The chokeberry plant, which is native to North America and the south of Canada, is a deciduous, shrub-shaped, berry-like plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which survives for many years. It is seen as a plant that adapts easily to almost every climatic condition and soil and has many beneficial properties for health. Within the scope of this study, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water extracts were prepared from the fruits collected from the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott plant, which is cultivated in the Kırklareli region. The chemical contents of the obtained extracts were clarified by high performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, p-coumaric acid were found in the extracts, and ethyl acetate extract was found to have the richest phenolic substance profile. Malvin anthocyanin compound was detected only in methanol extract.

In the present study, we aimed to isolate and biochemically identify tyramine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from black and green fermented olive samples produced by traditional methods and obtained from different provinces of Turkey. A total of 36 LABs, including Enterococcus spp. (2 isolates), Lactobacillus spp. (16 isolates), and Lactococcus spp. (18 isolates) were isolated from the fermented olive samples. Among them, 27 isolates could decarboxylate tyrosine amino acid; however, the decarboxylase enzyme activity of the remaining 9 isolates was negative. The ability of LAB isolates with positive enzyme activity to produce tyramine was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 6 isolates were found to be significant tyramine producers in vitro, producing tyramine at concentrations ranging from 107.251 to 207.618 mg L–1.

In the present study, we aimed to isolate and biochemically identify tyramine-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from black and green fermented olive samples produced by traditional methods and obtained from different provinces of Turkey. A total of 36 LABs, including Enterococcus spp. (2 isolates), Lactobacillus spp. (16 isolates), and Lactococcus spp. (18 isolates) were isolated from the fermented olive samples. Among them, 27 isolates could decarboxylate tyrosine amino acid; however, the decarboxylase enzyme activity of the remaining 9 isolates was negative. The ability of LAB isolates with positive enzyme activity to produce tyramine was evaluated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and 6 isolates were found to be significant tyramine producers in vitro, producing tyramine at concentrations ranging from 107.251 to 207.618 mg L–1.

Dracocephalum moldavica L. has been used as both treatment of coronary heart disorders and food supplements. In the present study, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content in methanol, ethanol and methanol/ethanol extracts of leaf was studied in Iranian Moldavian balm for the first time. Antioxidant activity of the studied plant was also measured. The methanol extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content, anthocyanin, DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging activity. The ethanol extract showed the least amount of all. The methanol/ethanol extract showed the highest amount in two oxides including nitric and superoxide radical scavenging activities; it also showed the highest Ferric Reducing Ability Power. The obtained chromatograms of the plant using High Performance Liquid Chromatography showed that the highest and the lowest found phenolic compounds were caffeic acid and vanilic acid, respectively. The results show that this plant is a suitable natural antioxidant to reduce the oxidative stress in human being.

Yapılan bu çalışmada ısıl işleme alternatif termosonikasyon (TS) yöntemi ile taze elma suyu farklı genlik (%60, 80, 100), sıcaklık (40, 50, 60 ve 70°C) ve sürelerde (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ve 30 dakika) pastörize edilmiştir. Bu yöntemin elma suyunda bulunan polifenoloksidaz (PPO) ile peroksidaz (POD) ile fenolik bileşiklere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Fenolik bileşikler HPLC ve FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İnaktivasyon sonuçlarına bakıldığında elma suyunda %100 genlikte, 70°C sıcaklıkta 15 dakika işlem sonunda PPO enziminin %99’u inaktif olurken, aynı koşullarda POD enziminin %94,5’i inaktif olmuştur. %80 genlik, 60°C sıcaklık ve 15 dakika toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivitenin en iyi korunduğu işlem parametreleri olarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC ile belirlenen fenolik bileşikler; kateşin, epikateşin, klorojenik asit, kafeik asit ve kamferoldur. FTIR spektrumlarına bakıldığında fenolik bileşiklerde önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda HPLC ve FTIR ile belirlenen fenolik bileşiklerin benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Termosonikasyon elma sularının işlenmesinde enzimlerin inaktivasyonu ve biyoaktif bileşiklerin korunmasında umut verici bir yöntem olarak önerilebilmektedir.

Yapılan bu çalışmada ısıl işleme alternatif termosonikasyon (TS) yöntemi ile taze elma suyu farklı genlik (%60, 80, 100), sıcaklık (40, 50, 60 ve 70°C) ve sürelerde (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 ve 30 dakika) pastörize edilmiştir. Bu yöntemin elma suyunda bulunan polifenoloksidaz (PPO) ile peroksidaz (POD) ile fenolik bileşiklere etkisi araştırılmıştır. Fenolik bileşikler HPLC ve FTIR spektroskopisi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. İnaktivasyon sonuçlarına bakıldığında elma suyunda %100 genlikte, 70°C sıcaklıkta 15 dakika işlem sonunda PPO enziminin %99’u inaktif olurken, aynı koşullarda POD enziminin %94,5’i inaktif olmuştur. %80 genlik, 60°C sıcaklık ve 15 dakika toplam fenolik madde ve antioksidan aktivitenin en iyi korunduğu işlem parametreleri olarak belirlenmiştir. HPLC ile belirlenen fenolik bileşikler; kateşin, epikateşin, klorojenik asit, kafeik asit ve kamferoldur. FTIR spektrumlarına bakıldığında fenolik bileşiklerde önemli bir değişiklik olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda HPLC ve FTIR ile belirlenen fenolik bileşiklerin benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Termosonikasyon elma sularının işlenmesinde enzimlerin inaktivasyonu ve biyoaktif bileşiklerin korunmasında umut verici bir yöntem olarak önerilebilmektedir.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the ethanol extract of Rheum ribes root (RTE), as well as the root and young shoots (RYSE), for its chemical composition, antioxidant properties and cytotoxic effects. Total polyphenols (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), radical scavenging activity (DPPH), the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of Rheum ribes extracts were determined using colorimetric methods. Mineral contents and vitamin values of samples were determined by ICP-MS and HPLC, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of Rheum ribes extracts was determined on different cells using XTT assay. The cytotoxic effects of RTE and RYSE on cancer cells were evaluated with regard to apoptosis. According to results, mineral contents, vitamine A and C values were very high in both samples. Ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribes young shoot exhibited a selective cytotoxic effect on all cancer cells compared to WI-38 cells, and the IC50 values of the extract in the cancer cells between 26.10 to 54.81 μg/mL. Ethanolic extracts of RTE and RYSE induced apoptosis on MCF-7 cells. The ethanolic extracts of Rheum ribes has effective cytotoxic and antioxidant activity. More research is needed to determine the cytotoxic effect mechanisms on cancer cells.

The chokeberry plant, which is native to North America and the south of Canada, is a deciduous, shrub-shaped, berry-like plant belonging to the Rosaceae family, which survives for many years. It is seen as a plant that adapts easily to almost every climatic condition and soil and has many beneficial properties for health. Within the scope of this study, methanol, 70% ethanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and water extracts were prepared from the fruits collected from the Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott plant, which is cultivated in the Kırklareli region. The chemical contents of the obtained extracts were clarified by high performance liquid chromatography. It was determined that phenolic compounds such as ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, quercetin-3-galactoside, p-coumaric acid were found in the extracts, and ethyl acetate extract was found to have the richest phenolic substance profile. Malvin anthocyanin compound was detected only in methanol extract.

Calendula officinalis (pot marigold), a medicinal ornamental plant belonging to the Asteraceae family, has various medicinal activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor. The retention time of quercetin (6.445 min), kaempferol (11.246 min), caffeic acid (2.333 min), beta carotene (9.614 min) standards, which were planned to be analyzed by HPLC, was determined. The HPLC conditions that are most suitable for these metabolites have been determined. The amounts of quercetin, kaempferol, caffeic acid and beta carotene in the seedling leaves of these two Calendula species on the 0., 15., 30., 45., 60. days were compared. Caffeic acid and beta carotene have been detected in the leaves. However, quercetin and kaempferol compounds were not detected. It was determined that the caffeic acid and beta carotene amounts of C. officinalis species were higher than that of C. arvensis. The highest caffeic acid in both C. officinalis and C. arvensis seedlings (0.4042±0.0123 µg/g dry weight for C. officinalis, 0.1918±0.0437 µg / g dry weight for C. arvensis) and beta carotene amounts (0.8520±0.0692 µg/g dry weight for C. officinalis, 0.6389±0.0189 µg/g dry weight for C. arvensis) were determined on 60. day. In addition, it was determined that the amount of these metabolites differed according to the seedling development period.