. The Eastern Anatolia region and Muş province have a great potential in Turkey’s animal husbandry both in terms of the presence of animals and the productivity of the grassland areas. The amount of forage crops produced in the region, where livestock is based on pasture and grassland in general, is also above the average of forage crops produced in Turkey. In order to closure roughage gap in Turkey, it is necessary to obtain higher yields from these areas by improvement and using them in accordance with the technique of those areas. In addition, it is necessary to increase the cultivation areas of forage crops within the field agriculture. By the closure of the shortage of roughage, higher animal production will be achieved, input costs may decrease, and the income level of animal producers will increase and the price of animal products may decrease. The research in Turkey, Eastern Anatolia Region and Mus Province of grassland and forage crops status, deficit and status of roughage, issues were analyzed.

Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.

Beekeeping; It is a branch of agriculture that provides cheap and easy employment opportunities, is not dependent on land, is a sole source of livelihood for families with landless or little land and has no harmful effects on the environment and nature. Our current geographical location is among the countries suitable for beekeeping in our country with the coexistence of four seasons. Beekeeping has become widespread in our country with the increasing interest in natural life and natural products, with developing technologies day by day. When the data from the 2000s to the present are examined, it is noteworthy that the number of hives has increased every year. In the last twenty (2000-2020) years, there has been an increase of 11.29% in the number of old hives, and an increase of 95.62% in the number of new hives. At the same time, it was determined that there was an increase of 70.36% in honey production and a decrease of 16.83% in bee wax production. In this review article, the current situation of beekeeping, which is the branch of animal husbandry in Turkey, together with 20 years of data has been examined.

Husbandry has a special importance for people who live in rural areas in terms of agricultural income and profitability due to some contributions such as; providing cash flow throughout the year, product processing, balanced usage of labour force, and risk diversification. According to FAO data of 2017, Turkey’s ratio in the world’s total cattle existence was 0.99%, and it had a 2.78% ratio in total milk production. According to TSI data between 2004 and 2018; the number of total cattle reached 17.042.506 with a ratio increase of 4.62%, and the annual milk production amount reached 20.036.877 tons with a ratio increase of 7.23%. Within the period of time that is mentioned above, the contribution ratio of culture breed cattle in milk production reached 61.39% from 33.63%. However, in terms of milk cow productivity, Turkey is the 57th in the world. The cities of Konya, İzmir, Erzurum, Balıkesir, and Diyarbakır provide 21.74% of Turkey’s total milk cow existence, and 22.77% of the milk production total. In terms of agricultural subsidies which are provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, husbandry took a share of 25.79% from the 14.5 billion TL total agricultural subsidies in 2018. According to the research results, directly or indirectly, husbandry contributes to decreasing development level differences between regions, and it helps to improve enterprises’ income levels in rural areas.

Samsun is the most important province of the Black Sea Region by the socio-economic structure. In this study, how animal production changed between 2010 and 2020 in the province and the needed suggestions for the later period were revealed. In the assesment period of the study, an important increment occurred in the number of large and small animals except for equidae including horse, donkey and mule. Similarly, a high elevation of milk production in bovine, ovine, and goat has been observed in the province. While the floating structure in the number of poultry and honey production of the province has been noticed within the last decade, it may be declared that the animal production level of Samsun is generally better than the neighboring provinces. In conclusion, applying the revealed suggestions on improving the current situation will provide to gain for elevating the production of the province and region to the higher level.

Beekeeping; It is a branch of agriculture that provides cheap and easy employment opportunities, is not dependent on land, is a sole source of livelihood for families with landless or little land and has no harmful effects on the environment and nature. Our current geographical location is among the countries suitable for beekeeping in our country with the coexistence of four seasons. Beekeeping has become widespread in our country with the increasing interest in natural life and natural products, with developing technologies day by day. When the data from the 2000s to the present are examined, it is noteworthy that the number of hives has increased every year. In the last twenty (2000-2020) years, there has been an increase of 11.29% in the number of old hives, and an increase of 95.62% in the number of new hives. At the same time, it was determined that there was an increase of 70.36% in honey production and a decrease of 16.83% in bee wax production. In this review article, the current situation of beekeeping, which is the branch of animal husbandry in Turkey, together with 20 years of data has been examined.